视听知觉训练对老年人认知能力的促进及其机制

老年人的视力和听力随年龄增加而显著下降,视觉和听觉感知训练可一定程度改善认知能力。在老年人群体中,跨视听通道信息相互作用存在促进和补偿效应,以缓解单一感觉通道知觉能力的下降。老年人跨视听通道知觉训练主要聚焦视听敏感性,即视听绑定窗口。结果表明知觉训练显著缩小视听绑定窗口,提高大脑对视听刺激的神经加工效率,体现了跨通道训练优势。未来研究应设计精准高效的跨视听通道知觉训练方案,靶向性增强老年人视听整合能力及其补偿效应的脑机制,为知觉干预产品的开发提供科学依据与新视角,对提高老年人认知功能和身心健康具有重要现实意义。

Drug-induced mucosal alterations observed during esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Several features of drug-induced mucosal alterations have been observed in the upper gastrointestinal tract,i.e.,the esophagus,stomach,and duodenum.These include pill-induced esophagitis,desquamative esophagitis,worsening of gastroesophageal reflux,chemotherapy-induced esophagitis,proton pump inhibitor-induced gastric mucosal changes,medication-induced gastric erosions and ulcers,pseudomelanosis of the stomach,olmesartan-related gastric mucosal inflammation,lanthanum deposition in the stomach,zinc acetate hydrate tabletinduced gastric ulcer,immune-related adverse event gastritis,olmesartan-associated sprue-like enteropathy,pseudomelanosis of the duodenum,and lanthanum deposition in the duodenum.For endoscopists,acquiring accurate knowledge regarding these diverse drug-induced mucosal alterations is crucial not only for the correct diagnosis of these lesions but also for differential diag-nosis of other conditions.This minireview aims to provide essential information on druginduced mucosal alterations observed on esophagogastroduodenoscopy,along with representative endoscopic images.

A Review of Contact Electrification at Diversified Interfaces and Related Applications on Triboelectric Nanogenerator

The triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)can effectively collect energy based on contact electrification(CE)at diverse interfaces,including solid–solid,liquid–solid,liquid–liquid,gas–solid,and gas–liquid.This enables energy harvesting from sources such as water,wind,and sound.In this review,we provide an overview of the coexistence of electron and ion transfer in the CE process.We elucidate the diverse dominant mechanisms observed at different interfaces and emphasize the interconnectedness and complementary nature of interface studies.The review also offers a comprehensive summary of the factors influencing charge transfer and the advancements in interfacial modification techniques.Additionally,we highlight the wide range of applications stemming from the distinctive characteristics of charge transfer at various interfaces.Finally,this review elucidates the future opportunities and challenges that interface CE may encounter.We anticipate that this review can offer valuable insights for future research on interface CE and facilitate the continued development and industrialization of TENG.

不同损伤模型的TC4钛合金高温损伤数值仿真及裂纹预测

对TC4钛合金进行温度800~1000℃、应变速率0.01~5 s^(-1)条件下热拉伸试验。基于Normalized Cockcroft&Latham、Oyane和Rice&Tracey 3种损伤模型,引入了Zener-Hollomon参数,通过遗传算法识别临界损伤值,建立TC4钛合金高温损伤模型。将这3种高温损伤模型集成到Forge软件中,分别对拉伸试验进行仿真计算,比较拉伸试样仿真与试验的断裂长度与断口形貌。结果表明:基于Normalized Cockcroft&Latham高温损伤模型的相关系数R值最大,为0.997。模拟与试验断裂长度具有良好的相关性,且模拟断口与试验断口的形状、颈缩程度吻合度最好,表明该高温损伤模型最适用于预测TC4钛合金的损伤行为。

内源性空间线索有效性对老年人视听觉整合的影响

视听觉整合是将视觉和听觉信息整合成为统一、连贯且稳定的知觉过程。研究采用内源性线索−靶子范式,探讨了不同内源性空间线索有效性对老年人视听觉整合的影响,以及不同线索有效性条件下老年人和青年人视听觉整合的差异。结果表明,(1)无论线索有效性的高低,老年人的视听觉整合均弱于青年人;(2)低线索有效性(50%)条件下,老年人和青年人在有效线索条件下视听觉整合效应均与无效线索条件下没有差异;(3)中线索有效性(70%)条件下,老年人在有效线索条件下视听觉整合效应与无效线索条件下没有差异,青年人在有效线索条件下视听觉整合效应显著高于无效线索条件;(4)高线索有效性(90%)条件下,老年人和青年人在有效线索条件下视听觉整合效应均显著高于无效线索条件。研究结果支持了空间不确定性假说,并且进一步揭示了内源性注意与视听觉整合的交互作用,明确了不同线索有效性条件下内源性空间注意定向收益的不同是导致老年人与青年人视听觉整合差异的原因之一。

Review of lymphoma in the duodenum: An update of diagnosis and management

The presentation,subtype,and macroscopic images of lymphoma vary depending on the site of the tumor within the gastrointestinal tract.We searched PubMed for publications between January 1,2012 and October 10,2022,and retrieved 130 articles relating to duodenal lymphoma.A further 22 articles were added based on the manual screening of relevant articles,yielding 152 articles for full-text review.The most predominant primary duodenal lymphoma was follicular lymphoma.In this review,we provide an update of the diagnosis and management of representative lymphoma subtypes occurring in the duodenum:Follicular lymphoma,diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue,mantle cell lymphoma,and Tcell lymphomas.

硝酸还原酶合成的NO通过诱导酸敏感水稻根尖ROS积累引起酸毒

酸毒是酸性土壤中限制作物生长的重要因子之一,但酸毒通常与金属离子毒性共存,难以在土壤中直接研究,目前关于水稻酸毒机制的报道较少。选用前期筛选的酸耐性不同的两个水稻品种Kasalath(酸耐性)和Jinguoyin(酸敏感),研究水稻的酸敏感性与活性氧(ROS)积累及氧化还原代谢相关酶的关系,并试图探讨酸毒害中一氧化氮(NO)信号与活性氧信号的调控关系。结果显示,低pH引起酸敏感水稻品种Jinguoyin中根尖NO和ROS的富集,但酸耐性水稻品种Kasalath中无显著变化。NO清除剂2-(4-羧基苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基咪唑啉-1-氧基-3-氧化物钾盐(cPTIO)可清除Jinguoyin根尖富集的NO和ROS。硝酸还原酶反馈抑制剂谷氨酰胺(Gln)可明显降低Jinguoyin在低pH下的根尖NO信号,而一氧化氮合酶抑制剂N’-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(L-NAME)对根尖NO信号无影响。低pH显著提高了Jinguoyin中硝酸还原酶基因NIA1、NIA2和NIA3的表达,同时也提高了硝酸还原酶活性。可见,低pH下Jinguoyin受到的酸毒与NO介导的ROS富集有关,酸毒下产生的NO信号主要由硝酸还原酶合成,其硝酸还原酶基因NIA1和NIA2的表达调控硝酸还原酶活性的提高。

苗期水稻和小麦对缺锰胁迫的响应差异及机理

为探究水稻和小麦响应缺锰的差异及其机理,采用水培试验比较了苗期水稻和小麦在缺锰和加锰处理条件下的生长及植株各部位的元素含量和分配情况,并采用绝对定量法比较了小麦和水稻根中锰转运基因的表达水平。结果表明:与供锰充足的植株相比,缺锰21 d严重抑制水稻生长,而小麦生长不受影响;在缺锰条件下,小麦体内锰从根到地上部的转运率比供锰充足时提高了16.4%;相反,水稻体内锰从根到地上部的转运率降低了7.5%;苗期小麦根中TaNRAMP2的绝对表达量是水稻OsNRAMP2的3.8倍~5.1倍。综上可见,小麦比水稻更耐缺锰胁迫,这可能与NRAMP2在小麦中的高表达有关。

Synthesis of crystal-phase and color tunable mixed anion co-doped titanium oxides and their controllable photocatalytic activity

B and N mixed anions co-doped titania with various crystal phases such as anatase,brookite,and rutile were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal synthesis followed by heat treatment in an ammonia gas atmosphere at 550-650℃(denoted as BN-Ana_x,BN-Bro_x,and BN-Rut_x,x is the treatment temperature).The colors of as-prepared BN-Ana,BN-Bro,and BN-Rut are red,yellow-green,and cyangreen,respectively.The color changing mechanism of titania was related to their various band gap structure and the existence of B-N bonding.The nitridation temperature exhibits effective color changing compared to that of nitridation time.The different phases of the mixed anion codoped titania possess different photocatalytic deNO_(x) activity.The BN-Ana and BN-Rut show poor photocatalytic deNO_(x) activity,while the BN-Bro shows excellent photocatalytic deNO_(x) activity,better than that of standard titania photocatalyst Degussa P25.The colorful titania with low-photocatalytic activity is heavy metal elements free,indicating their possible applications as nontoxic color pigments or novel cosmetic raw materials.

Review of oral and pharyngolaryngeal benign lesions detected during esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Recent advancements in endoscopy equipment have facilitated endoscopists’detection of neoplasms in the oral cavity and pharyngolaryngeal regions.In particular,image-enhanced endoscopy using narrow band imaging or blue laser imaging play an integral role in the endoscopic diagnosis of oral and pharyngolaryngeal cancers.Despite these advancements,limited studies have focused on benign lesions that can be observed during esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the oral and pharyngolaryngeal regions.Therefore,this mini-review aimed to provide essential information on such benign lesions,along with representative endoscopic images of dental caries,cleft palate,palatal torus,bifid uvula,compression by cervical osteophytes,tonsil hyperplasia,black hairy tongue,oral candidiasis,oral and pharyngolaryngeal ulcers,pharyngeal melanosis,oral tattoos associated with dental alloys,retention cysts,papilloma,radiation-induced changes,skin flaps,vocal cord paresis,and vocal fold leukoplakia.Whilst it is imperative to seek consultation from otolaryngologists or dentists in instances where the diagnosis cannot be definitively ascertained by endoscopists,the merits of attaining foundational expertise pertaining to oral and pharyngolaryngeal lesions are unequivocal.This article will be a valuable resource for endoscopists seeking to enhance their understanding of oral and pharyngolaryngeal lesions.

Developing Skills in Intra-Workplace Rehabilitation Education: II

This study aimed to develop an educational model that integrates three elements: knowledge, skills, and attitudes—developing the educational model proposed in the previous Paper I—and to widely investigate and characterize previous learning-related models. The basic educational model proposed here is my seven-step process model of rehabilitation practice. Knowledge consists of four aspects: 1) clinical, 2) psychological, 3) environmental, and 4) disability;skills consist of two steps: 5) identifying intervention points and 6) setting feasible goals;and attitudes 7) of communicating and sharing policies and paths with patients, families, and other professionals. This constitutes the process of rehabilitation practice, and a framework that integrates the three elements is developed here. This study focuses on integrating knowledge, skills, and attitudes into what Bloom described as “the integration of instruction and assessment” so that learners and instructors can reconcile them. Therefore, a typology that explains each other for advancing and deepening individual skills is adopted. In Bloom’s original taxonomy of educational goals, the cognitive domain has five layers in the pyramid of knowledge;the psychomotor domain of Simpson’s has seven layers, and Bloom’s affective domain is represented by five in another pyramid. In addition, the above seven layers of the process model and the seven layers of the skill level of the Dreyfus model were brought together. The integration of the above five typologies becomes a useful educational evaluation model when the relationships are clarified.

Developing Skills in Intra-Workplace Rehabilitation Education: II

This study aimed to develop an educational model that integrates three elements: knowledge, skills, and attitudes—developing the educational model proposed in the previous Paper I—and to widely investigate and characterize previous learning-related models. The basic educational model proposed here is my seven-step process model of rehabilitation practice. Knowledge consists of four aspects: 1) clinical, 2) psychological, 3) environmental, and 4) disability;skills consist of two steps: 5) identifying intervention points and 6) setting feasible goals;and attitudes 7) of communicating and sharing policies and paths with patients, families, and other professionals. This constitutes the process of rehabilitation practice, and a framework that integrates the three elements is developed here. This study focuses on integrating knowledge, skills, and attitudes into what Bloom described as “the integration of instruction and assessment” so that learners and instructors can reconcile them. Therefore, a typology that explains each other for advancing and deepening individual skills is adopted. In Bloom’s original taxonomy of educational goals, the cognitive domain has five layers in the pyramid of knowledge;the psychomotor domain of Simpson’s has seven layers, and Bloom’s affective domain is represented by five in another pyramid. In addition, the above seven layers of the process model and the seven layers of the skill level of the Dreyfus model were brought together. The integration of the above five typologies becomes a useful educational evaluation model when the relationships are clarified.

Zinc-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes:Mechanism Underlying Pore Generation

Heat treatment of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)has provided a wide variety of functional carbons coordinated with metal compounds.In this study,two kinds of zinc-based MOF(ZMOF),C_(16)H_(10)O_(4)Zn(ZMOF1)and C_(8)H_(4)O_(4)Zn(ZMOF2),were prepared.ZMOF1 and ZMOF2 were carbonized at 1000℃,forming CZMOF1 and CZMOF2,respectively.The specific surface area(S_(BET))of CZMOF2 was~2700 m^(2)g^(−1),much higher than that of CZMOF1(~1300 m^(2)g^(−1)).A supercapacitor electrode based on CZMOF2 achieved specific capacitances of 360,278,and 221 F g^(−1)at 50,250,and 1000 mA g^(−1)in an aqueous electrolyte(H2SO_(4)),respectively,the highest values reported to date for ZMOF-derived electrodes under identical conditions.The practical applicability of the CZMOF-based supercapacitor was verified in non-aqueous electrolytes.The initial capacitance retention was 78%after 100000 charge/discharge cycles at 10 A g^(−1).Crucially,the high capacitance of CZMOF2 arises from pore generation during carbonization.Below 1000℃,pore generation is dominated by the Zn/C ratio of ZMOFs,as carbon atoms reduce the zinc oxides formed during carbonization.Above 1000℃,a high O/C ratio becomes essential for pore generation because the oxygen functional groups are pyrolyzed.These findings will provide insightful information for other metal-based MOFderived multifunctional carbons.

Developing Skills in Intra-Workplace Rehabilitation Education: I

Japan has an advanced healthcare system, on par with any developed country;at the same time, it is challenged by a rapidly aging population. In line with other countries, medical and paramedical training differs from college or university to when the graduates start working in the hospital wards;it seems like a new career to freshmen. Rehabilitation draws together the most varied professional teams treating patients from a range of specialists, and physical therapists generally receive very little intra-workplace skills training. The aim of this paper is to develop the first of a two-part educational model that is useful for the professional development of therapists working in rehabilitation medicine, by incorporating, at least, Shared Decision-Making and Narrative-Based Medicine. The most productive systems of analysis are Bloom’s psychomotor taxonomy and the Japanese DIKW system. The Japanese DIKW model of “chishin”, which is based on Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom, is similar to the professional attitude and rehabilitative mindset in the healthcare system, the convalescent rehabilitation wards. The individual, departmental, and hospital levels could all benefit from aspects of these systems. Rehabilitative medicine in Japanese terms is presented as a holistic medical care that heals the body and mind and restores dignity, such as personality and self-confidence, and it is also a place where unique Japanese cultural concepts such as “Ikigai” (reason to live) and “Omotenashi” (hospitality) can be nurtured as professional awareness.

On the Asymptotic Stability of Discrete Crocodilians Model

The sex ratio of crocodiles is strongly biased towards females, often as high as 10 females to 1 male. In crocodilians, the temperature of egg incubation is the environmental factor determining sex. If the temperature is low, around 30˚C, the hatchlings are all females. Higher temperature, around 34˚C, hatch all males. This study was made to consider the asymptotic stability of a positive equilibrium point in a nonlinear discrete model of the basic nesting population model, which is described in three-region depending on the temperature of egg incubation. This model is based on key life-historical data and Murray’s research. To study above, we have applied the classical linearization method and P. Cull’s method and moreover, we employ non-standard discretization methods for later our Equations (6)-(8) and (15).

Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Japanese Version of the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale

Background: Bonding disorders affect the growth and development of infants. In Japan, the Japanese version of the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS-J) is widely used for early detection of bonding disorders. Repeated use of a questionnaire has problems of reduced validity. In order to correctly detect bonding disorders at multiple time points, it is necessary to confirm the measurement invariance of the scale. Baba et al. reported that invariance of the MIBS-J factor structure could only be obtained by abridging the scale into three items. Purpose: The aim of this study was to 1) confirm the factor structure and measurement invariance of the MIBS-J between two measurement times and 2) to examine factors that can be used without being affected by measurement time in order to identify item that contribute to measure met invariance. Methods: We analysed the data of 1049 and 878 mothers with a neonate collected in two waves: 5 days (Wave 1) and 1 month postpartum (Wave 2). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on the data randomly divided into two groups in each wave. Results: The three-item model (MIBS-J items 1, 6, and 8) was most accepted. Measurement invariance and structural invariance were confirmed in the model. This was consistent with Baba et al.’s model. Conclusion: The three MIBS-J items showed measurement invariance and structural invariance in Japanese mothers during 1 month postpartum.

Vibration Frequency in Micro-Vibration Therapy in Nursing Care: A Cross-Sectional Study

This study investigated the vibration frequency in micro-vibration therapy (MVT) performed as a part of nursing care in Japan. We surveyed 31 nurses (25 women and 6 men) who performed MVT with accelerometers attached to the backs of their hands, and the data obtained were analyzed. The mean vibration frequency was 8.3 Hz (standard deviation [SD]: 1.9 Hz) bilaterally, with a left-right difference of 0.8 Hz (SD: 1.1 Hz, right > left). Furthermore, vibration frequency was correlated with duration of MVT use (rs = 0.5, P < 0.01). The vibration frequency was higher in men (9.2 Hz, SD: 2.4 Hz) than in women (8.1 Hz, SD: 1.8 Hz), but this difference was not significant (P = 0.34). The vibrations of MVT are of a lower frequency than those of other vibration therapies.

黑龙江依兰地区蓝片岩的变质演化P-T-t轨迹

黑龙江省依兰地区出露了一套经高压变质形成的蓝片岩、云母片岩、长英质糜棱岩和少量超基性岩及大理岩并经历了强变形作用改造,一直被认为是佳木斯地块与其西侧松嫩地块碰撞拼贴所形成的缝合带产物。本次研究,通过岩相学与矿物化学分析,根据矿物组合的不同,识别出研究区内三种不同类型的蓝片岩;并获得了绿帘蓝闪石片岩（T=350～550℃,P=10～14kbar）、蓝闪霓辉石片岩（T=350～550℃,P=10～14kbar）和石榴石冻蓝闪石片岩（T=500～540℃,P=10～12kbar）的峰期变质温压条件。结合前人发表的地质年代学数据,建立了变质演化P-T-t轨迹。其中,绿帘蓝闪石片岩具＂发卡式＂变质演化P-T-t轨迹;而蓝闪霓辉石片岩与石榴石冻蓝闪石片岩具顺时针的演化轨迹。我们推测其成因可能为不同类型的蓝片岩形成于不同的俯冲阶段,由动力学机制的变化所造成。该研究成果为进一步探索佳木斯地块与松嫩地块碰撞拼贴的构造演化过程提供重要的依据。

面孔表情和声音情绪信息整合对返回抑制的影响

返回抑制(inhibition of return,IOR)与情绪刺激都具有引导注意偏向、提高搜索效率的特点,但二者间是否存在一定的交互作用迄今为止尚不明确。研究采用“线索−目标”范式并在视听双通道呈现情绪刺激来考察情绪刺激的加工与IOR的交互作用。实验1中情绪刺激以单通道视觉面孔或一致的视听双通道呈现,实验2通过在视听通道呈现不一致的情绪刺激进一步考察视听双通道情绪一致刺激对IOR的影响是否是由听觉通道一致的情绪刺激导致的,即是否对听觉通道的情绪刺激进行了加工。结果发现,视听双通道情绪一致刺激能够削弱IOR,但情绪不一致刺激与IOR之间不存在交互作用,并且单双通道的IOR不存在显著差异。研究结果表明仅在视听双通道呈现情绪一致刺激时,才会影响同一阶段的IOR,这进一步支持了IOR的知觉抑制理论。

含尿素饲粮中添加果寡糖对幼兔氮利用、血液尿素氮向盲肠微生物氮转移的影响

本试验旨在研究含尿素饲粮中添加果寡糖(FOS)对荷兰幼兔氮利用、血液尿素氮向盲肠微生物氮转移的影响。试验1:选择3月龄左右的幼兔10只,随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复1只。2组分别在基础饲粮中添加10 g/kg尿素+50 g/kg葡萄糖(对照组)和10 g/kg尿素+50 g/kg FOS(试验组)。预试期3 d,正试期5 d。试验2:选择3月龄左右的幼兔12只,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只。2组分别饲喂与试验1相同的饲粮。试验期为9 d。屠宰前2 h试验动物分别口服2 g葡萄糖或FOS与40 mg ^(15)N-尿素混合的3 mL水溶液。所有的试验动物于08:00—09:00麻醉,并剖腹由背大动脉抽取动脉血处死。结果显示:1)试验组的氮沉积、基于摄入量的氮沉积和基于表观消化量的氮沉积均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组之间营养物质表观消化及摄入氮、粪氮和尿氮均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)试验组的盲肠内容物重量和盲肠内容物重量/体重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验组的盲肠内容物丙酸浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验组的盲肠内容物有机酸总量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)试验组的近端结肠内容物总氮的^(15)N过显现量和^(15)N添加量的百分比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。4)试验组肝脏内容物总蛋白氮含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),试验组盲肠内容物总蛋白氮含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。5)试验组近端结肠内容物总微生物氮含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),试验组的近端结肠内容物微生物氮的^(15)N过显现量和^(15)N添加量的百分比均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。6)试验组门静脉血血清尿素氮的^(15)N过显现比例显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,含有尿素饲粮中添加FOS可以显著提高荷兰幼兔体内氮沉积,但是饲粮蛋白质含量丰富时,不能使尿素转化为体内蛋白质。