Effect of harvest time on the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of Gannan navel orange(Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck 'Newhall')juice

The present study investigates the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of juice from the Gannan navel orange, which is harvested at one-to two-week intervals during the ripening period. The total soluble solid(TSS), total polyphenol content(TPC), total flavonoid content(TFC), sucrose and hesperidin contents gradually increase with the ripening of the fruit, followed by slight declines at the late maturity stage. Contrary to these observations, the contents of titratable acid(TA), vitamin C(Vc), and limonin trend downward throughout the ripening period. However, the contents of fructose, glucose, and narirutin fluctuate throughout the harvest time. Three in vitro antioxidant assays consistently indicate that the harvest time exerts no significant influence(P>0.01) on the antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, principal component analysis(PCA) and Pearson’s correlation test are performed to provide an overview of the complete dataset.This study provides valuable information for evaluating the fruit quality and determining when to harvest the fruit in order to meet the preferences of consumers. Meanwhile, our observations suggest that the fruits subjected to juice processing should be harvested at the late maturity stage to alleviate the "delayed bitterness" problem without compromising the antioxidant capacity and the flavonoid content in the juice.

The effects of rootstocks on performances of three late-ripening navel orange varieties

Selection of rootstock is very important for citrus production. Besides its major role on resistance, the rootstock also can affect fruit production and quality. Currently, the main concerns on selection of rootstock for citrus production are compatibility and resistance, due to less information on the impacts of rootstock to the performance of scion varieties. This study aims to provide information on performances of navel orange varieties on different rootstocks. Three late-ripening navel orange varieties(Citrus sinensis var. Powell, Chislett and Banfield) grafted on seven rootstocks(Swingle citrumelo(C. paradisi× P. trifoliata), Carrizo citrange(C. sinensis×P. trifoliata), X639(C. reticulata×P. trifoliata), MXT(C. sinensis×P. trifoliata), Hongju(C. reticulata), Ziyang Xiangcheng(C. junos) and trifoliate orange(P. trifoliata)) were used as plant materials for comprehensive comparison of the performances on tree growth, fruit yield and quality in 21 scion–stock combinations. Investigation was carried out in these combinations in field nine years after planting. Vigorous growth of all the three late-ripening navel orange varieties was observed on Carrizo citrange with the largest canopy volume at 33.34 m3 and the highest yield at 29.43 kg per tree, but a low yield efficiency at 2.87 kg m–3. On the contrary, those on trifoliate orange had the smallest canopy volume at 10.79 m3 and the lowest fruit yield at 12.51 kg per tree, but the highest yield efficiency at 3.95 kg m–3. Rootstocks did not show significant effects on fruit size, fruit shape index, peel thickness and the edible rate of the fruits, but fruit quality was significantly affected by the rootstocks. Fruits from the trees grafted on trifoliate orange presented the best quality with significantly higher total soluble solids(TSS) content than those on Ziyang Xiangcheng and Hongju, and also the highest ratio of TSS/titratable acidity(TA). The TA content was observed from the fruits on X639 at 0.59 g 100 mL–1. Vitamin C(Vc) content of fruits on Hongju was the highest at 49.25 mg 100 mL–1. Growth vigor of the trees was positively correlated with fruit yield at an extremely significant level. The canopy volume was negatively correlated with yield efficiency, but positively correlated with compatibility index. Results of this study indicated that the rootstock has great impacts on the growth vigor of the tree, yield efficiency and quality of the fruit. In order to achieve good quality and yield efficiency for navel orange production, less growth vigor rootstock such as trifoliate orange is highly recommended.

AFLP and MSAP Analysis of ‘Lane Late’ Navel Orange and Its Bud Sport Pumpkin-like Navel Orange

[Objectives]The paper was to analyze the differences of genes and genome methylation between‘lane late’navel orange and it’s bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange,and to reveal the causes of bud sport.[Methods]Amplification fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)and methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism(MSAP)were used to analyze the differences in genes and genome methylation of‘lane late’navel orange and its bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange.[Results]Gene mutation occurred between the‘lane late’navel orange and its bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange.A total of 15 differential bands were obtained by AFLP markers,and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 6.0000%.Meantime,10 differential bands were obtained by MSAP markers,and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 5.4645%.The semimethylation rate and permethylation rate of‘lane late’navel orange were higher than that of pumpkin-like navel orange,that is,pumpkin-like navel orange had demethylation(demethylation ratio was 1.6393%).[Conclusions]It is proved at the DNA level that the emergence of bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange is due to gene mutation,and the DNA methylation level of the bud sport material has also changed.This study lays a foundation for further exploring the mechanism of bud sport.

Rationale for reconsidering current regulations restricting use of hybrids in orange juice

Huanglongbing(HLB)is a disease that has devastated the Florida citrus industry,threatens the entire U.S.citrus industry,and globally is rapidly spreading.Florida’s citrus production is 90%sweet orange,which is quite sensitive to HLB.The heavy reliance on sweet orange for Florida citrus production makes the industry especially vulnerable to diseases that are damaging to this type of citrus.Furthermore,90%of Florida oranges are used in producing orange juice that is defined by a federal regulation known as the“orange juice standard”,specifying that at least 90%of“orange juice”must be derived from Citrus sinensis.Genomic analyses definitively reveal that sweet orange is not a true species,but just one of many introgression hybrids of C.reticulata and C.maxima,with phenotypic diversity resulting from accumulated mutations in this single hybrid,the“sweet orange”.No other fruit industry is limited by law to such a narrow genetic base.Fortunately,there are new citrus hybrids displaying reduced sensitivity to HLB,and in some cases they produce juice,alone or in blends,that consumers would recognize as“orange juice”.Reconsidering current regulations on orange juice standards may permit use of such hybrids in“orange juice”,providing greater latitude for commercialization of these hybrids,leading to higher-quality orange juice and a more sustainable Florida orange juice industry.

Orange的通讯应用Libon登陆安卓

巴黎2013年4月18日电／美通社／一名称：Libon（现已在GooglePlay和AppStore（苹果应用商店）推出）简短介绍：Libon一最具创新性且最有用的全能通讯应用将改变您与重要人物交流的方式，现已登陆安卓（Android）系统，并升级至最新iOS应用版本主要功能：三位一体：免费通话、文本信息和智能私人可视语音邮件，适用任何网络Orange今天宣布在安卓系统上推出其全能通讯应用程序Libon。Libon可从GooglePlay免费下载，现在可以为安卓用户提供免费通话、智能信息和私人可视语音邮件等功能，安卓和iOS系统均可用。除美国外，Libon将在全球推出，美国将于下月晚些时候推出。Orange还宣布推出iOSLibon应用的2．2版本。

Orange以超3600家客户确立在法云计算领先地位

法国已有3600多家客户选择了Orange Business Services的云计算解决方案。其中有110家客户选择了其2011年10月推出的Flexible Computing Express基础设施即服务(IaaS)产品,另外有2500多家小型企业客户选择了2011年6月推出的Cloud Pro在线服务套件。

L’Orange电控共轨喷射系统在Win GD二冲程发动机上的应用

介绍了L’Orange电控共轨喷射系统的研发思路及经验,并就其在Win GD二冲程发动机上的应用做了说明。L’Orange喷油器部件可为新一代二冲程发动机配置喷油器提供更大的自由空间,以此来满足现在及未来更加严格的排放法规,并大幅降低油耗。

Vesicular transport-related genes in Diaphorina citri are involved in the process of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus infection

Asian citrus psyllid(ACP,Diaphorina citri)is the major vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(CLas),which is a bacterial pathogen causing the devastating citrus Huanglongbing(HLB)disease.Diaphorina citri is known to carry CLas in a persistent and propagative manner.Some studies have suggested that CLas may use the vesicular structures of D.citri cells as its propagation organelles.However,the mechanisms by which CLas enters the D.citri cells and how vesicle-mediated trafficking is involved remain unclear.In this study,we monitored the titer change of CLas in D.citri nymphs during the process of CLas acquisition from feeding on infected citrus plants.We found that the titer of CLas increased with the acquisition access period.After infection,there was a significant upregulation in the expression of several vesicular transport-related genes in D.citri.The titer of CLas was significantly reduced in the midgut and whole insect body when endocytosis and the endosome network in D.citri were inhibited.Furthermore,silencing the D.citri clathrin-heavy chain gene also led to a reduction in the CLas titer in D.citri.These results suggest that CLas infection upregulates the genes related to vesicular transport in D.citri,which facilitates the invasion of endocytosis-dependent pathogens.

Improvement of hepatic fibrosis after tenofovir disoproxil fumarate switching to tenofovir alafenamide for three years

BACKGROUND Both tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)are the first-line treatments for chronic hepatitis B(CHB).We have showed switching from TDF to TAF for 96 weeks resulted in further alanine aminotransferase(ALT)improvement,but data remain lacking on the long-term benefits of TDF switching to TAF on hepatic fibrosis.AIM To assess the benefits of TDF switching to TAF for 3 years on ALT,aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and hepatic fibrosis improvement in patients with CHB.METHODS A single center retrospective study on 53 patients with CHB who were initially treated with TDF,then switched to TAF to determine dynamic patterns of ALT,AST,AST to platelet ratio index(APRI),fibrosis-4(FIB-4)scores,and shear wave elastography(SWE)reading improvement at switching week 144,and the associated factors.RESULTS The mean age was 55(28-80);45.3%,males;15.1%,clinical cirrhosis;mean baseline ALT,24.8;AST,25.7 U/L;APRI,0.37;and FIB-4,1.66.After 144 weeks TDF switching to TAF,mean ALT and AST were reduced to 19.7 and 21,respectively.From baseline to switching week 144,the rates of ALT and AST<35(male)/25(female)and<30(male)/19(female)were persistently increased;hepatic fibrosis was also improved by APRI<0.5,from 79.2%to 96.2%;FIB-4<1.45,from 52.8%to 58.5%,respectively;mean APRI was reduced to 0.27;FIB-4,to 1.38;and mean SWE reading,from 7.05 to 6.30 kPa after a mean of 109 weeks switching.The renal function was stable and the frequency of patients with glomerular filtration rate>60 mL/min was increased from 86.5%at baseline to 88.2%at switching week 144.CONCLUSION Our data confirmed that switching from TDF to TAF for 3 years results in not only persistent ALT/AST improvement,but also hepatic fibrosis improvement by APRI,FIB-4 scores,as well as SWE reading,the important clinical benefits of long-term hepatitis B virus antiviral treatment with TAF.

In the Era of New Quality Productive Forces,How Can Cosmetics Enterprises Go with the Trend?

In 2024,a new mode of high-quality development and revolutionary innovation with“new quality productive forces”as the core is sweeping rapidly across China,involving traditional,emerging,future and many other industries.There is no exception to cosmetics production.Tendency:New quality productive forces as a new topicThe new quality productive force,highlighting“innovation”and“quality”,is an advanced productivity ecology with high-technology,high-efficiency and high-quality features,which has broken through the traditional economic growth mode and productivity development path,and conforms to the new development philosophy.

Implications of genetic testing and informed consent before and after genetic testing in individuals with cancer

Recent advancements in next generation sequencing have allowed for genetic information become more readily available in the clinical setting for those affected by cancer and by treating clinicians.Given the lack of access to geneticists,medical oncologists and other treating physicians have begun ordering and interpreting genetic tests for individuals with cancer through the process of"mainstreaming".While this process has allowed for quicker access to genetic tests,the process of"mainstreaming"has also brought several challenges including the dissemination of variants of unknown significance results,ordering of appropriate tests,and accurate interpretation of genetic results with appropriate followup testing and interventions.In this editorial,we seek to explore the process of informed consent of individuals before obtaining genetic testing and offer potential solutions to optimize the informed consent process including categorization of results as well as a layered consent model.

Buechel Pappas Resurfacing Shoulder Replacement: Evolution and over 40 Years of Clinical Experience

Background: Early exploration of the semi constrained “Floating-Socket” total shoulder replacement (TSR) in 1974 led to a proliferation of various unconstrained designs that allowed resection or retention of the humeral head, depending upon the pathological process involved. Degenerative glenohumeral arthritis with mild to moderate involvement of subchondral bone allowed for a resurfacing option, while severe humeral head involvement required a partial or full humeral head replacement attached to an intramedullary stem for fixation. All components evolved from cemented to cementless application by 1982. The purpose of this paper is to describe the progression of Buechel-Pappas (B-P) shoulder replacement development from the early 1970’s in both cemented and cement less applications. Methods: Clinical evaluations of “Floating-Socket” TSR, followed by B-P stem-type, resurfacing types, bipolar-type and revision components, all of which comprise the B-P Shoulder Replacement System, were performed over a 49-year period. Results: “Floating-Socket” implants improved the results of simple, constrained ball-in-socket designs, but generally failed by glenoid component loosening in both chimpanzee and human applications. Unconstrained resurfacing-type components, both anatomical humeral head and full proximal humeral components, were quite successful, with minimal failures observed in long-term studies. Bipolar salvage implants, used for severe proximal deficiencies, revisions and massive rotator cuff arthropathy, were also very successful;providing overhead range of motion in many patients. Conclusions: Resurfacing hemiarthroplasty, in patients with intact or repairable rotator cuff mechanisms, gave the most satisfactory results and were the least technically complicated to perform, requiring minimal instrumentation. Resurfacing of full proximal humeral deficiencies, using femoral resurfacing components, gave similar clinical results to more complex semi-constrained devices, also with less technical difficulties and simple instrumentation.

Research and Application of Artificial Intelligence in Electric Guitar Performance

The article explores the application of artificial intelligence technology in electric guitar playing.It delves into the advantages of artificial intelligence and its seamless integration into electric guitar performance.Additionally,it investigates the application of artificial intelligence technology through an intelligent playing robot.The research aims to offer substantial support for the advancement of artificial intelligence in electric guitar performance.

Nutraceutical potential of navel orange peel in diabetes management:The chemical profile,antioxidant,α-glucosidase inhibitory and antiglycation effects of its flavonoids

Oxidative damage,chronic hyperglycemia,and the formation of advanced glycation end products(AGEs)are important risk factors associated closely with diabetes and its complications.In the present study,the antidiabetic potential of navel orange peel was explored for the first time by evaluating the antioxidant,α-glucosidase inhibition,and antiglycation activities of its extracts and individual flavonoids.In total,seventeen flavonoids were identified from the peel extract,of which 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone,didymin and sinensetin were the most potent antioxidant,α-glucosidase inhibitor,and glycation inhibitor,respectively.In addition,the structure-activity relationship(SAR)studies of these flavonoids were performed in detail.Moreover,the most potent antidiabetic extract of navel orange peel was quantitatively analyzed by HPLC.The present results support the potent application of orange peel as a nutraceutical resource for diabetes management,and might be beneficial to the orange juice industry by providing useful information on the valorization of orange peel.

显花植物在提高节肢动物天敌控制害虫中的生态功能

由于农业集约化生产引起的非作物生境减少和农业化学品的过量使用减弱了农田生态系统中害虫天敌的自然控制作用。合理而有效地利用显花植物可以为害虫天敌提供食物来源和庇护场所,从而能有效地提高天敌对害虫的自然控制能力、减少化学农药的使用量。本文综述了显花植物对天敌种群的促进作用及其在果园、蔬菜和粮食作物等害虫防治中应用的最新进展,同时对进一步利用显花植物提高农业生态系统稳定性的发展方向进行了讨论。

中国北方草原草畜代谢能平衡分析与对策研究

草畜平衡是天然草地可持续利用和放牧家畜高效生产的前提,草畜平衡评估技术是实现草原保护,提高草地畜牧业可持续发展的基础。本研究建立了以代谢能为指标的草畜平衡评价方法,2008年冬以甘肃肃南草原和典型牧户为研究对象,通过草畜代谢能平衡分析了草畜平衡现状,应用研究试验,验证了实现草畜平衡的优化途径和对策。草畜平衡分析结果表明,在牧草生长期(6月-10月)家畜获得的代谢能高于家畜的维持需要,因此,家畜体重增加,生长速度最快;在枯草期(11月-次年5月)代谢能摄入量低于维持需要量,家畜掉膘,体重下降,夏草场的载畜量最大。冬季暖棚舍饲养殖能够降低家畜的代谢能需要,有助于实现草畜平衡。与对照组相比,暖棚养殖绵羊平均产毛量显著提高(P<0.05),提高了0.73kg/只,冷季体重损失减少14.9%,纯收入增加126.25元/只。产羔时间对草畜平衡具显著的影响,适当推迟产羔时间能够有效的改善草畜平衡状况。分别测定了4月和5月所产羔羊的生长发育情况和母羊体况,5月羔羊平均初生重、1月龄、2月龄体重显著高于4月份羔羊(P<0.05),但由于生长期短,5月羔羊出栏重较4月低4～5kg。草畜代谢能平衡是分析研究草畜平衡的科学、合理和准确的方法和技术,草畜代谢能平衡分析模型的准确度高,适用性强,有利于草原管理,所提出的改善草畜平衡的途径和策略可行性高。

基于多轨道卫星观测数据分析尼泊尔地震长波辐射特征

综合已经在红外异常提取中应用的涡度和RST(Robust Satellite Technique)算法优点,提出了红外异常指数算法.并基于长时间尺度的中国静止卫星FY-2D和美国极轨卫星NOAA长波辐射数据,应用RST和异常指数算法,分别对2015年4月25日尼泊尔M_s8.1和5月12日M_s7.5地震前后卫星长波辐射变化特征进行了分析,开展了多轨道、多时空分辨率长波辐射同步地震热红外特征研究.结果表明,运用RST算法,两次地震前后,未能在震中周围发现明显的长波辐射异常.运用异常指数算法:(1)对于NOAA卫星,4月15日在M_s8.1地震震中以西出现热红外异常,到4月24日震中以西约100 km处出现异常最大值,随后逐渐消失.5月10日在M_s7.5地震震中以东约200 km发现异常;(2)在NOAA卫星长波辐射异常发现最大值当日,采用FY-2D卫星每3 h的数据分析可发现红外异常的动态演化过程,弥补NOAA卫星分辨率不足.以上结果为利用多轨道卫星监测地震热辐射变化提供了依据.

探索促进寄生蜂生殖力的蜜源植物共性特征

通过布局合适的蜜源植物,以提高农田生态系统的害虫防控服务,已成为一种常用的生境管理技术。然而,如何筛选理想的蜜源植物是保护生物防治中迫切需要解决的现实问题。本研究通过室内试验构建蜜源植物对寄生蜂寄生能力影响的数据库,分析了不同蜜源植物的效应值与寄生蜂和蜜源植物关键生态特征的相关性。结果表明,花序类型是筛选蜜源植物的最重要特征,其中复伞形花序植物的花对寄生蜂寄生能力的促进作用最显著,而花单生、头状花序和穗状花序植物的对寄生蜂寄生能力的促进作用不明显。赤眼蜂等微小型寄生蜂的生殖潜力的高低对其取食蜜源植物后的寄生能力影响不显著。寄生蜂的寄主类型、种群类型等不会影响蜜源植物对赤眼蜂的寄生能力。

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of a wax deficient citrus mutant exhibiting jasmonic acid-mediated defense against fungal pathogens

Naturally,resistant crop germplasms are important resources for managing the issues of agricultural product safety and environment deterioration.We found a spontaneous mutant of‘Newhall’navel orange(Citrus sinensis Osbeck)(MT)with broad-spectrum protections against fungal pathogens in the orchard,postharvest-storage,and artificial inoculation conditions.To understand the defense mechanism of MT fruit,we constructed a genome-scale metabolic network that integrated metabolome and transcriptome datasets.The coordinated transcriptomic and metabolic data were enriched in two sub-networks,showing the decrease in very long chain fatty acid(by 41.53%)and cuticular wax synthesis(by 81.34%),and increase in the synthesis of jasmonic acid(JA)(by 95.23%)and JA-induced metabolites such as 5-dimethylnobietin(by 28.37%)in MT.Furthermore,cytological and biochemical analyses confirmed that the response to fungal infection in MT was independent of wax deficiency and was correlated with the levels of jasmonates,and the expression of plant defensin gene PDF1.2.Results of exogenous application of MeJA and JA inhibitors such as propyl gallate proved that JA-mediated defense contributes to the strong tolerance against pathogens in MT.Our results indicated that jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling are stimulated by the fatty acid redirection of MT,and participate in the tolerance of pathogenic fungi.

德国美利奴羊在甘肃春季主要舍饲行为观测研究

对舍饲状态下的德国美利奴羊反复进行昼夜24 h连续观测。结果表明:德国美利奴羊昼夜采食时间为424.88±44.86(min),反刍时间为626.12±7.87(min),睡眠时间为188.50±43.28(min)。采食、反刍多集中于白天,采食、反刍、睡眠三者时间之比为2.25∶3.32∶1。