Passive radiant cooling without sacrificing the aesthetics of objects

Photonic-engineered passive radiative cooling built into decorative climate-controlled enclosures reduces the active power consumption of the existing enclosure without sacrificing its aesthetics.

一种用于船舶汽轮机的安全且经济的启动加速概念

This paper analyses the issue of accelerated start-up of a marine steam turbine,which is an important problem because the start-up of a steam machine involves the combustion of fuel that is not transformed into useful energy.To find novel technologies that offer improvements in this aspect is essential due to restrictions on reducing ship emissions.Thus,the shorter the start-up time,the better for the environment and economy.High-pressure(HP)part of the turbine originally located on the Queen Elizabeth II unit was analysed.Advanced numerical calculations by thermal fluid-solid-interaction(Thermal FSI)were carried out.A series of simulations were performed for the accelerated start-up with controlled steam injection.A description of the chosen calculation methodology and the results obtained by simulation are included in this paper.The stress occurring during the accelerated start-up are approximately 40 MPa higher than those during the reference start-up.The relative elongations between the rotor and the hull during accelerated start-up reach a maximum value of 0.89 mm(0.83 mm for ultra-fast start-up).Reducing the steam turbine start-up time by 75%results in a 36.7 tons reduction in fuel consumption for start-up,resulting in an annual savings of 5372 USD.In conclusion,the concept proposed by the authors is safe,less expensive and does not affect the life of the turbine.In addition,results and applications from Siemens prove that additional injection of cooling steam is possible.

Recent progress in MgB_(2)superconducting joint technology

Magnesium diboride(MgB_(2))magnets have the potential to be the next-generation liquid-helium-free magnet for magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)application due to their relatively high superconducting transition temperature,high current density and low raw material cost compared with current commercial niobium-titanium(Nb-Ti)magnets.A typical superconducting magnet includes several coils.To produce an ultra-stable magnetic field for imaging in MRI,a superconducting electromagnet operating in a persistent mode is crucial.Superconducting coils of the electromagnet in MRI are short-circuited to operate in the persistent mode by connecting coils with superconducting joints.Per-sistent joints have been demonstrated for in-situ and ex-situ wires of both mono-and multi-filamentary structures,made predominantly by PIT techniques similar to those used in wire production.To realise further engagement of MgB_(2)in MRI applications,enhancing the performance of MgB_(2)superconducting joints is essential.This literature review summarises research and development on MgB_(2)superconducting joining technology.

The Effects of Using a Specially Designed Stirrup on Kinetic Energy Absorption by the Knee Joint of 12 Show Jumping/Eventing Riders

The use of Winderen Knee Protection Solution stirrups compared to standard iron stirrups, reveals the following benefits: 1) A reduction of stress or strain time in the order of 14 seconds per minute of activity whilst walking and 5 - 7 seconds less whilst trotting or cantering for muscles around the knee. 2) A reduction of stress or strain time in the order of 25 seconds per minute of activity whilst walking and 9 - 10 seconds less whilst trotting or cantering for ligaments around the knee. 3) A significant improvement in the E-score (less time exposed to stress and shock) and ST-score (lower force around the knee) whilst walking. 4) A considerable improvement in rider comfort and feeling of leg stability (self-assessment) compared with the owners current stirrups, whilst riding.

HISTOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF EXTRAMAMMARY PACET'S DISEASE

The histogensis of extramammary Paget's disease has not been solved and remained controversial. Eight cases of extramammary Paget's disease of geni-tocrural region were investigated by alcian blue and PAS stain and immunoreaction of anti-CEA and anti-keratin. It was found that the pattern and intensity of alcian blue, PAS staining were identical for Paget cells and secretory cells of apocrine sweat gland; and CEA immunoreactivity was uniformly observed in both Paget cells and eccrine sweat gland. The keratin immunoreaction was positive in keratinocytes, apocrine and eccrine sweat gland, whereas Paget cells were negative. These results suggested that Paget cells of extramammary Paget's disease could be derived from multipotential epidermal germ cells.

Anon-Invasive Assessment of Ground Reaction Forces in the Human Leg in Response to Walking, Jogging, Running and Jumping

Running is one of the most popular forms of exercise. Even though regular exercise is beneficial to human health, running is also often associated with an increased risk of injury. Lack of shock absorption in running shoes has often been stated as one of the main reasons for why running-related injuries have been on the increase. The aim of the present study was to assess the degree to which ground reaction forces (GRF) can be dissipated in the human leg in a barefoot subject, in connection with diverse physical activities. Acoustic myography (AMG), a non-invasive technique that records pressure waves from contracting muscles as well as the harmonic damping of ligaments, was applied to four anatomical sites on the subject’s leg, during barefoot walking, jogging, running and jumping. The data for walking on a hard surface show much lower ESTiTM parameters than those for the soft surface, and these lower values are observed mainly for sites 1 (toes;65%) and 2 (ankle;53%), respectively. AMG parameters for jogging reveal this gait to have very low ESTiTM parameters for site 1 and site 2 (ESTi 2 - 3), yet similar for both surfaces. The data for running on a hard and soft surface revealed much lower ESTiTM parameters (38%) than those for sites 3 (knee) and 4 (hip). The data from the big jump, reveal that on a hard surface, the lowest ESTiTM parameters were for sites 1 (toes;46%) and 2 (ankle;27%), compared to values on a soft surface. The speed with which GRFs were transmitted up the leg varied from site to site and also with the type of activity, ranging from undetectable to approx. 60 m/sec. The present study reveals that the ankle joint is exposed to the greatest forces during jumping and running. In addition, this study has confirmed that exercising on a hard surface does indeed increase the stress forces on the toes and ankles. It is interesting to note that the data reveal that toes and ankles absorb most of the GRF during running, while the knee and hip joint remain unaffected, although a more detailed study involving a larger number of subjects and shoe types is now needed.

有效的孵化场管理能变废为宝

孵化场的主要目标是收到的所有入孵种蛋尽可能多地孵出优质1日龄雏鸡。在孵化过程中难免会产生"孵化废弃物",它们没有任何价值,甚至有可能会产生处理费用,然而,如果将这些废弃物变成有价值的副产品,就能产生价值,成为孵化场额外创收的资源。不管是在哪种情况下,"废弃物"和"副产品"都是次等重要的产物,与每一个生产过程一样,我们可以在孵化场内应用"废弃物金字塔"原理(图1)。在该金字塔的最顶层。

老年患者皮肤病患病率:对4099例老年患者的分析

Background:The geriatric population is composed of persons over 65 years of age,and few studies are available on the dermatologic diseases in this group.Methods:Data on a total of 4099 geriatric patients admitted between the years 1999-2003 were analyzed.Hospital-based patient registry records were used for data collection.The data were analyzed according to age,sex,and time of admittance.Results:The five most frequently encountered diseases in elderly patients were eczematous dermatitis,fungal infections,pruritus,and bacterial and viral infections.The most common disorders in males were fungal,bacterial,and viral infections,disorders of the feet,cutaneous ulcers,and vesiculo-bullous diseases,whereas,in females,they were immune-rheumatologic diseases and disorders of the mucous membranes.The five most frequently encountered diseases were significantly different in geriatric age subgroups.In the younger age group,pruritus,disorders due to sun exposure,and precancerous lesions and skin carcinomas were less common,whereas eczematous dermatitis was more common.The frequencies of some diseases showed significant seasonal variations.Infestations were more common in spring and summer,fungal infections were more common in summer but less so in winter,pruritus was more common in autumn but less so in spring,disorders due to sun exposure were more common in spring,and benign neoplasia were more common in autumn.In 2003,benign neoplasia,precancerous lesions and skin carcinomas,and immune-rheumatic disorders were more common,but vesicular and bullous diseases,fungal infections,and cutaneous lymphomas were less common when compared with the year 1999.Conclusions:This study provides important data on the frequency of dermatologic diseases in elderly patients,and shows variations in the frequency depending on age,gender,and season.We believe that this study will create awareness about the extent and patterns of dermatologic problems in geriatric patients.

小产品 大作为

真空采血管的费用占实验室成本的5%以下,却对检验结果的准确性有超过80%的影响。我对童年时候去医院看病记忆犹新：身穿白大褂的医生,一脸严肃,听完家人对我病情的描述后,随手拿起听诊器,

Anisotropy in dynamic recrystallization behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy

Deformation behavior as well as microstructural evolutions of a rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy with and without pre-existing extension twins were studied using compression tests which performed along different orientations at a temperature range of 25–350 ℃. The results implied that the initial texture not only influence the evolution of flow stress, but also change the size and fraction of recrystallized grains.In contrast to samples parallel to rolling and transverse directions, compression along normal direction resulted in a respectful softening at 150 ℃. The largest size and fraction of new grains at 250 ℃ were recorded after deformation along rolling direction, while the maximum flow softening was observed during deformation along normal direction. The anisotropy in microstructural evolutions was still retained at 350 ℃. Pre-existing twins could reduce the anisotropy of material in respect of flow stress as well as DRX progression, where TD sample showed the lowest DRX fraction at 250 ℃. Quaternion misorientation data obtained from EBSD analysis of pretwinned material implied that initial texture could not significantly influence final texture. A different misorientation distribution was realized after deformation of pretwinned material along ND and RD directions.

The Effects of the Quantum and Finesse Bridles on Equine M. Brachiocephalicus and M. Splenius Function at Three Different Speeds

Badly designed and fitted tack induces physiological stress responses in horses, and may compromise animal welfare. Moreover, horses, just like humans, comprise a series of interconnected myofascial lines. However, to date there are no measurements of the effects of horse tack, such as bridles on muscle parameters. This study used acoustic myography to test whether two commercial anatomically designed and fitted bridles, have a measurable and positive effect on both equine muscle-function and performance. A Quantum bridle was tested on 12 Icelandic horses, whilst a Finesse bridle was tested on 8 Icelandic horses, and results compared with data from a standard bridle (n = 12) tested at the same time and under identical conditions. Sensors were placed on M. Brachiocephalicus and M. Splenius, and the horses exercised following a set protocol at three speeds. The results revealed statistically significant improvements in muscle performance as assessed by both the regularity of the recording at each speed, and the number of transient powerful contractions (spikes) for the anatomically designed and fitted bridles, compared with the standard bridle. It is concluded that the effect of anatomically designed bridles can not only be measured in the neck muscles of exercising horses, but that they appear to have a positive effect on muscle performance.

An Investigation into Cold-Therapy of the Equine Metacarpus, Following Temperature Changes with Exercise as Well as Post Intervention

There is some discussion as to whether exercise-induced hyperthermia of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) affects tenocyte viability and pre-disposes to injury. Cold-therapy is commonly used as a preventative measure and treatment for acute tendon injuries, but only a few studies have evaluated the effect of cold-therapy on metacarpal temperatures in the horse. For this reason, this study has measured skin surface temperatures after moderate exercise and after application of cold-therapy, and additionally monitored the duration of any effects. Four horses were recruited into a semi blinded controlled study with repeated measurements that involved lunged exercise for 16 minutes at moderate intensity. Skin surface temperature was measured using a thermographic camera before and after lunging, and every 40 minutes for two hours post cold-therapy. Cold-therapy was applied using a Jacks Whirlpool Boot with ice-water immersion at a level just distal to the carpus for 20 minutes. The right leg was treated, and the left leg was used as an untreated control. The experiment was conducted twice on all four horses. Moderate exercise resulted in an increase in skin surface temperature of 10°C. Application of cold-therapy for 20 minutes resulted in a reduction in skin surface temperature by 14°C. The effect of cold-therapy persisted for at least 40 minutes post treatment. It is concluded that exercise leads to an increase in skin surface temperature which is counteracted by the application of cold-therapy. These findings would seem to indicate that cold-therapy can be used after exercise to counteract hyperthermia within the metacarpal region of the horse’s leg.

The Effect of Aromatherapy on Equine Facial Expression, Heart Rate, Respiratory Tidal Volume and Spontaneous Muscle Contractures in M. Temporalis and M. Cleidomastoideus

The ability to calm horses affects both the safety and well-being of human-horse relationships. However, not many natural calmatives are known, nor the efficacy of these in supporting a state of calmness in horses. This study used both qualitative and quantitative methods to test whether aromatherapy has a measurable and calming effect on equine facial expression and a range of physiological parameters. Nine horses of different ages, genders and breeds were included in a crossover design with humidified essential oils to determine the calming effect of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides), spikenard (Nardostachys jatamansi) and roman chamomile (Anthemis nobilis) in relation to water (negative control) and lavender oil (positive control) in horses standing still. The results revealed significantly lowered heart rate (P < 0.05 - <0.001) and respiratory tidal volume (P < 0.05 - <0.001) for the tested essential oils, while spikenard oil was best at inducing a relaxed facial expression (60% of the full-time scale for 8 horses;75% of the full-time scale for 7 horses) and roman chamomile oil was statistically most successful at reducing the incidence of spontaneous muscle contractures in M. Temporalis (P < 0.001) and M. Cleidomastoideus (P < 0.05) compared to the other aromatherapy treatments. It is concluded that aromatherapy has both qualitative and quantitative effects on physiological parameters in static horses, and moreover, that essential oils appear to have a calming effect.

Contracture Development in Whales

It is well known that whales in captivity suffer from dorsal fin bending. However, the mechanisms behind this change are poorly understood. Humans can suffer from similar symptoms either after a period of immobilization or after suffering a brain lesion. Therefore, we here speculate whether the bent dorsal fins are reflecting contracture development in whales.

实践中为了获得理想的孵化场卫生进行的审核工作

孵化场是种鸡场与禽蛋和禽肉产品的家禽生产舍之间的重要纽带(图1)。孵化场的目标应该是向养殖场提供高品质的1日龄雏鸡,如果饲养管理到位,这些雏鸡能够充分发挥其遗传潜能。但是,孵化场同时也是细菌(如大肠杆菌属和沙门氏菌属的细菌)、支原体(如鸡毒支原体)和真菌(如曲霉菌)等病原微生物传播的中心点或集中地。任其发展将会使家禽生产性能变差,养殖户的抗生素使用量增加,危害禽产品消费者的健康,严重的甚至可能造成贸易壁垒,从而造成重大经济损失。

为提高肉鸡品质和强壮程度进行昼夜孵化

商业性孵化场中的热调节是指在孵化的第2周或第3周,使鸡胚在白天接受短暂的1℃~2℃热或冷刺激的方法。这一过程被称为"昼夜孵化(Circadioan incubation)"法,它可提高种蛋的孵化率和孵出雏鸡的饲料转化率。

可以实现母鸡群均一进而使所产种蛋均一的鸡群管理措施

雏鸡个体大小上的差异源自可造成胚胎发育差异的相关因素,而鸡的胚胎发育取决于孵化过程的质量。家禽生产需要在常规的工作基础上,通过精心管理来实现预期结果。本文通过介绍了种鸡群管理中可确保鸡群均一的注意事项,以获取大小均一的种蛋。