Spectroscopic Electrochemical Properties and DFT Calculation of 1-Aryltriazenes

Electrochromic materials are of great interest for their potential in eyewear protection and data storage devices, as they change colors in response to electrochemical switching. While many of the systems currently used are based on inorganic materials, organic materials such as triazenes have emerged as viable alternatives due to their unique properties, including optical properties. Triazenes are a class of organic compounds with three consecutive nitrogen atoms in an acyclic arrangement, and they have been used for a variety of applications in medicinal and synthetic chemistry. However, the effects of solvents on the UV-visible absorption spectrum of triazenes have not been fully investigated. The neutral molecules of 3,3-diisopropyl-1-phenyltriazene and 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclopentyltriazene in acetonitrile, the UV-visible spectra corresponded respectively to HOMO → LUMO transitions with a large maximum absorption at 299.74 nm (4.1364 eV) and 299.57 nm (4.1387 eV) and the most intense oscillator strength (f = 0.6988) and (f = 0.7372). These results suggest that the electronic transitions of the compounds are highly influenced by the nature of the substituents on the triazene unit, as well as the solvent used in the experiment. The redox couple 0.92 and -0.44 V/Ag/AgCl is attributed to the phenyl group. Compound III showed an oxidation and reduction peak respectively -0.27 and -0.8 V/Ag/AgCl attributed to the phenyl molecule. The study concluded that all three compounds were electroactive and exhibited reversible characteristics with oxidizing/reducing couples. This study aims to contribute to research on the optical properties of triazenes compounds and the application of quantum chemical calculation methods for understanding their molecular structures. By investigating the solute-solvent interactions occurring in the solvation shell of the solutes, we aim to gain insights into the effects of solvents on the UV-visible absorption spectrum of triazenes. Our findings may have implications for the development of functionalized triazenes as potential electrochromic materials.

Imino Diels-Alder reactions:One-pot synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines

An efficient synthesis of tetrahydroquinoline derivatives is reported via three component coupling reactions of aldehydes and anilines with various dienophiles in the presence of a catalytic amount of perchloric acid adsorbed on silica gel（HClO;-SiO;） under mild reaction conditions.

P_2O_5 mediated rapid condensation of 2-aminothiophenol with aromatic aldehydes at ambient temperature

2-Arylbenzothiazoles formed in good yields（65-90%） by the condensation of aminothiophenols with aromatic aldehydes using P_2O_5 at ambient temperature.

Effects of Dracaena arborea(Dracaenaceae) on sexual dysfunction in 4 weeks hyperglycemic male rats

Objective:To investigate the effects of Dracaena arborea(D.arborea) on the sexual behavior parameters in experienced type-1 diabetic rats.Methods:Aqueous and ethanol(100 and 500mg/kg respectively)extracts of dried root barks of D.arborea.sildenafil citrate(1.44 mg/kg),trimethylamine-N-oxide(TMAO,20 mg/kg)and distilled water(110 mL/kg.were orally administered to 4 weeks streptozolocin-induced diabetic rats.Mount latency and frequency(ML.MF),intromission latency and frequency(IL,IF) and post-ejaculatory interval(PEI) were measured by ejaculating series during 90 min once a week for 4 weeks.Glycemia was determined at the beginning and at the end of the treatment Results:D.arborea did not show any major antihvperglycemic effects.Compared to the control group,a significant(P<0.05-0.001)increase in MF and IF was noticed in rats treated with sildenafil citrate(89.71% and 90.07% respectively),aqueous(500 mg/kg.88.08%and 88.749;respectively) and ethanol(100 mg/kg;89.53%and 89.17respectively) extracts of D.arborea after two weeks(series 1) of treatment.ML,IL and PEI were significantly(P<0.05-0.001) decreased after 4 weeks of daily treatment[sildenafil citrate(96.31.96.31%and 34.98%),and D.arborea aqueous 500 mg/kg(94.33.94.33% and 66.609;i and ethanol extracts 100 mg/kg(96.98.97.089;and 64.26%)].Conclusions:These aphrodisiac potentials of D.arborea in experienced diabetic rats could be due to the antioxidant and androgenic properties of phenols,flavonoids.saponins and sterols revealed in the plant extracts.

Selenization triggers deep reconstruction to produce ultrathin γ-NiOOH toward the efficient water oxidation

Transition metal chalcogenides will be in situ transformed into metal oxyhydroxides during oxygen evolution reaction(OER) process in alkaline medium.However,most of these compounds only undergo surface reconstruction under operating conditions,which contains a large percentage of inactive atoms in the core,thus limiting the exposure of the active sites.Here,we synthesize a Ni-Mo-Se precatalyst with three-dimensional hierarchical structure and develop a facile on-site electrochemical activation strategy for achieving deep reconstruction of the precatalyst.Using the combination of multiple spectroscopic characterizations and high resolution electron microscopy techniques,we unravel that the Ni-Mo-Se precatalyst is deeply reconstructed into γ-NiOOH with co-leaching of Mo and Se after the anodic oxidation.Such flower-like γ-NiOOH is constituted by distorted ultrathin nanosheets with a thickness of ~4.5 nm and contains abundant intercalated species such as water and OH^(-)/CO_(3)^(2-) thus offering a large quantity of accessible active sites.To reach the current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),the derived electrode requires an overpotential of only 244 mV,outperforming almost all the reported analogues.This work highlights the reconstruction chemistry and provides a simple method for the preparation of efficient OER electrocatalyst.

Application of Lignin and Its Derivatives as Slow/Controlled Release Materials in Agricultural Fields

Lignin is the main by-product of pulp and papermaking and is not effectively utilized. Conversion of industrial lignins into value-added materials is beneficial for the effective utilization of resources as well as for environmental protection. Because of their adsorptivity, slow-release property,biocompatibility, and biodegradability, lignin and its derivatives find potential applications as eco-friendly slow/controlled release materials in agricultural fields. This report reviews the recent research advances in lignin-based slow/controlled release fertilizers and pesticides.

Sulfur vacancies-doped Sb_(2)S_(3) nanorods as high-efficient electrocatalysts for dinitrogen fixation under ambient conditions

Tuning surface electron transfer process by sulfur(S)-vacancies engineering is an efficient strategy to develop high-efficient catalysts for electroreduction N_(2) reaction(NRR). Herein, the distinct Sb_(2)S_(3) nanorods with S-vacancies(Sv-Sb_(2)S_(3)) have been synthesized by a simple twostep method including hydrothermal and hydrogenation in H_(2)/Ar atmosphere, which shows improved performance for NRR with the NH_(3) yield rate of 10.85 μg h^(-1) mgcat^(-1) at-0.4 V vs. RHE, the faradaic efficiency(FE) of 3.75% at -0.3 V vs. RHE and excellent stability for 24 h, largely outperforming bulk Sb_(2)S_(3). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and density function theory(DFT) calculations demonstrate that the abundant S-vacancies can create an electron-deficient environment and modulate the electron delocalization in Sv-Sb_(2)S_(3), which can not only facilitate the N_(2) molecule adsorption, but also activate the N≡N, resulting in the enhanced performance for NRR.

Cellulose Fibre from Schinus molle and Its Characterization

The exploitation of biomass represents a major environmental challenge related to the protection of the environment and the progressive exhaust of fossil resources.In this perspective,the main objective of this work is the extraction and the characterization of natural lignocellulosic fibers from the Schinus molle.The cellulose fibre extraction was investigated employing conditions of alkali treatment.After the alkaline steps,a bleaching treatment was done and let to a yield about 45%pure cellulose.The identification of the chemical composition of Schinus molle reveals that this raw material contains a high level of biopolymers with a cellulose rate of 53.2%.Extracted cellulose fibers have been characterized by several techniques such as scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared,X-ray diffraction,Morfi,and by the determination of their degree of polymerization.FT-IR results confirm the purity of the cellulosic fibers,and XRD analysis reveals that the crystallinity increases after the delignification and bleaching treatments.

Optimization Study of the Removal of Atrazine from Aqueous Solution on to Composite Activated Carbon-Silver Using Response Surface Methodology

Activated carbon based oil palm shells were prepared by physical activation using steam which was further grafted with silver. The Response Surface Methodology (Doehlert design) was used to optimize both the impregnation of silver and the atrazine removal. The effects of three variables of preparation conditions of the composite activated Carbon-Silver (AC-Ag): Concentration of silver, impregnation temperature and impregnation time on the atrazine removal (Y1) was investigated on one hand. In another hand, three variables of atrazine removal from liquid phase: Temperature, pH and ratio of Atrazine/CaCl2 (r(Atraz/CaCl2)) on the adsorption capacity of atrazine (Y2) were also investigated. Based on the Doehlert designs, the quadratic models were developed to correlate the preparation variables and the adsorption variables to the response. The optimum conditions of preparation of AC-Ag were found to be: Concentration of silver of 0.063 mol/L, impregnation temperature of 223℃, impregnation time of 1.3 hand atrazine removal of 384.62 mg/g. The optimum conditions of atrazine adsorption were found to be: Temperature of 25.0℃, pH of 7.7 and r(Atraz/CaCl2) of 0.37 which gave 209 mg/g of atrazine adsorption capacity. These results demonstrated that the preparation and adsorption conditions have a significant influence on the removal of atrazine.

Evaluation of the Preventive and Therapeutic Activities of <i>Tridax procumbens</i>against Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia Induced in Wistar Rats

From the Asteraceaes family, Tridax procumbens is a wild species frequently found in fields, meadows and roadsides. It is traditionally used to treat yellow fever, typhoid fever, high blood pressure and diabetes. In this work we used the hydro-ethanolic extract of the leaves and stems of the plant and also the fractions of this extract to determine the preventive and therapeutic activities of the plant against obesity, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. The yields of the fractions obtained by decantation of the hydro-ethanolic extract are respectively 0.160% with hexane, 0.073% with dichloromethane, 0.09% with diethyl ether and 0.150% with ethyl acetate. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia were induced in the rats submitted to a fatty and sweet diet for 28 days. Our results showed a significant increase in glycemia, weight and triglyceride level in rats that were subjected to the diet. On the other hand, the rats treated with the dose of 500 mg/kg of body weight of Tridax procumbens extract during the induction showed a reduction in weight gain and an absence of increase in blood sugar and triglyceride levels. The ethyl acetate fraction of Tridax procumbens extract administered to fatty and hyperglycemic rats at 50 mg/kg of body weight for 14 days did not induce change in the blood sugar and triglycerides level of fatty and hyperglycemic rats. If it seems obvious that the extract of Tridax procumbens prevents hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, the ethyl acetate fraction does not seem to have a therapeutic effect.

Ultrasonic Activation of Suzuki and Hiyama Cross-Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Palladium

The coupling reaction of aryl bromide and aryl boronic acid in water/DMF as solvent was studied using a palladium-complex as a catalyst in the presence of ultrasound at room temperature. The effect on the reaction of a base and a solvent was also studied with and without ultrasound and was found to increase the speed of the reaction. In this regard, we propose reaction mechanisms that could explain the results obtained.

Phase Transfer Catalysis Improved Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidinones

Various 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones can be prepared via Biginelli reaction in aqueous media by using quaternary ammonium salts of different alkyl groups (C4 and C8) and anions (Cl-?and Br-) as catalysts. The use of quaternary ammonium salts along with longer alkyl chains increases the yield of the Biginelli reaction;however, bromide ammonium salts are less active than the chloride ones.

Multimodal 4-arylchromene derivatives with microtubule-destabilizing,anti-angiogenic,and MYB-inhibitory activities

Aim:Efficient and readily available anticancer drugs are sought as treatment options.For this reason,chromene derivatives were prepared using the one-pot reaction and tested for their anticancer and anti-angiogenic properties.Methods:2-Amino-3-cyano-4-(aryl)-7-methoxy-4H-chromene compounds(2A-R)were repurposed or newly synthesized via a three-component reaction of 3-methoxyphenol,various aryl aldehydes,and malononitrile.We performed assays to study the inhibition of tumor cell growth[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromid(MTT)assay],effects on microtubules(immunofluorescence),cell cycle(flow-activated cell sorting analysis),angiogenesis(zebrafish model),and MYB activity(luciferase reporter assay).Fluorescence microscopy was applied for localization studies via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reaction of an alkyne-tagged drug derivative.Results:Compounds 2A-C and 2F exhibited robust antiproliferative activities against several human cancer cell lines(50%inhibitory concentrations in the low nanomolar range)and showed potent MYB inhibition.The alkyne derivative 3 was localized in the cytoplasm after only 10 min of incubation.Substantial microtubule disruption and G2/M cell-cycle arrest were observed,where compound 2F stood out as a promising microtubule-disrupting agent.The study of anti-angiogenic properties showed that 2A was the only candidate with a high potential to inhibit blood vessel formation in vivo.Conclusion:The close interplay of various mechanisms,including cell-cycle arrest,MYB inhibition,and anti-angiogenic activity,led to identifying promising multimodal anticancer drug candidates.

界面键合作用有效增强NiSe@Fe_(2)O_(3)的水氧化本征活性和稳定性

析氧反应(OER)电催化剂的本征活性及稳定性主要取决于活性材料的表界面性能.本文采用两步水热法制备了一种新型核壳异质结构电催化剂(NF/NiSe@Fe_(2)O_(3)).该催化剂在1 mol L^(-1)的KOH介质中,电流密度为10或200 mA cm^(-2)时,析氧反应过电位分别低至220和282 mV,同时还具有较小的Tafel斜率(36.9 mV dec^(-1))及良好的长期稳定性(~230h).X射线光电子能谱和X射线吸收光谱表明,NF/NiSe@Fe_(2)O_(3)异质结构一方面具有高度羟基化的表面,同时由于在NiSe和Fe_(2)O_(3)的界面处形成Fe-Se键而具有较强的界面耦合作用.密度泛函理论计算进一步证实,Fe-Se键的形成导致了NiSe@Fe_(2)O_(3)异质结d带中心的移动并很好地优化了其电子结构,从而促进了析氧反应过程中含氧中间体的吸附及O_(2)的脱附,极大增强了催化剂的OER活性.另外,其独特的核壳结构及较强的界面耦合作用有效提升了催化剂的长期稳定性.该研究为界面键合效应对电催化剂OER性能的影响提供了一些基本认识.

Highly Efficient Synthesis of Bis（indolyl）methanes Catalyzed by Sodium Tetrafluoroborate

Sodium tetrafluoroborate （NaBF4） was found to catalyze the electrophilic substitution reactions of indoles with aldehydes and ketones under solvent-free conditions to afford the corresponding bis（indolyl）methanes in high yields.

Synthesis of 5-benzylidene-3-(3-fluoro-4-yl-morpholin-4-yl-phenylimino)-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives catalyzed by [BmIm] OH and their anti-microbial activity

A series of novel 5-benzylidene-3-（3-fluoro-4-yl-morpholin-4-yl-phenylimino）thiazolidin-4-one derivatives were synthesized using[bmIm]OH as a catalyst and were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities.These compounds showed moderate in vitro activities against the microorganisms tested.

Synthesis and antimycobacterial screening of new N-(4-(5-aryl-3-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-4-amide derivatives

This article demonstrates the synthesis, characterization and the study of in vitro antitubercular activities of twenty four new N-（4-（5-aryl-3-（5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl）-1H-pyrazol-1-yl）phenyl）-4-amide derivatives（8a–x）. The antitubercular activity of the compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv（MTB） revealed that 2-chloro-N-（4-（5-（4-chlorophenyl）-3-（5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl）-1H-pyrazol-1-yl）phenyl）benzamide（8n） is the most promising lead molecule with a MIC of1.56 mg/m L, while the corresponding unsubstituted benzamide derivative（8o） is the next most active molecule with a MIC of 3.13 mg/m L. Interestingly, the pyrazole intermediate 5b containing chlorophenyl and N-acylcarbohydrazide substituents also showed significant activity（MIC = 3.13 mg/m L）. Further, the active molecules did not show toxicity against a normal NIH 3T3 cell line, signifying their suitability for further drug development.

HDAC inhibitors with potential to overcome drug resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer

Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the development and persistence of cancer,and histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitors are promising anticancer drugs targeting epigenetic modes.Efficient anticancer drugs for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)are sought,and approved HDAC inhibitors have shown promising results on the one hand and severe drawbacks on the other hand.Hence,ways to break the drug resistance mechanisms of existing HDAC inhibitors as well as the design of new promising HDAC inhibitors which can overcome the disadvantages of the classic HDAC inhibitors are of great importance.In this work,HDAC inhibitors with the potential to become a mainstay for the treatment of CRPC in the future as well as suitable combination treatments of HDAC inhibitors with other anticancer drugs leading to considerable synergistic effects in treated CRPCs are discussed.