Objective: Brain Metastasis (BM) from primary gynecologic cancers is a rare entity. The advances and successes in the treatment of primary gynecologic malignancies, have led to prolonged survival and, a higher inciden...Objective: Brain Metastasis (BM) from primary gynecologic cancers is a rare entity. The advances and successes in the treatment of primary gynecologic malignancies, have led to prolonged survival and, a higher incidence of BM. This study aims to report the experience at our institution in managing these patients, and provide possible data points that may be essential to note as prognostic factors, and see if our findings are consistent with the literature in this subject. We also aim to provide a brief literature review of patients with gynecologic cancers and BM. Methods: This is a small single institution retrospective study of 23 patients with a gynecologic malignancy and BM, identified between the years 2007-2015. Data were collected on variables including patient demographics, disease and treatment. Results: The median overall survival from the primary diagnosis was 28 months. Median time from diagnosis of BM to death was 9 months. Conclusion: The outcomes in our study are similar to what is stated in the current literature with regard to BM from gynecologic malignancies. Our literature search also revealed that the molecular analysis and treatment of the primary tumor remain important to prevent BMs. The tendency of tumors to metastasize varies for one tumor type to another for the same type of tumor. The tendency to develop BM may not only depend on risk factors such as stage, grade, and histology, but also on the genetic profile of the primary tumor. The study suggests that multimodal treatment of BM has better outcomes in managing BM from gynecologic cancers.展开更多
Teacher efficacy in a particular content area is seen as an important factor shaping teaching practice and student learning in the Western literature.However,inadequate efforts have been made to examine this assumptio...Teacher efficacy in a particular content area is seen as an important factor shaping teaching practice and student learning in the Western literature.However,inadequate efforts have been made to examine this assumption empirically.Drawing on the Trends of International Mathematics and Science Study(TIMSS)2011 mathematics teachers’data at the eighth grade level,this study examines the relationship between teacher efficacy in teaching mathematics and teachers’mathematical instructional practices in five Asian countries/regions.Guided with Bandura’s social cognitive theory,this study finds that overall teachers in the five countries/regions reported much lower teacher efficacy in teaching mathematics and lower levels of instructional practices than the international norms.The relationship between teacher efficacy and instructional practices varied within these countries/regions.Teacher efficacies in teaching mathematics are not always statistically and positively related to their instructional practices in engaging students.Together,these findings challenge the theoretical assumption about the positive relationship between teacher efficacy and instructional practices.Possible reasons of these findings and future directions are discussed.展开更多
文摘Objective: Brain Metastasis (BM) from primary gynecologic cancers is a rare entity. The advances and successes in the treatment of primary gynecologic malignancies, have led to prolonged survival and, a higher incidence of BM. This study aims to report the experience at our institution in managing these patients, and provide possible data points that may be essential to note as prognostic factors, and see if our findings are consistent with the literature in this subject. We also aim to provide a brief literature review of patients with gynecologic cancers and BM. Methods: This is a small single institution retrospective study of 23 patients with a gynecologic malignancy and BM, identified between the years 2007-2015. Data were collected on variables including patient demographics, disease and treatment. Results: The median overall survival from the primary diagnosis was 28 months. Median time from diagnosis of BM to death was 9 months. Conclusion: The outcomes in our study are similar to what is stated in the current literature with regard to BM from gynecologic malignancies. Our literature search also revealed that the molecular analysis and treatment of the primary tumor remain important to prevent BMs. The tendency of tumors to metastasize varies for one tumor type to another for the same type of tumor. The tendency to develop BM may not only depend on risk factors such as stage, grade, and histology, but also on the genetic profile of the primary tumor. The study suggests that multimodal treatment of BM has better outcomes in managing BM from gynecologic cancers.
文摘Teacher efficacy in a particular content area is seen as an important factor shaping teaching practice and student learning in the Western literature.However,inadequate efforts have been made to examine this assumption empirically.Drawing on the Trends of International Mathematics and Science Study(TIMSS)2011 mathematics teachers’data at the eighth grade level,this study examines the relationship between teacher efficacy in teaching mathematics and teachers’mathematical instructional practices in five Asian countries/regions.Guided with Bandura’s social cognitive theory,this study finds that overall teachers in the five countries/regions reported much lower teacher efficacy in teaching mathematics and lower levels of instructional practices than the international norms.The relationship between teacher efficacy and instructional practices varied within these countries/regions.Teacher efficacies in teaching mathematics are not always statistically and positively related to their instructional practices in engaging students.Together,these findings challenge the theoretical assumption about the positive relationship between teacher efficacy and instructional practices.Possible reasons of these findings and future directions are discussed.
