Water Vapor Motion Signal Extraction from FY-2E Longwave Infrared Window Images for Cloud-free Regions:The Temporal Difference Technique

The aim of this study is to calculate the low-level atmospheric motion vectors （AMVs） in clear areas with FY-2E IR2 window （11.59-12.79 μm） channel imagery,where the traditional cloud motion wind technique fails.A new tracer selection procedure,which we call the temporal difference technique,is demonstrated in this paper.This technique makes it possible to infer low-level wind by tracking features in the moisture pattern that appear as brightness temperature （TB） differences between consecutive sequences of 30-min-interval FY-2E IR2 images over cloud-free regions.The TB difference corresponding to a 10％ change in water vapor density is computed with the Moderate Resolution Atmospheric Transmission （MODTRAN4） radiative transfer model.The total contribution from each of the 10 layers is analyzed under four typical atmospheric conditions：tropical,midlatitude summer,U.S.standard,and midlatitude winter.The peak level of the water vapor weighting function for the four typical atmospheres is assigned as a specific height to the TB ＂wind＂.This technique is valid over cloudfree ocean areas.The proposed algorithm exhibits encouraging statistical results in terms of vector difference （VD）,speed bias （BIAS）,mean vector difference （MVD）,standard deviation （SD）,and root-mean-square error （RMSE）,when compared with the wind field of NCEP reanalysis data and rawinsonde observations.

Derivation of Cloud-Free-Region Atmospheric Motion Vectors from FY-2E Thermal Infrared Imagery

The operational cloud-motion tracking technique fails to retrieve atmospheric motion vectors （AMVs） in areas lacking cloud; and while water vapor shown in water vapor imagery can be used, the heights assigned to the retrieved AMVs are mostly in the upper troposphere. As the noise-equivalent temperature difference （NEdT） performance of FY-2E split win- dow （10.3-11.5 μm, 11.6-12.8 μm） channels has been improved, the weak signals representing the spatial texture of water vapor and aerosols in cloud-free areas can be strengthened with algorithms based on the difference principle, and applied in calculating AMVs in the lower troposphere. This paper is a preliminary summary for this purpose, in which the principles and algorithm schemes for the temporal difference, split window difference and second-order difference （SD） methods are introduced. Results from simulation and cases experiments are reported in order to verify and evaluate the methods, based on comparison among retrievals and the ＂truth＂. The results show that all three algorithms, though not perfect in some cases, generally work well. Moreover, the SD method appears to be the best in suppressing the surface temperature influence and clarifying the spatial texture of water vapor and aerosols. The accuracy with respect to NCEP 800 hPa reanalysis data was found to be acceptable, as compared with the accuracy of the cloud motion vectors.

麦高伦大楼生态设计

本项目所处地块是一个对设计极具挑战的历史街区，一个工业遗留地，一个基础设施系统的交汇点。NADAAA在设计和建造过程中将大量项目信息对公众进行公示，以获得他们对项目的认可。 作为南波士顿城市复兴的重要建筑，麦高伦大楼的设计需要重新评估传统住宅类型，以创造一个有新意的建筑，同时又要满足开发商所设定的预算要求。基地所处的位置在高速下坡处附近，周围是传统住宅区与工业区，本项目必须调和该地块内不同的建筑体量及不同的城市需求。

Hinman研究大楼改造及再利用

Hlnman研究大楼的改造及再利用，通过将H1nman研究大楼改造为建筑学院的附属建筑（包括设计室、实验室、教室和研究空间）使其成为佐治亚理工学院建筑遗产中重要的一部分，并重新焕发活力。 研究大楼被设计转换为一个灵活的建筑学院的新附件，包括新的工作室、实验室、数室和研究空间。原建筑是一个高50英尺（约合15．24m）的工业棚架结构建筑，其竖向结构因此重新改造，横向空间则变为灵活的开放模式。

Helios环保加油站

Helios环保加油站的设计思路与传统加油站的理念完全相反，它将水、热能、其他能源、照明采光和材料进行重新整合，以实现可持续发展和能源效率的最大化。

Establishment of Community-Based Dissemination Model and Its Effective Function for Sustainable Food Security and Poverty Reduction

Vietnam ranks as one of the largest rice exporters in the world.Two major deltas,the Mekong River Delta and the Red River Delta,contribute around 70%of the country’s rice production and 90%of its rice exports,while people in the mountainous areas of Central Vietnam still suffer from food shortage for three to four months per year.To combat this incongruous situation,the Foundation for International Development/Relief(FIDR),a Japan-based non-governmental organization(NGO),launched a project to introduce system of rice intensification(SRI)methods and developed the community-based dissemination(CBD)model.One of the difficulties that the government and aid agencies generally face is to create an effective and sustainable dissemination model,when the newly-introduced technology is totally unfamiliar to targeted region and residents.Vietnam consists of 54 ethnic groups,and 14%of the population is comprised of 53 ethnic minorities,mainly living in mountainous areas.Almost 50%of them still live below the poverty line and are threatened by food shortage.Within their cultural context,it is hard to adapt to the new concepts of farming,and they are not used to paddy rice cultivation yet.As the result of the project,the model successfully reduced the food shortage of 1.5 months less in average with more than 4,000 households involved.The model is now turned over to the local government as a case of sustainable management practices.This paper aimed to examine what made the model effectively function.

欣曼科研大厦 美国亚特兰大

该项目为佐治亚理工学院的一项重要建筑遗产注入了新的活力，将其改建为建筑学院的灵活附属建筑，包括工作室、实验室、教室和研究室。原建筑由一个50英尺高的大跨度工业顶棚，在垂直轴上重新规划，水平轴上保持开放和灵活性。不间断的地板主要作为工作室空间，但也可以重新配置用于大型组件。大跨度空间融入四方院和公共空间城市网络，最大程度的与学院建立联系。对于学校来说，重要的是新干预措施是与希恩曼早期现代主义的复合钢／砖石结构的教学阐述互相补充，而不是与其一争高下。翻修充分利用了该建筑的潜力，钢和胶合板巧妙结合，满足结构、规范、规划和可持续性的要求，获得LEED黄金级认证。

赫利俄斯加油站 美国洛杉矶

赫利俄斯加油站的设计包含了创建绿色加油站的悖论。作为一个“学习实验室”，该加油站的设计旨在鼓励对话，促进教育，并培育关于环境管理问题的讨论。赫利俄斯加油站的供水、供热、能源、照明和材料等这些系统的建造均需最大限度地提高可持续性和能源效率。该加油站重新发现了极具设计潜力的结构，这种结构在二十世纪的大部分时间一直主导美国景观角落地段的建设。顶篷的设计是该工程最具代表性的特点。以结构开间为起点，包覆系统将柱基、轴、主体与顶篷融为一体。在参数方面，

麦卡伦公寓楼 美国波士顿

设计麦克伦公寓楼需要重新评估住宅类型．以便在符合开发商要求的前提下，获得一种创新型和可持续性建筑。该建筑全面整合了结构、机电和可持续性等各个方面，因而成为美国波士顿首个获得LEED认证的多户型建筑。该建筑场地位于高速公路出口、住宅区和工业区之间，通过调整建设规模和城市配置来解决与周边建筑物的协调问题。该建筑物的交错桁架系统允许采用灵活多样的单元类型，从而为144个单元的住户创造了多功能性和定制化的空间享受。该建筑也为住户设置了零售空间、室内／室外社区空间以及停车场。