Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Pediatric Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment on Senegalese Black Population

Background: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in children is particular by its severity and challenging treatment. Purpose: To describe the clinical and therapeutic characteristics of pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Method: We retrospectively included files of pediatric patients (aged 0 to 15 years), clinically diagnosed with rhematogenous retinal detachment (RRD) between January 2015 and June 2019. The ophthalmological examination was as complete as the age of the patients allowed and a pediatric examination was systematically performed in all children. The data has been processed with Excel 2016 software. Results: 16 eyes of 11 patients were included. The hospital frequency of RRD was 3.37%, with a sex ratio of 1.75 and a mean age of 11.9 years. The average consultation time was 2 months. Contusive eye trauma was reported in 31.25% and myopia in 18.75%. The visual acuity ranged from no light perception to 20/400. The RRD was total in 81.25% and retinal lesions were found in 43.75%, including 25% atrophic holes and tears with lattice degeneration, 12.5% temporal retinal dialysis and one giant tear. Stage B of Proliferative vitreoretinopathy was found in 18.75% and stage C in 56.25%. Scleral buckling was performed in 37.5% and 23G pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil in 18.75%. The mean duration of follow-up was 24.6 months with anatomical success in 77.7% correlated with functional recovery in 55.5%. The RRD was persistent in one case and a recurrent RRD under silicone was observed in one eye. Two children underwent cataract surgery secondary to vitrectomy, and one case of ocular hypertonia under silicone was noted. Conclusion: Pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is a severe disease, with essentially traumatic etiology in older children. Delayed diagnosis is a factor in poor prognosis.

Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Pediatric Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment on Senegalese Black Population

Background: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in children is particular by its severity and challenging treatment. Purpose: To describe the clinical and therapeutic characteristics of pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Method: We retrospectively included files of pediatric patients (aged 0 to 15 years), clinically diagnosed with rhematogenous retinal detachment (RRD) between January 2015 and June 2019. The ophthalmological examination was as complete as the age of the patients allowed and a pediatric examination was systematically performed in all children. The data has been processed with Excel 2016 software. Results: 16 eyes of 11 patients were included. The hospital frequency of RRD was 3.37%, with a sex ratio of 1.75 and a mean age of 11.9 years. The average consultation time was 2 months. Contusive eye trauma was reported in 31.25% and myopia in 18.75%. The visual acuity ranged from no light perception to 20/400. The RRD was total in 81.25% and retinal lesions were found in 43.75%, including 25% atrophic holes and tears with lattice degeneration, 12.5% temporal retinal dialysis and one giant tear. Stage B of Proliferative vitreoretinopathy was found in 18.75% and stage C in 56.25%. Scleral buckling was performed in 37.5% and 23G pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil in 18.75%. The mean duration of follow-up was 24.6 months with anatomical success in 77.7% correlated with functional recovery in 55.5%. The RRD was persistent in one case and a recurrent RRD under silicone was observed in one eye. Two children underwent cataract surgery secondary to vitrectomy, and one case of ocular hypertonia under silicone was noted. Conclusion: Pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is a severe disease, with essentially traumatic etiology in older children. Delayed diagnosis is a factor in poor prognosis.

Eyelid Wounds: Epidemiological, Clinical and Etiological Aspects

Purpose: The aim is to show epidemiological, clinical and etiological characteristics of palpebral wounds. Methodology: This was a retrospective study focusing on patients with an eyelid wound, over a 10-year period from 2012 to 2021. We collected and analyzed the data using Excel. Results: The frequency of eyelid wounds was 0.1%. The average age of our patients was 19.38 years with a range of 1 and 62 years. The sex ratio was 3.7. Eighty-one percent of patients lived in Dakar. Fifty-seven percent (57%) of patients consulted less than 24 hours after the trauma and 7% of patients on D1. The circumstances were brawls (11%), domestic accidents (9%), road accidents (6%), and work accidents (6%). We noted 1 case of dog bite. Thirteen patients presented with post-traumatic decreased visual acuity. Involvement of the isolated upper eyelid was noted in 40% of cases and both eyelids in 15% of cases. Involvement of the lacrimal ducts was noted in 17% of cases, and that of the free edge in 21% of cases. Eyelid wounds were associated with eyeball damage in 21% of cases. Various associated lesions were observed. Ninety-one percent of patients received surgical treatment. Three cases of superinfections, 1 case of conjunctival granuloma and 1 case of phthysis of the eyeball with postoperative retinal detachment were noted. Conclusion: Eyelid sores are relatively common in our context. They require rapid surgical treatment in order to preserve the functional and aesthetic prognosis. .

Phenotypical Aspects of a Familial Syndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa

Aim: To report a familial case of syndromic retinitis pigmentosa identified at Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar and to describe their clinical characteristics ophthalmic. Observation: We report a sibling group of nine children, four died at a young age from unknown causes. Three children were affected by retinitis pigmentosa, two cases were syndromic. A history of nyctalopia was found in all three affected children. The mean age of onset of decreased visual acuity was 6.6 years. Patient 1 affected by syndromic retinitis pigmentosa had an extraocular sign of cystic dilation of the main bile duct. Patient 2 had myoclonic epilepsy, psychomotor retardation, and the molar tooth sign on cerebral MRI (highly suggestive of Joubert syndrome). The third child had isolated retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmological examinations (fundus examination, electroretinogram, and visual evoked potentials) and pediatric examinations in the remaining two children were normal. Discussion and Conclusion: Retinitis pigmentosa is a rare degenerative disease that can be associated with several other malformations, highlighting the importance of screening for associated conditions. It presents a grim functional prognosis and a life prognosis dependent on extraocular manifestations. Molecular biology (karyotyping, next-generation sequencing) could have identified the implicated genes and allowed for a formal diagnosis and genetic counseling.