区域性医疗器械使用质量自查与监督管理平台的构建

目的:构建医疗器械使用质量自查与监督管理平台,为区域性医疗器械质量控制提供数据支持。方法:搭建系统架构、运行环境及编程语言的硬件平台,设计结构化查询语言(SQL)程序,实现医疗器械购置管理、使用管理、质量管理、售后服务及信息自查等功能。结果:通过医疗器械数据信息的收集、查阅及分析,区域监管部门及使用单位可监管医疗器械使用质量,使生产企业和经营企业有效管理医疗器械的资质及售后服务。结论:区域性医疗器械使用质量与监督管理平台可在一定程度上提高管理数据采集的全面性,及时发现并改进管理策略,可为设备采购、使用、维护、维修、升级及报废提供必要的数据支撑。

Effect of split applications of urea on protein size distribution, physical dough properties, and baking performance of five experimental bread wheat lines

Five experimental bread wheat lines (BWL) were grown at the Yaqui Valley Experimental Station in Sonora, México during two consecutive growing cycles. The effect of five nitrogen fertilization (NF) treatments on protein size distribution (PSD), physical dough properties (PDP), and baking performance of the BWL was evaluated. Polymeric and monomeric proteins were evalu-ated by SE-HPLC. PDP were carried out by the National Mixograph and the TA-XT2 Texture Analyzer. Baking performance was evaluated using the straight dough method. Protein content (PC), main protein fractions (glutenins, gliadins, albumins-globulins), and mixograph development time (MDT) were significantly influenced by NF treatment and BWL but not by their interaction. On the other hand, PDP measured by the Kieffer rig, and baking performance were significantly influenced by the main factors (NF and BWL) and their interaction. The amount and timing of fertilizer applied to the BWL modified the PC, PSD, PDP, and bread loaf volume. PDP exhibited a larger variation in comparison to the PSD of glutenins. The split application of 150 kg of urea/ha (50-50-50) to all BWL showed a better loaf volume response than the same amount of urea applied at sowing (150-0-0). The application of 300 kg of urea/ha to all BWL, either at sowing or at three split applications of 100 kg of urea/ha each, resulted in higher flour unextractable polymeric protein (FUPP). On the other hand, the split application of 100-100-100 kg of urea/ha to three of the BWL represented the higher total unextractable polymeric protein (TUPP). Differences on PC and PSD were reflected on differences on PDP and bread loaf volume observed among the BWL.

Contribution of Major Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Antioxidants from Papaya Fruit to Total Antioxidant Capacity

Several studies have shown that phenolic and carotenoid compounds protect against oxidative stress, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancers. The objective of this research was to determine the individual contribution of the main phenolic compounds from the papaya fruit skin and the individual contribution of main carotenoids from the pulp for total antioxidant capacity at four ripening stages;and the individual and combined radical scavenging ability used the essays DPPH (radical 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl) and ABTS (radical 2, 20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6 sulphonic acid). Phenolic acids standards for this study were ferulic (FA), caffeic (CA) and p-coumaric (pCA) acids and carotenoids studied were Lycopene, β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin. The phenol that showed the best DPPH· and ABTS·+ radical scavenging ability was CA, with 89.47% and 92.98%, respectively. Lycopene contributed the greatest to the TAC (11.9-43.2). Lycopene also showed the best DPPH· and ABTS ·+ radical scavenging ability with 62.12% and 94.26%, respectively. Antiradical ability of phenolics and carotenoids depended on the structure of the compound and its concentration.

Quantification of Mayor Volatile Compounds from Artisanal Agave Distilled: Bacanora

Bacanora is an artisanal beverage distilled from agave, which is manufactured on a small scale in the Sonora state, México. The aim of this study was to identify the major volatile compounds in 77 artisanal Bacanora beverages by gas chromatography, to determine the samples that comply with the Mexican Standards for Bacanora. The samples were collected in 28 municipalities in the area of origin denomination. It was found that only 55.8% of the samples (43) meet the parameters established in the Official Mexican Standards, whereas 44.2% of the samples (34) do not comply: 3 samples for alcohol content, 8 for acetaldehyde, 1 for esters, 11 for methanol and 17 for higher alcohols. Some of the samples do not comply because of more than one analyzed parameter. The Bacanora samples showed great variability among the sampled regions as well as within the same municipalities (p ≤ 0.05).

Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Initiation of Plant Retrograde Signaling

The interaction between the nucleus and the different organelles is important in the physiology of the plant.Reac-tive oxygen species(ROS)are a by-product of the oxidation of organic molecules to obtain energy by the need to carry out the electron transfer between the different enzymatic complexes.However,they also have a role in the generation of what is known as retrograde signaling.This signal comes from the different organelles in which the oxidation of molecules or the electron transference is taking place such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.Furthermore,ROS can also induce the release of signals from the apoplast.It seems that these signals plays a role communicating to the nucleus the current status of the different parts of the plant cell to induce a changes in gene expression.In this review,the molecular mechanism of ROS retrograde signaling is described.

Antioxidant Capacity and Bioaccessibility of Synergic Mango (cv. Ataulfo) Peel Phenolic Compounds in Edible Coatings Applied to Fresh-Cut Papaya

Edible coatings (EC) applied to fresh-cut fruits are used to increase their shelf-life and to deliver antioxidant bioactives such as phenolic compounds (PC) that reduce their oxidative damage while enhance their functional value. However, the combination of different PC may have synergetic, additive or antagonic effects on the final antioxidant capacity (AOXC). The aim of this study was to examine the AOXC of binary combinations of selected PC from mango peel and their bioaccessibility from 6% alginate-based EC applied to fresh-cut papaya, under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Among equimolar (0.1 mM) combinations, gallic + protocatechuic acids (AB) were synergic in radical scavenging activity (RSA) as assayed by DPPH (90% RSA) and FRAP (0.39 mg TE/mL) methods;when assayed in 6% alginate-based EC, their RSA increased (117.85% RSA, 0.88 mg TE/mL). The application of EC + AB to papaya cubes and further in vitro digestion decreased their AOXC probably due to interactions between EC and papaya’s matrix. Therefore, further studies are needed in order to evaluate the effect of combination of phenolic and EC applied in other fruits matrix on antioxidants bioaccessibility.

家禽繁育技术与公众舆论

家禽的繁殖和选育可在任一年龄段进行。借助新技术,可以实现在不需要有许多鸡和历经多个世代的情况下,能够使种群的生产性能取得较大的进步。但是,误解和缺乏相关知识似乎成了这些新技术被消费者接受的屏障,但这不足以成为我们拒绝使用新技术的理由。

Inhibition of Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 by Lipophilic Extracts of Papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i>L. var. Maradol) Fruit

Several epidemiological studies have suggested that carotenoids have antineoplasic activities. The objective of this study was to determine the antiproliferative effect of rich carotenoid lipophilic extracts of papaya fruit pulp ( Carica papaya L., cv Maradol) in breast cancer cells, MCF-7 (estrogen receptor positive) and MDA-MB-231 (estrogen receptor negative), and in non-tumoral mammary epithelial cells MCF-12F. Antiproliferative effect was evaluated using the methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and testing lipophilic extracts from different papaya fruit ripening stages (RS1, RS2, RS3, RS4), at different times (24, 48 and 72 h). Papaya lipophilic extracts do not inhibit cell proliferation of MCF-12F and MDA-MB-231 cells. However, MCF-7 cells showed a significant reduction in proliferation at 72 h with the RS4 papaya extract. Results suggested that lipophilic extracts had different action mechanisms on each type of cells and therefore, more studies were required to elucidate such mechanisms.

A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and best practice statements for the diagnosis and management of varicocele in children and adolescents

A systematic review was conducted to identify and qualitatively analyze the methods as well as recommendations of Clinical Practice Guidelines （CPG） and Best Practice Statements （BPS） concerning varicocele in the pediatric and adolescent population. An electronic search was performed with the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, and Scielo databases, as well as guidelines＇ Web sites until September 2015. Four guidelines were included in the qualitative synthesis. In general, the recommendations provided by the CPG/BPS were consistent despite the existence of some gaps across the studies. The guidelines issued by the American Urological Association （AUA） and American Society for Reproductive Medicine （ASRM） did not provide evidence-based levels for the recommendations given. Most of the recommendations given by the European Association of Urology （EAU） and European Society of Pediatric Urology （ESPU） were derived from nonrandomized clinical trials, retrospective studies, and expert opinion. Among all CPG/BPS, only one was specifically designed for the pediatric population. The studied guidelines did not undertake independent cost-effectiveness and risk-benefit analysis. The main objectives of these guidelines were to translate the best evidence into practice and provide a framework of standardized care while maintaining clinical autonomy and physician judgment. However, the limitations identified in the CPG/BPS for the diagnosis and management of varicocele in children and adolescents indicate ample opportunities for research and future incorporation of higher quality standards in patient care.

Outcome of assisted reproductive technology in met with treated and untreated varicocele, systematic review and meta-analysis

Varicocele affects approximately 35%-40% of men presenting for an infertility evaluation. There is fair evidence indicating that surgical repair of clinical varicocele improves semen parameters, decreases seminal oxidative stress and sperm DNA fragmentation, and increases the chances of natural conception. However, it is unclear whether performing varicocelectomy in men with clinical varicocele prior to assisted reproductive technology （ART） improve treatment outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of varicocelectomy on ART pregnancy outcomes in nonazoospermic infertile men with clinical varicocele. An electronic search was performed to collect all evidence that fitted our eligibility criteria using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases until April 2015. Four retrospective studies were included, all of which involved intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI）, and accounted for 870 cycles （438 subjected to ICSI with prior varicocelectomy, and 432 without prior varicocelectomy）. There was a significant increase in the clinical pregnancy rates （OR = 1.59, 95% CI. 1.19-2.12, 12 = 25%） and live birth rates （OR = 2.17, 95% CI： 1,55-3.06, I^2 = 0%） in the varicocelectomy group compared to the group subjected to ICSI without previous varicocelectomy. Our results indicate that performing varicocelectomy in patients with clinical varicocele prior to ICSI is associated with improved pregnancy outcomes.

Use of testicular sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection in men with high sperm DNA fragmentation： a SWOT analysis

Spermatozoa retrieved from the testis of men with high levels of sperm DNA fragmentation （SDF） in the neat semen tend to have better DNA quality. Given the negative impact of SDF on the outcomes of Assisted Reproductive Technology （ART）, an increased interest has emerged about the use of testicular sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection （Testi-ICSI）. In this article, we used a SWOT （strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats） analysis to summarize the advantages and drawbacks of this intervention. The rationale of Testi-ICSI is bypass posttesticular DNA fragmentation caused by oxidative stress during sperm transit through the epididymis. Hence, oocyte fertilization by genomically intact testicular spermatozoa may be optimized, thus increasing the chances of creating a normal embryonic genome and the likelihood of achieving a live birth, as recently demonstrated in men with high SDF. However, there is still limited evidence as regards the clinical efficacy of Testi-ICSI, thus creating opportunities for further confirmatory clinical research as well as investigation of Testi-ICSI in clinical scenarios other than high SDF. Furthermore, Testi-ICSI can be compared to other laboratory preparation methods for deselecting sperm with damaged DNA. At present, the available literature supports the use of testicular sperm when performing ICSI in infertile couples whose male partners have posttesticular SDF. Due to inherent risks of sperm retrieval, Testi-ICSI should be offered when less invasive treatments for alleviating DNA damage have failed. A call for continuous monitoring is nonetheless required concerning the health of generated offspring and the potential complications of sperm retrieval.

鼠抗人间变性淋巴瘤激酶单抗及其试剂盒的制备及鉴定

目的制备并鉴定鼠抗人间变性淋巴瘤激酶(anaplastic lymphoma kinase,ALK)单抗及其试剂盒。方法以人ALK重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,常规杂交瘤技术制备人ALK单抗,ELISA及免疫细胞化学(immunocytochemical,ICC)法筛选稳定分泌ALK单抗的杂交瘤细胞株;SDS-PAGE检测单抗纯度;蛋白定量测试检测单抗浓度;ELISA方法检测单抗效价、亲和力;单抗亚类检测试剂盒鉴定单抗亚型;Western blot及免疫组织化学(immunohistochemical,IHC)法鉴定单抗的特异性。IHC方法筛选ALK单抗检测试剂盒配套的相关试剂,应用制备的ALK单抗试剂盒及抗ALK(D5F3)兔单抗试剂(IHC法)分别检测1 162份临床样本。结果共筛选出3株稳定分泌ALK单抗的杂交瘤细胞株,其中细胞株1A4在IHC检测非小细胞肺癌(non small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)中ALK蛋白时表现强阳性。单抗1A4的浓度、效价及亲和常数分别为6.791 mg/mL、1∶51 200和2.75×109 L/moL,抗体亚型为IgG2b。在不同肺癌细胞系及过表达ALK和其他基因的细胞裂解液中,单抗1A4仅识别ALK蛋白,在多种NSCLC病理组织样本中可鉴定出ALK阳性的NSCLC,特异性高。选择EDTA修复液(pH 9.0)、DAB染色液(增强聚合物法)及中杉金桥生物科技有限公司的抗体稀释液作为试剂盒配套试剂。1 162份临床样本经ALK单抗试剂盒与抗ALK(D5F3)兔单抗试剂(IHC法)检测的ALK阳性及阴性结果一致性良好。结论成功制备了特异性强的鼠抗人ALK单抗(1A4),该ALK单抗试剂盒与抗ALK(D5F3)兔单抗试剂(IHC法)检测结果一致性良好,可用于NSCLC中ALK蛋白的检测。

Indigestible fraction of guava fruit:Phenolic profile,colonic fermentation and effect on HT-29 cells

Guava fruit is rich in phenolic compounds(PCs),whose metabolic fate has not been explored.Non-digestible carbohydrates and PCs in whole guava(WG)and seedless guava(SG)were submitted to an in vitro colonic fermentation,followed by evaluation of the anti-proliferative activity of the fermentation extracts in HT-29 cancer cell lines.The main PCs in both samples were(+)-gallocatechin and gallic acid,while procyanidin B was the most abundant one associated with soluble indigestible fraction and quercetin predominated in the insoluble indigestible fraction.The fermentability index at 24 h was 78.84%in WG and 84.74%for SG,near to the value for raffinose used as reference,with butyric acid as the main short chain fatty acids(SCFA)produced.The greatest antiproliferative effects were observed in the SG at 12 h of fermentation and WG at 24 h of fermentation.These results allow to suggest consumption of guava fruit,either with or without seeds,as a feasible way to maintain colonic health.