滇西芦子园远程矽卡岩Pb-Zn-Fe(Cu)多金属矿床流体包裹体初探及矿床成因探讨

滇西镇康芦子园是"三江"成矿带保山地块内迄今发现的唯一超大型Pb-Zn-Fe(Cu)多金属矿床,是区内系列同类层控热液铅锌矿床的典型代表。矿体呈似层状、脉状及透镜状产于寒武系碳酸盐岩建造的矽卡岩和大理岩层间破碎带,矿石构造以条带状、浸染状和脉状-网脉状为主要特征;围岩蚀变复杂、分带明显,由下至上依次为石榴子石-透辉石-透闪石-阳起石化带→绿泥石-绿帘石-阳起石-蔷薇辉石化带→碳酸盐-大理岩化带。矿床成矿流体从早期到晚期经历了多个矿化阶段。本文选取了该矿床早矽卡岩阶段、晚矽卡岩阶段、石英硫化物阶段和石英碳酸盐阶段的多种脉石矿物及闪锌矿进行了系统的流体包裹体研究。结果显示,早矽卡岩阶段发育微溶CO_2富液相和纯液相水溶液包裹体,并含大量K^+、Na^+、Ca^(2+)、F^-和Cl^-和少量SO_4^(2-),气相成分主要为H_2O、CO_2及少量CH_4和N_2,包裹体均一温度为233.6~315.6℃,盐度为10.6%~17.6%NaCleqv;晚矽卡岩阶段发育含CO_2和子矿物三相包裹体,均一温度214.9~388.0℃,盐度5.9%~16.4%NaCleqv;石英硫化物阶段发育含CO_2的水溶液包裹体,气相成分为CH_4、H_2O和少量CO_2,均一温度150.0~285.0℃,盐度为2.5%~13.8%NaCleqv;石英碳酸盐阶段为单一成分的水溶液包裹体,均一温度为105.0~187.5℃,盐度为0.5%~12.3%NaCleqv。结合H-O同位素研究表明,成矿流体最初来源于具中高温、中高盐度、高K、Na,富CO_2、Cl、F等特征的深部岩浆热液,在石英硫化物阶段开始有大气降水混入,演化为中阶段中低温、低盐度、贫CO_2的热液流体,至成矿晚阶段转化为以大气降水占主导。该矿床成矿环境的改变、流体混合以及流体的沸腾作用可能是导致成矿物质富集沉淀的重要机制。综合矿床地质特征、成矿流体包裹体和HO同位素研究认为,该矿床为与陆陆碰撞造山和深部隐伏岩体有关的远程矽卡岩成矿系统。

Pb^(2+)和Fe^(3+)对三唑磷在水环境中光降解影响研究

本文探索研究了Pb^(2+)和Fe^(3+)在不同水溶液中对三唑磷的光降解影响。结果表明:在300 W高压汞灯照射下,在去离子水中,不同浓度的Pb^(2+)对三唑磷的光降解均起抑制作用。在人工海水中,0.01 mg/L和0.1 mg/L的Pb^(2+)对三唑磷的光降解有抑制作用,而1 mg/L的Pb^(2+)明显地促进了光降解。在天然海水中,1 mg/L的Pb^(2+)对三唑磷的光降解起了抑制作用,而0.01 mg/L和0.1 mg/L的Pb^(2+)在光照前60 min促进了光降解,后60 min则起了抑制作用。不同浓度的Fe^(3+)在人工海水和去离子水中会促进光降解,而在天然海水中则表现为抑制作用。该实验模拟结果可为水环境中该种农药污染的治理提供重要的理论依据。

Innovative approaches in predicting outcomes for rectal neuroendocrine tumors

Rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms pose significant challenges due to their varied presentations and prognoses.Traditional prognostic models,while useful,often fall short of accurately predicting clinical outcomes for these patients.This article discusses the development and implications of a novel prognostic tool,the GATIS score,which aims to enhance predictive accuracy and guide treatment strategies more effectively than current methods.Utilizing data from a large cohort and employing sophisticated statistical models,the GATIS score integrates clinical and pathological markers to provide a nuanced assessment of prognosis.We evaluate the potential of this score to transform clinical decision-making processes,its integration into current medical practices,and future directions for its develo-pment.The integration of genetic markers and other biomarkers could further refine its predictive power,highlighting the ongoing need for innovation in the management of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Role of variation coefficient of stone density in determining success of shock wave lithotripsy in urinary calculi

BACKGROUND Various stone factors can affect the net results of shock wave lithotripsy(SWL).Recently a new factor called variation coefficient of stone density(VCSD)is being considered to have an impact on stone free rates.AIM To assess the role of VCSD in determining success of SWL in urinary calculi.METHODS Charts review was utilized for collection of data variables.The patients were subjected to SWL,using an electromagnetic lithotripter.Mean stone density(MSD),stone heterogeneity index(SHI),and VCSD were calculated by generating regions of interest on computed tomography(CT)images.Role of these factors were determined by applying the relevant statistical tests for continuous and categorical variables and a P value of<0.05 was gauged to be statistically significant.RESULTS There were a total of 407 patients included in the analysis.The mean age of the subjects in this study was 38.89±14.61 years.In total,165 out of the 407 patients could not achieve stone free status.The successful group had a significantly lower stone volume as compared to the unsuccessful group(P<0.0001).Skin to stone distance was not dissimilar among the two groups(P=0.47).MSD was significantly lower in the successful group(P<0.0001).SHI and VCSD were both significantly higher in the successful group(P<0.0001).CONCLUSION VCSD,a useful CT based parameter,can be utilized to gauge stone fragility and hence the prediction of SWL outcomes.

中国荷斯坦牛繁殖性状的基因型与环境互作

旨在估计奶牛繁殖性状在不同地区的遗传参数,检测同一繁殖性状在不同地区之间的基因型与环境互作(G×E)效应。本研究利用全国6个地区2064个牧场2005至2022年的荷斯坦牛群繁殖记录,计算了2个重要繁殖性状:初产日龄(AFC)和产犊间隔(CI),共包含1787590和2476422条表型数据。同时对该原始表型数据进行详细的质控和分组。随后,通过BLUPF90软件的airemlf90模块利用单性状动物模型和重复力模型对6个地区的2个繁殖性状进行了遗传分析,使用双性状动物和重复力模型估计同一性状不同地区之间的遗传相关,作为基因型与环境之间效应(G×E)的检测指标。结果表明,研究所设定的质控条件能够剔除分布异常的表型值;AFC的遗传力较高且在地区间差异较大(0.06~0.40),而CI的遗传力较低且各地区间差异较小(0.02~0.04);在大多数地区组合下,2个繁殖性状皆检测到了显著的G×E效应(P<0.05)。综上,同一繁殖性状在不同地区的遗传表现存在差异,且部分区域之间存在显著的G×E效应。因此,对我国奶牛繁殖性状进行遗传改良时需考虑区域性差异及G×E效应对遗传进展的影响。

2023: Weather and Climate Extremes Hitting the Globe with Emerging Features

Globally,2023 was the warmest observed year on record since at least 1850 and,according to proxy evidence,possibly of the past 100000 years.As in recent years,the record warmth has again been accompanied with yet more extreme weather and climate events throughout the world.Here,we provide an overview of those of 2023,with details and key background causes to help build upon our understanding of the roles of internal climate variability and anthropogenic climate change.We also highlight emerging features associated with some of these extreme events.Hot extremes are occurring earlier in the year,and increasingly simultaneously in differing parts of the world(e.g.,the concurrent hot extremes in the Northern Hemisphere in July 2023).Intense cyclones are exacerbating precipitation extremes(e.g.,the North China flooding in July and the Libya flooding in September).Droughts in some regions(e.g.,California and the Horn of Africa)have transitioned into flood conditions.Climate extremes also show increasing interactions with ecosystems via wildfires(e.g.,those in Hawaii in August and in Canada from spring to autumn 2023)and sandstorms(e.g.,those in Mongolia in April 2023).Finally,we also consider the challenges to research that these emerging characteristics present for the strategy and practice of adaptation.

Gene expression,transcription factor binding and histone modification predict leaf adaxial-abaxial polarity related genes

Leaf adaxial-abaxial(ad-abaxial)polarity is crucial for leaf morphology and function,but the genetic machinery governing this process remains unclear.To uncover critical genes involved in leaf ad-abaxial patterning,we applied a combination of in silico prediction using machine learning(ML)and experimental analysis.A Random Forest model was trained using genes known to influence ad-abaxial polarity as ground truth.Gene expression data from various tissues and conditions as well as promoter regulation data derived from transcription factor chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq)was used as input,enabling the prediction of novel ad-abaxial polarity-related genes and additional transcription factors.Parallel to this,available and newly-obtained transcriptome data enabled us to identify genes differentially expressed across leaf ad-abaxial sides.Based on these analyses,we obtained a set of 111 novel genes which are involved in leaf ad-abaxial specialization.To explore implications for vegetable crop breeding,we examined the conservation of expression patterns between Arabidopsis and Brassica rapa using single-cell transcriptomics.The results demonstrated the utility of our computational approach for predicting candidate genes in crop species.Our findings expand the understanding of the genetic networks governing leaf ad-abaxial differentiation in agriculturally important vegetables,enhancing comprehension of natural variation impacting leaf morphology and development,with demonstrable breeding applications.

Regional economic assessment of a novel place-based model for sustainable food systems

Several actions from both the environmental and human viewpoints have already been made to meet the sustainability goals targeted at food systems.Still,new place-based ideas to improve sustainability are needed.Agroecological symbiosis(AES),a novel food system model,is an example of a suggested system-level change to attain sustainability targets;it is a symbiosis of food production and processing using renewable energy that uses its own feedstock.AES has already been found advantageous from the ecological and biophysical viewpoints,but a regional economic evaluation of the model is still lacking.Thus,the aim of our paper is to assess the regional economic impact of a possible systemic change in the food system using the network of agroecological symbiosis(NAES)as an example.We applied scenarios representing different ways of moving towards envisioned NAES models in Mäntsälä,Finland,and a computable general equilibrium model to evaluate the regional economic impact.According to our results,both regional economy and employment would increase,and the regional production base would diversify with NAES implementation applied to the region,but the extent of the benefits varies between scenarios.The scenario that includes change in both public and private food demand,production of bioenergy and utilization of by-products would cause the largest impacts.However,realizing NAES requires investments that may influence the actual implementation of such models.Nonetheless,a change towards NAES can promote an economically and spatially just transition to sustainability,as NAES seems to be economically most beneficial for rural areas.

Long Term X-Ray Spectral Variations of the Seyfert-1 Galaxy Mrk 279

We present the results from a long term X-ray analysis of Mrk 279 during the period 2018–2020.We use data from multiple missions–AstroSat,NuSTAR and XMM-Newton,for the purpose.The X-ray spectrum can be modeled as a double Comptonization along with the presence of neutral Fe Kαline emission,at all epochs.We determined the source’s X-ray flux and luminosity at these different epochs.We find significant variations in the source’s flux state.We also investigate the variations in the source’s spectral components during the observation period.We find that the photon index and hence the spectral shape follow the variations only over longer time periods.We probe the correlations between fluxes of different bands and their photon indices,and found no significant correlations between the parameters.

欧洲食用胶原蛋白肽分析方法简介

胶原蛋白肽的功能特性引起大家的极大兴趣,其在食品和保健品的应用广泛,所以其质量与消费者的健康密切相关。针对于此,本文中介绍了欧洲明胶制造商(Gelatine Manufacture of Europe,GME)制定的胶原蛋白肽分析方法标准(GME标准),该标准涵盖了鉴别、化学质量和微生物质量等多个方面的检测,希望能为胶原蛋白肽质量控制提供参考.

胶原蛋白三肽活性的研究进展

胶原蛋白广泛存在于自然界中,是动物结缔组织中极其重要的一种结构蛋白。基于胶原蛋白结构的多样性和独特性,也赋予了其水解后的胶原蛋白三肽的某些特殊的生物活性,如抗氧化性、伤口修复、保护骨和关节等。本文简要综述了胶原蛋白三肽的生物活性、吸收和应用,并展望了胶原蛋白三肽的市场前景,为源于胶原蛋白的肽在膳食补充剂、保健品和日用化妆品等领域的应用提供参考。

Effect of Concentration and Residence Time of Joncryl■ADR4368 on Melt Processability of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB)is a biothechnological and biodegradable thermoplastic polymer from the polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs)family,whose chain regularity,high molecular weight,and physical and mechanical properties comparable to polypropylene(PP)are characteristics that have made PHB a prominent commercial bioplastic.Nevertheless,its susceptibility to thermal degradation and hydrolysis has limited many applications.To address the challenges associated with processing,a random copolymer of 95.86 mol%3-hydroxybutyrate and 4.14 mol%3-hydroxyvalerate(referred as PHB)was compounded without(neat PHB)and with 0.25,0.5,1,and 1.5 wt%of chain extender(Joncryl■ADR 4368),consisting of multifunctional epoxy groups,and melt mixed in an internal mixer at 170℃,50 rpm,and residence times of 5,10,and 15 min.The effect of chain extender concentration and residence time on the effectiveness of Joncryl■ADR 4368 to recover the pristine PHB properties were investigated through torque rheometry,melt flow index(MFI),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),tensile testing,and thermogravimetric analysis.The results indicated that an increase in residence time strongly influenced the prevalence of thermomechanical degradation reactions over chain extension reactions of PHB during processing in the molten state.Shorter residence times favored chain extension,while longer times favored chain scission.This trend led to no enhancement of PHB mechanical properties processed for 10 and 15 min,regardless of additive content used.Melt flow index,thermogravimetric analysis and tensile strength exhibited an asymptotic behavior with the increase in additive concentration,exhibiting a noteworthy improvement in tensile strength and temperature at the highest rate of thermal degradation(TMAX),and a decrease in melt flow index of neat PHB with only 0.25 wt%of additive mixed for 5 min.The results found in this work allow additional data for processing PHB by manipulating the ratios of multifunctional chain extender and mixing time,which can create new approach in various applications.

Endoscopic treatment of scarred polyps with a non-thermal device(Endorotor):A review of the literature

Endoscopic resection(ER)of colorectal polyps has become a daily practice in most endoscopic units providing a colorectal cancer screening program and requires the availability of local experts and high-end endoscopic devices.ER procedures have evolved over the past few years from endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)to more advanced techniques,such as endoscopic submucosal dissection and endo-scopic full-thickness resection.Complete resection and disease eradication are the ultimate goals of ER-based techniques,and novel devices have been developed to achieve these goals.The EndoRotor®Endoscopic Powered Resection System(Interscope Medical,Inc.,Northbridge,Massachusetts,United States)is one such device.The EndoRotor is a powered resection tool for the removal of alimentary tract mucosa,including post-EMR persistent lesions with scarring,and has both CE Mark and FDA clearance.This review covers available published evidence documenting the usefulness of EndoRotor for the management of recurrent colorectal polyps.

Towards a Climate Service for the Tea Industry:A Collaborative Approach between the UK and China

Tea is an important global commodity,with important tea-growing regions spanning across South America,Africa,and Asia,and burgeoning smaller-scale and artisanal tea production in the UK and Europe.In each of these regions,the quality and quantity of tea production,with their economic and social consequences,are highly sensitive to variations in the climate on both short-term weather,seasonal and climate change timescales.The provision of tailored climate information in a timely and accessible manner through the development,delivery and use of climate services can help tea-farmers and other relevant stakeholders better understand the impacts of climate variability and climate change on decision-making and a range of adaptive actions.This paper presents an overview of the Tea-CUP project(Co-developing Useful Predictions),a joint initiative between UK and Chinese partners,which aims to develop and implement solutions for improving robust decision-making.Co-production principles are core,ensuring that the resultant climate services are usable and useful;users'needs are met through close engagement and joint research and decision-making.The paper also reports on the exchange of knowledge and experiences,such as between tea growers in China and the UK,which has resulted from this collaborative work,fostering global knowledge sharing,enriching understanding,and driving innovation by integrating diverse perspectives and expertise from different countries.This is an unintended but valuable side-effect of the collaborative approach taken and highlights the benefits of a highly relational and multidisciplinary approach to climate services development that will inform future work in the field.

Comparative Study of Solar PV Power Plant Dimensionnement Connected to Network Based on Monofacial and Bifacial Modules

This article presents the results of comparative study of two PV solar modules technologies,namely monofacial and bifacial.This study main objective is to identify conditions and parameters that make it possible to obtain better energy and economic efficiency from one or other of two technologies.The study reason lies in revival observed on bifacial module in recent years where all the major manufacturers of PV solar panels are developing them where in a few years,this technology risks being at the same price as the monofacial solar panel with better efficiency.Economic indicator used is energy levelized cost(LCOE)which is function technology type,energy productivity,annual investment and operation cost.To achieve this,a 3.685 MWc solar PV power plant was dimensioned and simulated under Matlab for a 3.5 ha site with a 2,320,740,602 FCFA budget for monofacial installation,against 1,925,188,640 FCFA for 2.73 MWc bifacial installation.The LCOE comparative analysis of two technologies calculated over a period of 25 years,showed that plant with bifacial panels is more beneficial if bifacial gain is greater than 9%.It has further been found that it is possible to gain up to 40%of invested cost if bifacial gain reaches 45%.Finally,a loss of about 10%of invested cost could be recorded if bifacial gain is less than 9%.

卢旺达农业有害生物防控技术的研究与应用现状

卢旺达是非洲中东部一个以农业为经济支柱的国家,种植的农作物主要包括木薯、番茄、玉米、香蕉、辣椒、相橘与水稻等.农作物在生产过程中易遭受病虫害的持续危害,严重时可导致农民损失惨重,甚至颗粒无收.本文综述了卢旺达主要农作物病虫害的发生与防控技术研究和应用进展,同时对卢旺达农业可持续发展及有害生物可持续防控对策进行了分析,旨在为卢旺达地区农业病虫害的防控提供参考,以期实现在我国援非政策下卢旺达农业的稳定和可持续性发展.

Overall Assessment of Heat Transfer for a Rarefied Flow in a Microchannel with Obstacles Using Lattice Boltzmann Method

The objective of this investigation is to assess the effect of obstacles on numerical heat transfer and fluid flow momentum in a rectangular microchannel(MC).Two distinct configurations were studied:one without obstacles and the other with alternating obstacles placed on the upper and lower walls.The research utilized the thermal lattice Boltzmann method(LBM),which solves the energy and momentum equations of fluids with the BGK approximation,implemented in a Python coding environment.Temperature jump and slip velocity conditions were utilized in the simulation for the MC and extended to all obstacle boundaries.The study aims to analyze the rarefaction effect,with Knudsen numbers(Kn)of 0.012,0.02,and 0.05.The outcomes indicate that rarefaction has a significant impact on the velocity and temperature distribution.The presence of nine obstacles led to slower fluid movement inside the microchannel MC,resulting in faster cooling at the outlet.In MCs with obstacles,the rarefaction effect plays a crucial role in decreasing the Nusselt number(Nu)and skin friction coefficient(Cf).Furthermore,the study demonstrated that the obstacles played a crucial role in boosting fluid flow and heat transfer in the MC.The findings suggest that the examined configurations could have potential applications as cooling technologies in micro-electro-mechanical systems and microdevice applications.

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Land Use in Cotton and Cereal Production Zones,Mali

Land use dynamics is a prerequisite for identifying natural resource management constraints,the evolution of agrarian practices and population growth.The objective of this research is to improve knowledge of the dynamics of agricultural land use in the dryland(Cinzana)and cotton(Kléla)areas of Mali.The methodology used consisted of planimetric data collection and diachronic analysis using Landsat TM(Thematic Mapper)satellite images from 2000 and OLI(Operational Land Image)from 2020.Degradation and deforestation rates of natural formations were calculated on the one hand,and on the other hand,the speed and intensity of changes were evaluated using the Pontius matrix22 and intensity analysis programs from the transition matrix.The results of the diachronic analysis revealed a clear increase in the area of anthropogenic formations,especially fields and fallow land,at the expense of natural formations.In Cinzana,this was reflected in an overall increase in the area of anthropogenic formations of 45%(i.e.,2.30%per year)and an overall reduction of 45.15%(2.26%per year)in the area of natural units.In Kléla,there was an overall increase of 131%(i.e.,6.54%per year)in the area of fields and fallow land to the detriment of natural formations,which underwent a reduction of 95%(i.e.,4.76%per year)between 2000 and 2020.Definitely,the evolution of landscape units in the research area between 2000 and 2020 points to excessive anthropization of natural formations,which could compromise the sustainability of these formations,with a risk to ecosystem services and agricultural productivity lost.The study recommends the use of agro-ecological practices,and the facilitation of access to agricultural technologies and support services with a view to agricultural intensification.Policy measures to promote an agro-ecological transition should be encouraged.

Thermo-Mechanical, Physico-Chemical, Morphological, and Fire Characteristics of Eco-Friendly Particleboard Manufactured with Phosphorylated Lignin Addition

Lignin,lignosulfonate,and synthesized phosphorylated lignosulfonate were introduced as greenfillers in citric acid-sucrose adhesives for bonding particleboard fabricated from areca leaf sheath(ALS).The characteristics of particleboards were compared to that of ultralow emitting formaldehyde(ULEF-UF).Thefillers derived from Eucalyptus spp.kraft-lignin were added forflame retardancy enhancement.10%of each lignin and modified lig-nin was added into the ULEF-UF and citric acid-sucrose bonded particleboards.Analyses applied to particle-boards included thermal characteristics,X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),morphological properties,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),as well as physical,mechanical,andfire resistance characteristics of the laboratory-fabricated particleboards.Lignin and modified lignin resulted in improved thermal stability of the composites bonded with ULEF-UF while the improvement in the particleboard bonded with citric acid-sucrose was not significant.The introduction offiller exerted a higher influence on the UF-bonded particleboards compared to composites fabricated with citric acid-sucrose.Generally,the presence of lignin,lignosulfonate,and phosphorylated lignosulfonate enhanced the mechanical strength of the ULEF-bonded particleboards,although their dimensional stability has deteriorated.Markedly,the use of lignin and lignosulfonate enhanced thefire resis-tance of the particleboards produced with lower observed weight loss.All laboratory particleboards exhibited satisfactoryfire resistance,attaining a V-0 rating in according to the UL-94 standard.