The Diş Kayalıkları is one of the largest and most striking examples of crests in the world and is located between Eskidere and Boğazören villages of the İmranlı district of the Sivas province in Turkey. The cres...The Diş Kayalıkları is one of the largest and most striking examples of crests in the world and is located between Eskidere and Boğazören villages of the İmranlı district of the Sivas province in Turkey. The crests, which resemble castle walls when viewed from afar, have a real wall pattern due to the right-angled crack system of the bedrock when viewed closely. This study aims at investigating the geomorphological features of the Diş Kayalıkları and determining how the geological and geomorphological evolution of the Diş Kayalıkları took place and how the current formation mechanism continues. In the region, the mid-latitude continental climate prevails with cold humid winters and warm dry summers. The bedrock consists of Miocene bedded deposits of different resistance, folded by young tectonic movements. Diş Kayalıkları was formed by selective erosion of less resistant terrain around a pack of resistant rock on the steeper southern slope of an asymmetrical anticline. It has a length of 4750 m in the approximately northwest-southeast direction, a maximum height of 30 m, and a width varying between 5 and 8 m. In the present morphological appearance of the Diş Kayalıkları, it can be stated that the structure formed after the tectonic formation process was eroded under the control of the local climate and crest formation was realized. In the following process, the crest experienced a polycyclic process where different landforms were formed. There are smaller landforms such as karren, cave and rock window on Diş Kayalıkları, and macrofossil beds in some places. This highly attractive geomorphosite, unknown to wider public, should be investigated from various scientific aspects and should be brought to regional tourism by making the necessary infrastructure and promotion studies.展开更多
Soil quality determination and estimation is an important issue not only for terrestrial ecosystems but also for sustainable management of soils.In this study,soil quality was determined by linear and nonlinear standa...Soil quality determination and estimation is an important issue not only for terrestrial ecosystems but also for sustainable management of soils.In this study,soil quality was determined by linear and nonlinear standard scoring function methods integrated with a neutrosophic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process in the micro catchment.In addition,soil quality values were estimated using a support vector machine(SVM)in machine learning algorithms.In order to generate spatial distribution maps of soil quality indice values,different interpolation methods were evaluated to detect the most suitable semivariogram model.While the soil quality index values obtained by the linear method were determined between 0.458-0.717,the soil quality index with the nonlinear method showed variability at the levels of 0.433-0.651.There was no statistical difference between the two methods,and they were determined to be similar.In the estimation of soil quality with SVM,the normalized root means square error(NRMSE)values obtained in the linear and nonlinear method estimation were determined as 0.057 and 0.047,respectively.The spherical model of simple kriging was determined as the interpolation method with the lowest RMSE value in the actual and predicted values of the linear method while,in the nonlinear method,the lowest error in the distribution maps was determined with exponential of the simple kriging.展开更多
Tors are mound-like rock landforms,resistant to erosion,that may sometimes reach the size of several storeys of house by volume.They may develop in different climate regions and different rock types,led by granitic ro...Tors are mound-like rock landforms,resistant to erosion,that may sometimes reach the size of several storeys of house by volume.They may develop in different climate regions and different rock types,led by granitic rocks.In this study,tors developed in granitic rocks around Yaylal?village linked to Kürtün county in Gümü?hane were investigated.The study area is located in the eastern part of the Giresun mountain range in northeastern Turkey,2000-2300 m above sea level.The aim of the study is to determine the natural environmental characteristics in tor formation and to reveal the effect of bedrock on tor formation.During field studies,18 tors were selected by noting location,size and structural features,and dimensions were measured.Thin sections were first made from the rock samples taken from the tors and then the mineralogical composition was investigated by modal analysis method.As a result of this analysis,it was determined that the bedrock forming the tors is granite.During the field observations,it was determined that the intersecting vertical joints supported the formation of castle-like tors,while the horizontal joints supported the formation of pita pileshaped tors.There are also pseudokarstic shapes resembling kamenitza and karst pavement.In conclusion,joint sets causing local resistance differences directed the formation of tors,while excess slope affected surface erosion and suitability of climate conditions-controlled weathering rate.展开更多
In this article,we introduce a nonlinear Caputo-type snakebite envenoming model with memory.The well-known Caputo fractional derivative is used to generalize the previously presented integer-order model into a fractio...In this article,we introduce a nonlinear Caputo-type snakebite envenoming model with memory.The well-known Caputo fractional derivative is used to generalize the previously presented integer-order model into a fractionalorder sense.The numerical solution of the model is derived from a novel implementation of a finite-difference predictor-corrector(L1-PC)scheme with error estimation and stability analysis.The proof of the existence and positivity of the solution is given by using the fixed point theory.From the necessary simulations,we justify that the first-time implementation of the proposedmethod on an epidemicmodel shows that the scheme is fully suitable and time-efficient for solving epidemic models.This work aims to show the novel application of the given scheme as well as to check how the proposed snakebite envenoming model behaves in the presence of the Caputo fractional derivative,including memory effects.展开更多
The use of fog computing in the Internet of Things(IoT)has emerged as a crucial solution,bringing cloud services closer to end users to process large amounts of data generated within the system.Despite its advantages,...The use of fog computing in the Internet of Things(IoT)has emerged as a crucial solution,bringing cloud services closer to end users to process large amounts of data generated within the system.Despite its advantages,the increasing task demands from IoT objects often overload fog devices with limited resources,resulting in system delays,high network usage,and increased energy consumption.One of the major challenges in fog computing for IoT applications is the efficient deployment of services between fog clouds.To address this challenge,we propose a novel Optimal Foraging Algorithm(OFA)for task placement on appropriate fog devices,taking into account the limited resources of each fog node.The OFA algorithm optimizes task sharing between fog devices by evaluating incoming task requests based on their types and allocating the services to the most suitable fog nodes.In our study,we compare the performance of the OFA algorithm with two other popular algorithms:Genetic Algorithm(GA)and Randomized Search Algorithm(RA).Through extensive simulation experiments,our findings demonstrate significant improvements achieved by the OFA algorithm.Specifically,it leads to up to 39.06%reduction in energy consumption for the Elektroensefalografi(EEG)application,up to 25.86%decrease in CPU utilization for the Intelligent surveillance through distributed camera networks(DCNS)application,up to 57.94%reduction in network utilization,and up to 23.83%improvement in runtime,outperforming other algorithms.As a result,the proposed OFA algorithm enhances the system’s efficiency by effectively allocating incoming task requests to the appropriate fog devices,mitigating the challenges posed by resource limitations and contributing to a more optimized IoT ecosystem.展开更多
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill) is a staple fruit vegetable widely grown worldwide for its rich nutrients including vitamins, minerals and proteins. In spite of its importance, yield and fruit quality in Buea, Came...Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill) is a staple fruit vegetable widely grown worldwide for its rich nutrients including vitamins, minerals and proteins. In spite of its importance, yield and fruit quality in Buea, Cameroon is quite low compared to other countries. Pests and diseases are responsible for these limitations. Those of high importance are pinworm (Tatu absoluta) and Fusarium wilt respectively. Synthetic chemicals have been used to manage this pest/disease on tomato but this has not been very successful because of high cost and unavailability of these chemicals. Botanicals are known to have anti-microbial properties. 10% Leeks and marigold extracts were applied to tomato plants one week after planting. Five treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block. They include a control, a synthetic insecticide, leeks extract, marigold extract, and leeks/marigold extracts. Growth and yield parameters were evaluated and data obtained was analysed by descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Results showed that more tomato plant leaves were recorded in the leeks + marigold treatment (54) which differed significantly (P = 0.05) from the control (45). More fruits were harvested in the leeks + marigold treatment (32) which differed significantly (P = 0.05) from the control (18). Pinworm numbers were significantly higher in control (6) (P = 0.05) than the other treatments. Numerous leaf damage was observed in control (20) which differed significantly (P = 0.05) across treatments. More fruit damage was seen in control (14) and differed significantly (P = 0.05) from the other treatments. The least disease incidence was noted in Leeks + Marigold treatment (27.5%), and the most in control (72.5%) which differed significantly (P = 0.05) across treatments. Fusarium oxysporium and Fusarium semitectum were identified. There was a significant difference in pathogen number in control compared to other treatments. Thus leeks and marigold extract increased yield of tomato by mitigating the effects of leaf miner and fusarium wilt.展开更多
Oil palm is cultivated by agro-industries and smallholders for vegetable oil production. Good farm management practices with balanced soil and plant macronutrients are needed to attain optimum yields. Smallholder oil ...Oil palm is cultivated by agro-industries and smallholders for vegetable oil production. Good farm management practices with balanced soil and plant macronutrients are needed to attain optimum yields. Smallholder oil palm farmers of Dibombari Sub-Division, Cameroon, suffer from low on farm yields which could emanate from the agronomic practices implemented, which also has an influence on the soil and plant macronutrient status. This study provides information on the agronomic practices, soil and plant macronutrients status in smallholder oil palm fields. Structured questionnaires were administered to 200 farmers to collect data on their agronomic practices, using a stratified random sampling design. Soil and plants were sampled from plantations of different age groups (control, >0 - 4 years, >4 - 8 years and >8 - 15 years’ plantations) in four locations of the Sub-Division (i.e. Dibombari-central, Bonamateke, Bomono and Nkapa) using a randomized complete block design. Data collected, was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that 65% of farmers planted Tenera variety, with majority of them below the standards for weeding (81%), fertilizer use (100%), pruning (62%), pest/disease control (90.5%) and harvesting (96%) practices. Soil macronutrients were low across the different plantations except P which was optimal at >0 - 4 years and >4 - 8 years’ plantations but low at >8 - 15 years’ plantation. Similarly, for plant macronutrients, N and P were optimal across the different plantations, while K and Mg were optimal at >0 - 4 years’ plantation but low at >4 - 8 years and >8 - 15 years’ plantations. Thus, agronomic practices and macronutrient status of soil and plants were below standards in smallholder oil palm plantations of Dibombari, leading to low yields of fresh fruit bunches.展开更多
At least 600000 individuals worldwide annually die of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related diseases,such as chronic hepatitis B(CHB),liver cirrhosis(LC),and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Many viral factors,such as viral loa...At least 600000 individuals worldwide annually die of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related diseases,such as chronic hepatitis B(CHB),liver cirrhosis(LC),and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Many viral factors,such as viral load,genotype,and specific viral mutations,are known to affect disease progression.HBV reverse transcriptase does not have a proofreading function,therefore,many HBV genotypes,sub-genotypes,mutants,and recombinants emerge.Differences between genotypes in response to antiviral treatment have been determined.To date,10 HBV genotypes,scattered across different geographical regions,have been identified.For example,genotype A has a tendency for chronicity,whereas viral mutations are frequently encountered in genotype C.Both chronicity and mutation frequency are common in genotype D.LC and progression to HCC are more commonly encountered with genotypes C and D than the other genotypes.Pathogenic differences between HBV genotypes explain disease intensity,progression to LC,and HCC.In conclusion,genotype determination in CHB infection is important in estimating disease progression and planning optimal antiviral treatment.展开更多
AIM: Intrabiliary rupture (IBR) is a common and serious compli-cation of hepatic hydatid cyst. The incidence varies from 1% to 25%. The treatment of IBR is still controversial. We aimed to design an algorithm for the ...AIM: Intrabiliary rupture (IBR) is a common and serious compli-cation of hepatic hydatid cyst. The incidence varies from 1% to 25%. The treatment of IBR is still controversial. We aimed to design an algorithm for the treatment of hepatic hydatidosis with IBR by reviewing our cases.METHODS: Eight cases of IBR were analyzed retrospectively.Patients were evaluated according to age, sex, clinical findings, cyst number and stage, abdominal ultrasonography and CT-scan, surgical methods, complica-tions, results and coincidental diseases.RESULTS: Female/male ratio was 1/7. Mean age was 52.12±18.26 years (range 24-69 years). Right upper quadrant pain, flatulence, palpable hepatic mass were symptoms common in all patients. Cholestatic jaundice was found in four cases. In all patients, cyst evacuation and omento-plasty were performed, followed by either choledochod-uodenostomy, T-tube drainage, intracavitary suturing of the orifice, two cases in each. Whereas in two patients diagnosed post-operatively percutaneous drainage of biliary collection or ERCP and sphincteroplasty were added. Morbidity and hospital stay were higher in these cases.CONCLUSION: When the diagnosis of IBR can be done pre-or intra-operatively, morbidity decreases. If a biliary fistula is seen post-operatively, endoscopic procedures such as ERCP, sphincteroplasty or nasobiliary drainage can be applied.展开更多
Nowadays,the trend is to perform surgeries with"scarless"incisions.In light of this,the single-port laparoscopic surgery(SPLS)technique is rapidly becoming widespread due to its lack of invasiveness and its ...Nowadays,the trend is to perform surgeries with"scarless"incisions.In light of this,the single-port laparoscopic surgery(SPLS)technique is rapidly becoming widespread due to its lack of invasiveness and its cosmetic advantages,as the only entry point is usually hidden in the umbilicus.The interest in"scarless"liver resections did not grow as rapidly as the interest in other scarless surgeries.Hepatopancreatobiliary surgeons are reluctant to operate a malignant lesion through a narrowincision with limited exposure.There are concerns over adverse oncological outcomes for single-port laparoscopic liver resections(SPL-LR)for hepatocellular carcinoma or metastatic colorectal cancer.In addition,getting familiar with using the operating instruments through a narrow incision with limited exposure is very challenging.In this article,we reviewed the published literature to describe history,indications,contraindications,ideal patients for new beginners,technical difficulty,advantages,disadvantages,oncological concern and the future of SPL-LR.展开更多
Management of kidney stone disease in pediatric population is a challenging condition in urology practice. While the incidence of kidney stone is increasing in those group, technological innovations have conrtibuted t...Management of kidney stone disease in pediatric population is a challenging condition in urology practice. While the incidence of kidney stone is increasing in those group, technological innovations have conrtibuted to the development of minimally invasive treatment of urinary stone disease such as mini-percutenous nephrolitotomy(mini-PCNL), micro-PCNL, ultra mini-PCNL. In this review we tried to evaluate the effect of new teratment techniques on pediatric kidney stones.展开更多
·AIM: To determine the prevalence of ophthalmopathy in Hashimoto’s patients and to make a comparison in subgroups of patients·METHODS: The study involved 110 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients and 50 control...·AIM: To determine the prevalence of ophthalmopathy in Hashimoto’s patients and to make a comparison in subgroups of patients·METHODS: The study involved 110 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients and 50 control subjects attending to the endocrinology department of the hospital. Subgroup classification of patients was made as euthyroid,subclinic and clinic in Hashimato’s thyroiditis. All patients were evaluated by a single experienced ophthalmologist for the prevalence and characteristics of eye signs.·RESULTS:Theoverallprevalencesofeyechanges were22.7%(25 patients) in patients and 4%(2 persons) in control subjects respectively(P =0.002). In patients the most common symptom was retrobulbar eye pain with or without any eye movement. Thirteen patients had significant upper eyelid retraction(11.8%). Six patients had eye muscle dysfunction as reduced eye movements in up gaze. In control patients one person had proptosis and another had lid retraction. The clinical activity score and classification of the ophthalmopathy did not show any significant differences among subgroups.·CONCLUSION:Theeyesignsweremostlymild(22.7%)and the most common eye sign was the presence of upper eyelid retraction(11.8%). Additionally six patients had eye muscle dysfunction as reduced eye movements in up gaze. Therefore we recommend to make a routine ophthalmic examination in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients in order not to omit the associated ophthalmopathy.展开更多
Using the idea of Atanassov, we define the notion of intuitionistic Menger spaces as a netural generalizations of Menger spaces due to Menger. We also obtain a new generalized contraction mapping and utilize this cont...Using the idea of Atanassov, we define the notion of intuitionistic Menger spaces as a netural generalizations of Menger spaces due to Menger. We also obtain a new generalized contraction mapping and utilize this contraction mapping to prove the existance theorems of solutions to differential equations in intuitionistic Menger spaces.展开更多
Two cases of acute pancreatitis with leptospirosis are reported in this article. Case 1: A 68-year-old woman,presented initially with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting,and jaundice. She was in poor general condition, a...Two cases of acute pancreatitis with leptospirosis are reported in this article. Case 1: A 68-year-old woman,presented initially with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting,and jaundice. She was in poor general condition, and had acute abdominal signs and symptoms on physical examination. Emergency laparotomy was performed, acute pancreatitis and leptospirosis were diagnosed on the basis of surgical findings and serological tests. The patient died on postoperative d 6. Case 2: A 62-year-old man, presented with fever, jaundice, nausea, vomiting, and malaise. Acute pancreatitis associated with leptospirosis was diagnosed,according to abdominal CT scanning and serological tests.The patient recovered fully with antibiotic treatment and nutritional support within 19 d.展开更多
The relaxed elastic line of second kind on an oriented surface in the Minkowski space was defined and for the relaxed elastic line of second kind which is lying on an oriented surface the Euler-Lagrange equations were...The relaxed elastic line of second kind on an oriented surface in the Minkowski space was defined and for the relaxed elastic line of second kind which is lying on an oriented surface the Euler-Lagrange equations were derived. Furthermore, whether these curves lie on a curvature line or not was investigated and some applications were given.展开更多
Let G be a locally compact abelian group. The main purpose of this article is to find the space of multipliers from the Lorentz space. L(p1, q1)(G) to L(p'2, q'2)(G). For this reason, the authors define the ...Let G be a locally compact abelian group. The main purpose of this article is to find the space of multipliers from the Lorentz space. L(p1, q1)(G) to L(p'2, q'2)(G). For this reason, the authors define the space A p1,q1^ p2,p2(G), discuss its properties and prove that the space of multipliers from L(p1, q1)(G) to L(p'2, q'2)(G) is isometrically isomorphic to the dual of A p1,q1^p2,q2 (G).展开更多
基金supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Ondokuz May?s University with the project number PYO.FEN.1902.21.001。
文摘The Diş Kayalıkları is one of the largest and most striking examples of crests in the world and is located between Eskidere and Boğazören villages of the İmranlı district of the Sivas province in Turkey. The crests, which resemble castle walls when viewed from afar, have a real wall pattern due to the right-angled crack system of the bedrock when viewed closely. This study aims at investigating the geomorphological features of the Diş Kayalıkları and determining how the geological and geomorphological evolution of the Diş Kayalıkları took place and how the current formation mechanism continues. In the region, the mid-latitude continental climate prevails with cold humid winters and warm dry summers. The bedrock consists of Miocene bedded deposits of different resistance, folded by young tectonic movements. Diş Kayalıkları was formed by selective erosion of less resistant terrain around a pack of resistant rock on the steeper southern slope of an asymmetrical anticline. It has a length of 4750 m in the approximately northwest-southeast direction, a maximum height of 30 m, and a width varying between 5 and 8 m. In the present morphological appearance of the Diş Kayalıkları, it can be stated that the structure formed after the tectonic formation process was eroded under the control of the local climate and crest formation was realized. In the following process, the crest experienced a polycyclic process where different landforms were formed. There are smaller landforms such as karren, cave and rock window on Diş Kayalıkları, and macrofossil beds in some places. This highly attractive geomorphosite, unknown to wider public, should be investigated from various scientific aspects and should be brought to regional tourism by making the necessary infrastructure and promotion studies.
文摘Soil quality determination and estimation is an important issue not only for terrestrial ecosystems but also for sustainable management of soils.In this study,soil quality was determined by linear and nonlinear standard scoring function methods integrated with a neutrosophic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process in the micro catchment.In addition,soil quality values were estimated using a support vector machine(SVM)in machine learning algorithms.In order to generate spatial distribution maps of soil quality indice values,different interpolation methods were evaluated to detect the most suitable semivariogram model.While the soil quality index values obtained by the linear method were determined between 0.458-0.717,the soil quality index with the nonlinear method showed variability at the levels of 0.433-0.651.There was no statistical difference between the two methods,and they were determined to be similar.In the estimation of soil quality with SVM,the normalized root means square error(NRMSE)values obtained in the linear and nonlinear method estimation were determined as 0.057 and 0.047,respectively.The spherical model of simple kriging was determined as the interpolation method with the lowest RMSE value in the actual and predicted values of the linear method while,in the nonlinear method,the lowest error in the distribution maps was determined with exponential of the simple kriging.
文摘Tors are mound-like rock landforms,resistant to erosion,that may sometimes reach the size of several storeys of house by volume.They may develop in different climate regions and different rock types,led by granitic rocks.In this study,tors developed in granitic rocks around Yaylal?village linked to Kürtün county in Gümü?hane were investigated.The study area is located in the eastern part of the Giresun mountain range in northeastern Turkey,2000-2300 m above sea level.The aim of the study is to determine the natural environmental characteristics in tor formation and to reveal the effect of bedrock on tor formation.During field studies,18 tors were selected by noting location,size and structural features,and dimensions were measured.Thin sections were first made from the rock samples taken from the tors and then the mineralogical composition was investigated by modal analysis method.As a result of this analysis,it was determined that the bedrock forming the tors is granite.During the field observations,it was determined that the intersecting vertical joints supported the formation of castle-like tors,while the horizontal joints supported the formation of pita pileshaped tors.There are also pseudokarstic shapes resembling kamenitza and karst pavement.In conclusion,joint sets causing local resistance differences directed the formation of tors,while excess slope affected surface erosion and suitability of climate conditions-controlled weathering rate.
文摘In this article,we introduce a nonlinear Caputo-type snakebite envenoming model with memory.The well-known Caputo fractional derivative is used to generalize the previously presented integer-order model into a fractionalorder sense.The numerical solution of the model is derived from a novel implementation of a finite-difference predictor-corrector(L1-PC)scheme with error estimation and stability analysis.The proof of the existence and positivity of the solution is given by using the fixed point theory.From the necessary simulations,we justify that the first-time implementation of the proposedmethod on an epidemicmodel shows that the scheme is fully suitable and time-efficient for solving epidemic models.This work aims to show the novel application of the given scheme as well as to check how the proposed snakebite envenoming model behaves in the presence of the Caputo fractional derivative,including memory effects.
文摘The use of fog computing in the Internet of Things(IoT)has emerged as a crucial solution,bringing cloud services closer to end users to process large amounts of data generated within the system.Despite its advantages,the increasing task demands from IoT objects often overload fog devices with limited resources,resulting in system delays,high network usage,and increased energy consumption.One of the major challenges in fog computing for IoT applications is the efficient deployment of services between fog clouds.To address this challenge,we propose a novel Optimal Foraging Algorithm(OFA)for task placement on appropriate fog devices,taking into account the limited resources of each fog node.The OFA algorithm optimizes task sharing between fog devices by evaluating incoming task requests based on their types and allocating the services to the most suitable fog nodes.In our study,we compare the performance of the OFA algorithm with two other popular algorithms:Genetic Algorithm(GA)and Randomized Search Algorithm(RA).Through extensive simulation experiments,our findings demonstrate significant improvements achieved by the OFA algorithm.Specifically,it leads to up to 39.06%reduction in energy consumption for the Elektroensefalografi(EEG)application,up to 25.86%decrease in CPU utilization for the Intelligent surveillance through distributed camera networks(DCNS)application,up to 57.94%reduction in network utilization,and up to 23.83%improvement in runtime,outperforming other algorithms.As a result,the proposed OFA algorithm enhances the system’s efficiency by effectively allocating incoming task requests to the appropriate fog devices,mitigating the challenges posed by resource limitations and contributing to a more optimized IoT ecosystem.
文摘Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill) is a staple fruit vegetable widely grown worldwide for its rich nutrients including vitamins, minerals and proteins. In spite of its importance, yield and fruit quality in Buea, Cameroon is quite low compared to other countries. Pests and diseases are responsible for these limitations. Those of high importance are pinworm (Tatu absoluta) and Fusarium wilt respectively. Synthetic chemicals have been used to manage this pest/disease on tomato but this has not been very successful because of high cost and unavailability of these chemicals. Botanicals are known to have anti-microbial properties. 10% Leeks and marigold extracts were applied to tomato plants one week after planting. Five treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block. They include a control, a synthetic insecticide, leeks extract, marigold extract, and leeks/marigold extracts. Growth and yield parameters were evaluated and data obtained was analysed by descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Results showed that more tomato plant leaves were recorded in the leeks + marigold treatment (54) which differed significantly (P = 0.05) from the control (45). More fruits were harvested in the leeks + marigold treatment (32) which differed significantly (P = 0.05) from the control (18). Pinworm numbers were significantly higher in control (6) (P = 0.05) than the other treatments. Numerous leaf damage was observed in control (20) which differed significantly (P = 0.05) across treatments. More fruit damage was seen in control (14) and differed significantly (P = 0.05) from the other treatments. The least disease incidence was noted in Leeks + Marigold treatment (27.5%), and the most in control (72.5%) which differed significantly (P = 0.05) across treatments. Fusarium oxysporium and Fusarium semitectum were identified. There was a significant difference in pathogen number in control compared to other treatments. Thus leeks and marigold extract increased yield of tomato by mitigating the effects of leaf miner and fusarium wilt.
文摘Oil palm is cultivated by agro-industries and smallholders for vegetable oil production. Good farm management practices with balanced soil and plant macronutrients are needed to attain optimum yields. Smallholder oil palm farmers of Dibombari Sub-Division, Cameroon, suffer from low on farm yields which could emanate from the agronomic practices implemented, which also has an influence on the soil and plant macronutrient status. This study provides information on the agronomic practices, soil and plant macronutrients status in smallholder oil palm fields. Structured questionnaires were administered to 200 farmers to collect data on their agronomic practices, using a stratified random sampling design. Soil and plants were sampled from plantations of different age groups (control, >0 - 4 years, >4 - 8 years and >8 - 15 years’ plantations) in four locations of the Sub-Division (i.e. Dibombari-central, Bonamateke, Bomono and Nkapa) using a randomized complete block design. Data collected, was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that 65% of farmers planted Tenera variety, with majority of them below the standards for weeding (81%), fertilizer use (100%), pruning (62%), pest/disease control (90.5%) and harvesting (96%) practices. Soil macronutrients were low across the different plantations except P which was optimal at >0 - 4 years and >4 - 8 years’ plantations but low at >8 - 15 years’ plantation. Similarly, for plant macronutrients, N and P were optimal across the different plantations, while K and Mg were optimal at >0 - 4 years’ plantation but low at >4 - 8 years and >8 - 15 years’ plantations. Thus, agronomic practices and macronutrient status of soil and plants were below standards in smallholder oil palm plantations of Dibombari, leading to low yields of fresh fruit bunches.
文摘At least 600000 individuals worldwide annually die of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related diseases,such as chronic hepatitis B(CHB),liver cirrhosis(LC),and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Many viral factors,such as viral load,genotype,and specific viral mutations,are known to affect disease progression.HBV reverse transcriptase does not have a proofreading function,therefore,many HBV genotypes,sub-genotypes,mutants,and recombinants emerge.Differences between genotypes in response to antiviral treatment have been determined.To date,10 HBV genotypes,scattered across different geographical regions,have been identified.For example,genotype A has a tendency for chronicity,whereas viral mutations are frequently encountered in genotype C.Both chronicity and mutation frequency are common in genotype D.LC and progression to HCC are more commonly encountered with genotypes C and D than the other genotypes.Pathogenic differences between HBV genotypes explain disease intensity,progression to LC,and HCC.In conclusion,genotype determination in CHB infection is important in estimating disease progression and planning optimal antiviral treatment.
文摘AIM: Intrabiliary rupture (IBR) is a common and serious compli-cation of hepatic hydatid cyst. The incidence varies from 1% to 25%. The treatment of IBR is still controversial. We aimed to design an algorithm for the treatment of hepatic hydatidosis with IBR by reviewing our cases.METHODS: Eight cases of IBR were analyzed retrospectively.Patients were evaluated according to age, sex, clinical findings, cyst number and stage, abdominal ultrasonography and CT-scan, surgical methods, complica-tions, results and coincidental diseases.RESULTS: Female/male ratio was 1/7. Mean age was 52.12±18.26 years (range 24-69 years). Right upper quadrant pain, flatulence, palpable hepatic mass were symptoms common in all patients. Cholestatic jaundice was found in four cases. In all patients, cyst evacuation and omento-plasty were performed, followed by either choledochod-uodenostomy, T-tube drainage, intracavitary suturing of the orifice, two cases in each. Whereas in two patients diagnosed post-operatively percutaneous drainage of biliary collection or ERCP and sphincteroplasty were added. Morbidity and hospital stay were higher in these cases.CONCLUSION: When the diagnosis of IBR can be done pre-or intra-operatively, morbidity decreases. If a biliary fistula is seen post-operatively, endoscopic procedures such as ERCP, sphincteroplasty or nasobiliary drainage can be applied.
文摘Nowadays,the trend is to perform surgeries with"scarless"incisions.In light of this,the single-port laparoscopic surgery(SPLS)technique is rapidly becoming widespread due to its lack of invasiveness and its cosmetic advantages,as the only entry point is usually hidden in the umbilicus.The interest in"scarless"liver resections did not grow as rapidly as the interest in other scarless surgeries.Hepatopancreatobiliary surgeons are reluctant to operate a malignant lesion through a narrowincision with limited exposure.There are concerns over adverse oncological outcomes for single-port laparoscopic liver resections(SPL-LR)for hepatocellular carcinoma or metastatic colorectal cancer.In addition,getting familiar with using the operating instruments through a narrow incision with limited exposure is very challenging.In this article,we reviewed the published literature to describe history,indications,contraindications,ideal patients for new beginners,technical difficulty,advantages,disadvantages,oncological concern and the future of SPL-LR.
文摘Management of kidney stone disease in pediatric population is a challenging condition in urology practice. While the incidence of kidney stone is increasing in those group, technological innovations have conrtibuted to the development of minimally invasive treatment of urinary stone disease such as mini-percutenous nephrolitotomy(mini-PCNL), micro-PCNL, ultra mini-PCNL. In this review we tried to evaluate the effect of new teratment techniques on pediatric kidney stones.
文摘·AIM: To determine the prevalence of ophthalmopathy in Hashimoto’s patients and to make a comparison in subgroups of patients·METHODS: The study involved 110 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients and 50 control subjects attending to the endocrinology department of the hospital. Subgroup classification of patients was made as euthyroid,subclinic and clinic in Hashimato’s thyroiditis. All patients were evaluated by a single experienced ophthalmologist for the prevalence and characteristics of eye signs.·RESULTS:Theoverallprevalencesofeyechanges were22.7%(25 patients) in patients and 4%(2 persons) in control subjects respectively(P =0.002). In patients the most common symptom was retrobulbar eye pain with or without any eye movement. Thirteen patients had significant upper eyelid retraction(11.8%). Six patients had eye muscle dysfunction as reduced eye movements in up gaze. In control patients one person had proptosis and another had lid retraction. The clinical activity score and classification of the ophthalmopathy did not show any significant differences among subgroups.·CONCLUSION:Theeyesignsweremostlymild(22.7%)and the most common eye sign was the presence of upper eyelid retraction(11.8%). Additionally six patients had eye muscle dysfunction as reduced eye movements in up gaze. Therefore we recommend to make a routine ophthalmic examination in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients in order not to omit the associated ophthalmopathy.
文摘Using the idea of Atanassov, we define the notion of intuitionistic Menger spaces as a netural generalizations of Menger spaces due to Menger. We also obtain a new generalized contraction mapping and utilize this contraction mapping to prove the existance theorems of solutions to differential equations in intuitionistic Menger spaces.
文摘Two cases of acute pancreatitis with leptospirosis are reported in this article. Case 1: A 68-year-old woman,presented initially with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting,and jaundice. She was in poor general condition, and had acute abdominal signs and symptoms on physical examination. Emergency laparotomy was performed, acute pancreatitis and leptospirosis were diagnosed on the basis of surgical findings and serological tests. The patient died on postoperative d 6. Case 2: A 62-year-old man, presented with fever, jaundice, nausea, vomiting, and malaise. Acute pancreatitis associated with leptospirosis was diagnosed,according to abdominal CT scanning and serological tests.The patient recovered fully with antibiotic treatment and nutritional support within 19 d.
文摘The relaxed elastic line of second kind on an oriented surface in the Minkowski space was defined and for the relaxed elastic line of second kind which is lying on an oriented surface the Euler-Lagrange equations were derived. Furthermore, whether these curves lie on a curvature line or not was investigated and some applications were given.
文摘Let G be a locally compact abelian group. The main purpose of this article is to find the space of multipliers from the Lorentz space. L(p1, q1)(G) to L(p'2, q'2)(G). For this reason, the authors define the space A p1,q1^ p2,p2(G), discuss its properties and prove that the space of multipliers from L(p1, q1)(G) to L(p'2, q'2)(G) is isometrically isomorphic to the dual of A p1,q1^p2,q2 (G).