ANTI-HUMAN LUNG GIANT CELL CANCER (PG) EFFECT OF HUMAN LAK CELLS IN VITRO AND IN NUDE MICE

Human LAK cells were prepared by culturing normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with or without rIL-2 and assayed for T cell surface markers as well as anti-tumor activity against PC in vitro and in nude mice. Although the percentages of T3, T4, and T8 positive cells in rIL-2-activated cells did not differ significantly from those of control cells in vitro, the former showed stronger cytotoxicity than control cells to PG tumor cells in vitro. In vivo, LAK cells completely inhibited the growth of PG tumor in nude mice, whereas PBMC control cells were to be of no effect. The anti-tumor effect of human LAK cells in nude mice may offer a useful model to study the role of human LAK cells against human tumor in vivo.

A STUDY OF THE BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN HEPATOMA XENOGRAFTS IN NUDE MICE AFTER IRRADIATION

Cell growth kinetics and changes in AFP in nude mice with human hepatoma xenografts were evaluated using the flow cytometry method. After receiving 10 Gy of radiation, the mice showed a marked delay in tumor growth; approximately 1 Gy of radiation caused a tumor growth delay of one day. Irradiation altered various phases of the cell cycle. An acute and temporary block of G2 cells was characteristic; FCM measurements demonstrated that about 58% of cells were blocked in the G2 phase and this blocking effect lasted 90 hours after an irradiation of 10 Gy. This indicated that human hepatoma xenografts in nude mice were quite sensitive to irradiation. It was also noted that the AFP decreased for 96 hours after irradiation. Changes in G2 cells after irradiation may be closely related to changes in AFP.

EFFECTS OF PSEUDOFYPE RETROVIRUS CONTAINING HUMAN N-RAS ANTISENSE GENE ON THE GROWTH OF HUMAN LIVER CANCER LTNM4 TRANSPLANTED IN NUDE MICE

An amphotropic pseudotype retrovirus containing human N-ras antisense gene was constructed and packaged with helper cells. It has been previously demonstrated that the virus did inhibit the growth of human hepatocarcinoma cell line PLC PRF/5 in vitro accompanied with the blockage of p21 expression. Based on these results, further study was carried on to examine the effect of these viruses on the growth of human hepatoma transplanted LTNM4 in nude mice. It has been shown that the retrovirus containing human antisense N-ras gene could inhibit the hepatoma in nude mice at a rate of 78% (P<0.05) as compared with saline control. No inhibition was observed in group treated with retrovirus which contained no N-ras sequence. These results in vivo lend further support that human N-ras antisense gene mediated by retrovirus could block the expression of the relevant oncogene and lead to the inhibition of cancer growth. It also provided the basis for further approaches of gene therapy for human cancer.

RESPONSE OF HUMAN RENAL CANCER TO UFT IN NUDE MICE

A primary human renal cell carcinoma was developed as a xenograft (NT-25) and maintained by serial transplantation in nude mice. The effect of UFT on this neogrowth was tested and evaluated as well its distribution in the animal tissues. The concentration of UFT was higher in tumor tissues than that in other tissues and in the animal experimentation UFT was found to be effective on human renal cell carcinoma.

MORPHOLOGICAL SURVEY ON ENDOGENOUS C-TYPE VIRUSES INFECTING A HUMAN LUNG SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA PASSAGED IN NUDE MICE

A human lung squamous carcinoma was transplanted and passaged in Swiss-DF nude mice, called LSX-83, for more than five years in our laboratory. The morphological characteristics of the original tumor were maintained in passages from 4 to 33. But from the 35th generation, an increasing amount of tonofilaments and nuclear segregation with typical features was found with electron microscopy. The C-type virus particles were first detected in extra cellular space after 40 passages. The viruses were observed in different stages of growth, but their distribution and number did not show apparent change up to 54 passages. Such findings suggest that LSX-83 cells probably possess certain barrier of resistance against C-type viruses. The relation between C-type viruses and the morphological changes of LSX-83 cells was discussed.

RADIOIMMUNOLOCALIZATION OF XENOGRAFTED HUMAN GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA WITH ^(131)I-LABELED MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY RWS_(4) IN NUDE MICE

The monoclonal antibody (MAb) RWS4 specific to membrane-associated antigen of human gastric adenocarcinoma was purified by protein A-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography and labeled with 131I by chloramine-T method. 131-RWS,, was injected (65 μCi/10μg/0.2 ml, intraperitoneally) into the stomach cancer-bearing nude mice (solid tumor about 1 cm in diameter), and its biodistribution was studied by SPECT and gamma-counter over a peroid of 7 days. A clear image of transplanted tumor was observed on the 4th day, and the image became more clear on the 6th day. After SPECT scanning, the animals were killed on the 3rd to 7th day separately and radioactivity was detected in various organs. The ratios of T/NT were calculated. The results were shown as follows: tumor/blood, was 3.41±0.29 on the 6th day and the tumor/other organs (liver, spleen, stomach, lung, heart, kidney and brain etc.) were>3. The specificity of the 131I-RWS4 was 7.74±0.65.

TRANSPLANTATION OF HUMAN OSTEO-SARCOMA INTO ATHYMIC NUDE MICE

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Since Rygaard and Povlsen first successfully transplanted human tumors into nude mice, many attempts have been made to the xenograft of various kinds of human tumors into this immunologically defective animal. The human tumor/nude mouse system is thought to have provided a unique opportunity for the study of the biology of human tumors and the test of potential antineoplastic agents. However, the medical literature contains few reports of serial transplantation of human osteosarcoma in nude mice.

THE USE OF ANTIHUMAN GLIOMA MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES FOR TARGETING CHEMOTHERAPY OF BRAIN GLIOMAS(POTENT SUPPRESSION OF MALIGNANT GLIOMA GROWTH WITH IMMUNOCONJUGATES IN VIVO)

Athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous and intracerebral human glioma xenografts were used to assess the therapeutic efficacy of monoclonal anti-body-adriamycin immunoconjugates against malignant gliomas in vivo. Immunoconjugates showed a significantly stronger antitumor effect with a T/C (treated/ control tumor volume) of 30% as compared with free drug (T/C of 84%). The targeting treatment with immunoconjugates significantly prolonged 54% of median survival time of nude mice. Side effects of immunoconjugates on the normal bone marrow and small intestines were much slighter than those of the free drug. The results of this study indicate that the use of monoclonal antibodies as carriers of anti-tumor agents may have many therapeutic advantages and potential for the treatment of brain gliomas.

EFFECTS OF SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ON SOME BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LUNG CANCER CELLS IN VIVO AND IN VITRO

The present study observed the effects of superoxide diamutase (SOD) and its Inhibitor, diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), on the metastasis of Lewis Lung cancer and some biological characteristics of A548 lung cancer cell line. It was found that SOD and DDC inhibited significantly the metastasis of Lewis lung cancer In C57 BL mice, which the effect of DDC was more significant than that of SOD, and decreased the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cell and its transplantation rate in nude mice.

INFLUENCE OF IMMUNE STATUS OF THE IMMUNE DEFICIENT MICE ON THE METASTATIC PHENOTYPES OF THE HETEROGENEOUS CLONAL SUBLINES OF HUMAN LUNG GIANT CELL CARCINOMA

By using cell cloning technique, 4 sublines (A,C,D,E) were isolated from a cell line of human lung giant cell carcinoma (PLA-801). After subcutaneous inoculation in T-cell deficient BALB/c nude mice, the incidence of tumor growth and spontaneous metastasis were the highest in subline D, moderate in sublines A and E, and lowest in subline C. Tumor cells of subline C also showed similar low tumorigenicity in another T-cell deficient 615/ PB1 nude mice.However, in 615/PB1 beige nude mice with con-genitally combined immune-deficiency in both T and NK cell activity, tumor cells of the rarely metastatic subline C do produce significantly high frequency of tumor growth and spontaneous metastasis.Morphological studies (light microscope, electron microscope and immunohistochemistry) showed rich microfilaments and Vimentin positive in the cytoplasm of metastatic tumor cells. This may imply a possibility that tumor cells differentiate towards the direction favourable to spreading and metastasis.

CARCINOGENICITY OF FUSARIN C ISOLATED FROM FUSARIUM MONILIFORME

Fusarium monilljorme, a fungus of established carcinogenic potential, is one of the most common fungal contaminants of maize, millet and other grains in Linxian County, China. Fusarin C, a major product of F. monilljorme grown on corn in the laboratory, is mutagenic in Salmonella tester strains and in V79 cells. Fusarin C showed several characteristics of malignant transformation including the implantation of the rat esophageal epithelial cell line (RE ?525) in nude mice. The present work demonstrated that fusarin C can induce esophageal and forestomach carcinomas in DBA mice and Wistar rats, and thus the experimental results substantiated further the carcinogenicity of fusarin C.

Transfection with the ribozyme targeting HPVE6 mRNA results in growth inhibition of E6-expressing cervical carcinoma cells

Objective: To acquire a ribozyme against the E6 gene of human papillomaviruses type 16 (HPV16E6) and investigate its effects on the phenotypes and gene expression of cervical cancer cell line. Methods: Anti-HPV16E6 ribozyme (HRz) was designed by computer programs and its activity identified by cleavage experiment in vitro before its transfection via lipofectin into CaSKi cells with the empty eucaryotic expression plasmid transfection of the cells also performed, the resultant cells designated as CaSKi-R, CaSKi-P respectively. The morphology and the soft agar forming ability were studied in CaSKi cells and the transfected cells, and the expression of E6, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and C-erbB-2 genes assayed by flow cytometry. The tumorgenicity of each cell line was evaluated in nude mice receiving inoculations of CaSKi, CaSKi-R and CaSKi-P cells separately, while in one group, both CaSKi and CaSKi-R cells were inoculated on different sides of the mice. Results: HRz was able to cleave HPV16E6 mRNA in a site-specific manner and could be expressed stably in transfected CaSKi cells. Northern blot analysis showed that E6 mRNA was less in CaSKi-R than in CaSKi cells, and no significant difference in the morphology and growth rate was observed between CaSKi and CaSKi-P cells, but the growth rate CaSKi-R was lowered. The colony-forming rate of CaSKi-P in soft agar was similar to that of CaSKi cells, while that of CaSKi-R was decreased. Flow cytometry showed that anti-HPV16E6 ribozyme reduced the expression of E6, PCNA and C-erbB-2 genes in CaSKi-R cells, but not in CaSKi-P cells. The tumorgenicity of CaSKi-R in nude mice was decreased compared with CaSKi cells. Conclusion: HRz can partially reverse the malignant phenotype of CaSKi cells, possibly due to decreased E6 gene expression, and the consequent decrease of PCNA and C-erbB-2 gene expressions.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF TARGETING THERAPY OF GASTRIC CANCER WITH ^(131)-I LABELED McAbs

To investigate the radioimmunotherapeutic efficacy, radio-immunoconjugate 131-I-3G9, 811-I-3H11 and 131-I-NMIgG (irre levant antibody) were i.p. injected into nude mice bearing human gastric cancer xenograftes. Each animal received a single doses of 555MBq. Over 14 days the accumulative absorbed doses in tumors were 13.7 Gy for 131-I-3H11 and 12.17 Gy for 131-I-3G9. Both were significantly higher than that for 131-I-NMIgG (3.23 Gy). Thera peutic efficacy appeared most sharply from 2 to 3 weeks after injection. The inhibition ratio of tumor were 86% and 70% for 131-I-3H11 and 131-I-3G9 respectively. Histopathological evidance indicated that in tumor tissues radioactive damage was showed as karyopyknosis, karyorrhexis and necrosis or partial disappearance of tumor cells, while in the other tissues no radioactive damage was observed. WBC counts of all animals did not show significant difference before and after treatment, which indicated that the haemopoietic function of bone marrow was not affected.

ESTABLISHMENT OF A NOVEL CELL LINE (HNE_(1)) DERIVED FROM A NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA

A novel epithelial cell line, designated HNE1 was established from a biopsy specimen of a naso-pharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Electron microscopic examination of the HNE1 cells demonstrated bi-directional differentiation, with some cells displaying features of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, while other cells appeared to have the morphology of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The HNE1 cell line has been passaged more than 100 times over a period of one year. We recently reported that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen (EBNA) was detected in a low pe rcentage of the HNE1 cells examined at subcultures 5-81; the cells were also shown to be EBV DNA positive. Tumorigenicity of the HNE1 cells was demonstrated by xentransplanta tion in athymic nude mice. The developed tumors were characterized as well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas upon histological examination. Kar yotypic analysis of the HNE1 cells demonstrated an aneuploidy with a modal chromosomal number of 74 at passage 5 and 101 at passage 20; 15 marker chromosomes were identified. The frequency of spontaneous sister chromatid exchange was found ot be very high (87.6±0.4/cell).

THE STUDIES ON MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY SZ-39 AGAINST HUMAN GLIOMA CELLS

A hybridoma cell line SZ-39 secreting monoclonal antibody against the human glioma cell has been established by a fusion between NS-1 myeloma cells and spleen cells from mice immunized with human glioma cell lines. Monoclonal antibody (McAb) SZ-39 was analyzed by ELISA, quantitative absorption, indirect immunofluorescence and ABC immunohistology. McAb SZ-39 strongly bound to 9/10 glioma cell lines, 17/20 glioma tissues, weakly bound to one liver cancer cell line and 1/2 lung cancer line, but they did not band with other tested human cancer linse. NcAb SZ-39 have no cross-reaction with lymphocyte, ABC red blood cells, white blood cells, blood platelet, normal bone marrow cells, fibroblast cells and 12 normal human tissues.The result indicated the antigen recognized by McAb SZ-39 may be a glioma-associated antigen <GAA). This GAA was analyzed by means of Western blotting. It was a MW 180 Kd glycopro-tein. The 131I-McAb SZ-39 specifically localized in human glioma xenografted in nude mice that indicate it may be useful in radioimmunoimaging and as a target for immunotherapy on human glioma.

国民经济和饮食习惯对体育锻炼参与度的内驱性影响

随着人们生活水平的提高,人们对体育锻炼的参与度也随之提高,饮食习惯也在不断地发生着变化。这种变化对于人们的身体健康和体育锻炼参与度产生了深远的影响。该文将从国民经济和饮食习惯两个方面,来探讨其对体育锻炼参与度的内驱性影响。通过对国内外社会经济发展情况和饮食习惯进行对比得出以下结论:第一,国民经济发展越好、生活水平越高对体育锻炼参与度有较好的内驱性影响。第二,科学高质量的饮食习惯对体育锻炼参与度有明显正面影响。

EFFECTS OF ANTISENSE EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR AND ITSRECEPTOR RETROVIRAL EXPRESSION VECTORS ON CELLGROWTH OF HUMAN PANCREATIC CARCINOMA CELL LINE

A 150 bp epidermal growth factor (EGF) cDNA fragment and a 1024 bp epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) cDNA fragment were inserted into 5.05 kb pBabe-puro retroviral vectors between BamH I and EcoR I sites in 3'-5' and / or 5'-3' orientation. The vectors were ligated with EGF and EGFR fragments by T-4 Ligase. The recombinant retroviral vectors were then packaged with packaging cell line PA317 through calcium phosphate mediated transfection. The viral supernatant of transfected PA317 cell lines were used to infect the human pancreatic carcinoma cell line PC-7. The resultant transformant cell lines: PC-7 / AS-EGF, PC-7 / S-EGFR, PC-7 / AS-EGFR and PC-7 / pBabe were tested for their endogenous EGF and EGFR mRNA expressions, cell growth rate, 3H-TdR incorporation rate, soft agar colony formation and tumorigenicity in nude mice. The results showed that there were noticeable inhibitions of cell growth, 3H-TdR incorporation rate, soft agar colony formation and tumorigenicity in nude mice in PC-7 / AS-EGF and PC-7 / AS-EGFR transformant cell lines. The endogenous EGF mRNA expression was blocked in PC-7 / AS-EGF cell line and the endogenous EGFR mRNA was significantly down-regulated in PC-7 / AS-EGFR cell line.

材料的“裸露”

在我国的传统艺术中,有一种重要的表现手法——“白描”,被广泛运用在了文学和绘画之中。在文学创作中,“白描”即指用最简练节省的笔墨、不重修饰与渲染,勾勒出鲜明生动的人物形象;在绘画中,“白描”就是完全用线条来表现物象,画风朴素简洁、注重质感,不求精雕细刻,只求以“形”传“神”。鲁迅曾说,“白描却没有秘诀。如果要说有,也不过是和障眼法反一调：有真意,去粉饰,少做作,勿卖弄而已。”

印度孟买Cardboard咖啡店

Cardboard Bombay咖啡馆坐落在印度孟买中央商务区的孟买国际展览中心(Bandra Kurla Complex印度孟买班德拉库尔拉)。可以说,这是印度第一家由硬纸板做成的咖啡馆。设计概念从字面上探索了“纸板箱之外的思维”这一议题,空间全部使用了硬纸板,旨在提倡使用环保产品和可再生能源来应对气候变化和全球变暖。

功能至上

时尚的舞台上不再有绝对的权威,任何曾经汹涌的潮流在各领风骚数年之后都逐渐消退,没有哪一种风格可以长久地统领全局,但唯有功能主义贯穿始终。因为无论是何种繁复的设计,终究不能舍弃满足人们功能需求的第一准则。用最简单的线条表现雅致生活,用最简单的设计实现最多的功能,功能主义就是功能至上。设计师们在对生活进行细致观察后。