Multifaceted superoxide dismutase 1 expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients:a rare occurrence?

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neuromuscular condition resulting from the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the cortex,brainstem,and spinal cord.While the typical clinical phenotype of ALS involves both upper and lower motor neurons,human and animal studies over the years have highlighted the potential spread to other motor and non-motor regions,expanding the phenotype of ALS.Although superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1)mutations represent a minority of ALS cases,the SOD1 gene remains a milestone in ALS research as it represents the first genetic target for personalized therapies.Despite numerous single case reports or case series exhibiting extramotor symptoms in patients with ALS mutations in SOD1(SOD1-ALS),no studies have comprehensively explored the full spectrum of extramotor neurological manifestations in this subpopulation.In this narrative review,we analyze and discuss the available literature on extrapyramidal and non-motor features during SOD1-ALS.The multifaceted expression of SOD1 could deepen our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms,pointing towards a multidisciplinary approach for affected patients in light of new therapeutic strategies for SOD1-ALS.

Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Mycobacterium avium Complex Pulmonary Disease in a Brazilian Amazon Cohort

The incidence of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MACPD) has been globally increasing. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of clinical characteristics and treatment response among patients in the Amazon region of Brazil and conduct a retrospective cohort study at a prominent referral hospital in the State of Par, Brazil, from 2012 to 2020. The M. avium group represented 58.9% of cases, followed by M. intracellulare (35.7%), M. colombiense (3.6%), and M. chimaera (1.8%). The majority of patients (73.2%) were female and with an average age of 63 years. Primary clinical manifestations included persistent cough and sputum production. The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) averaged 2.47, with 36.3% of patients having a CCI score equal to higher than 3. Notably, over 70% of patients had received treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis before initiating treatment for MAC infection. The fibrocavitary radiologic form was the most prevalent (55.4%), frequently exhibiting a bilateral distribution (53.6%). Antimicrobial susceptibility revealed a significant prevalence of MAC resistance to drugs in the therapeutic regimen. Despite this, most of the patients experienced clinical improvement (50%). In conclusion, this study highlights a higher prevalence of MAC infections among middle-aged women, with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment and presenting the fibrocavitary radiological form was predominant.

Anti-proliferative effect of Annona extracts on breast cancer cells

Backgorund:Fruits and seed extracts of Annona montana have significant cytotoxic potential in several cancer cells.This study evaluates the effect of A.montana leaves hexane extract on several signaling cascades and gene expression in metastatic breast cancer cells upon insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)stimulation.Methods:MTT assay was performed to determine the proliferation of cancer cells.Propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry analysis of Annexin V binding was utilized to measure the progression of the cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis.Protein expression and phosphorylation were determined by western blotting analysis to examine the underlying cellular mechanism triggered upon treatment with A.montana leaves hexane extract.Results:A.montana leaves hexane(subfraction V)blocked the constitutive stimulation of the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathways.This inhibitory effect was associated with apoptosis induction as evidenced by the positivity with Annexin V and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNNEL)staining,activation of caspase-3,and cleavage of PPAR.It also limited the expression of various downstream genes that regulate proliferation,survival,metastasis,and angiogenesis(i.e.,cyclin D1,survivin,COX-2,and VEGF).It increased the expression of p53 and p21.Interestingly,we also observed that this extract blocked the activation of AKT and ERK without affecting the phosphorylation of the IGF-1 receptor and activation of Ras upon IGF-1 stimulation.Conclusion:Our study indicates that A.montana leaves(sub-fraction V)extract exhibits a selective anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effect on the metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through the involvement of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K1 pathways.

Main Melody Configuration and Chord Algorithm for Relaxing Music Generation

This study applies the diatonic chord in music theory,utilization rate,and the close relationship between the main chord system,the dominant chord system,and the subordinate chord system.From the perspective of music theory,the computer can automatically and quickly analyze the music,and establish a set of algorithms for configuring the chord accompaniment for the main melody,called the symmetrical circle offifths algorithm,SCFA(Symmetrical Circle of Fifths Algorithm).SCFA can immediately confirm the key,perform harmony analysis,configure chord accompaniment for the main melody,and effectively and correctly complete any given melody or interval.It can also quickly analyze and correctly configure the chord accompaniment for any MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface)music,enriching the musicality of the music.It can also allow scorers or computer music creators to quickly deconstruct the harmony configuration of the melody.Through the measurement of bio-feedback sensor HRV(Heart Rate Variability),it can achieve a relaxing music healing effect.

Profiling of Urban Noise Using Artificial Intelligence

Noise pollution tends to receive less awareness compared to other types of pollution,however,it greatly impacts the quality of life for humans such as causing sleep disruption,stress or hearing impairment.Profiling urban sound through the identification of noise sources in cities could help to benefit livability by reducing exposure to noise pollution through methods such as noise control,planning of the soundscape environment,or selection of safe living space.In this paper,we proposed a self-attention long short-term memory(LSTM)method that can improve sound classification compared to previous baselines.An attention mechanism will be designed solely to capture the key section of an audio data series.This is practical as we only need to process important parts of the data and can ignore the rest,making it applicable when gathering information with long-term dependencies.The dataset used is the Urbansound8k dataset which specifically pertains to urban environments and data augmentation was applied to overcome imbalanced data and dataset scarcity.All audio sources in the dataset were normalized to mono signals.From the dataset above,an experiment was conducted to confirm the suitability of the proposed model when applied to the mel-spectrogram and MFCC(Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients)datasets transformed from the original dataset.Improving the classification accuracy depends on the machine learning models as well as the input data,therefore we have evaluated different class models and extraction methods to find the best performing.By combining data augmentation techniques and various extraction methods,our classification model has achieved state-of-the-art performance,each class accuracy is up to 98%.

Simulating Transport Capacity, Delivery Speed, and Routing Efficiency to Predict Economic Growth

This study uses a simulation-based approach to investigate the impact of delivery delays due to constraints on transport capacity, transit speed, and routing efficiencies on an economy with various levels of interdependency among firms. The simulation uses object-oriented programming to create specialized production, consumption, and transportation classes. A set of objects from each class is distributed randomly on a 2D plane. A road network is then established between fixed objects using Prim’s MST (Minimum Spanning Tree) algorithm, followed by construction of an all-pair shortest path matrix using the Floyd Warshall algorithm. A genetic algorithm-based vehicle routing problem solver employs the all-pair shortest path matrix to best plan multiple pickup and delivery orders. Production units utilize economic order quantities (EOQ) and reorder points (ROP) to manage inventory levels. Hicksian and Marshallian demand functions are utilized by consumption units to maximize personal utility. The transport capacity, transit speed, routing efficiency, and level of interdependence serve as 4 factors in the simulation, each assigned 3 distinct levels. Federov’s exchange algorithm is used to generate an orthogonal array to reduce the number of combination replays from 34 to just 9. The simulation results of a 9-run orthogonal array on an economy with 6 mining facilities, 12 industries, 8 market centers, and 8 transport hubs show that the level of firm interdependence, followed by transit speed, has the most significant impact on economic productivity. The principal component analysis (PCA) indicates that interdependence and transit speed can explain 90.27% of the variance in the data. According to the findings of this research, a dependable and efficient regional transportation network among various types of industries is critical for regional economic development.

Assessment of Nutritional Status and Associated Factors in Infants Aged 6 to 23 Months in Rural Burundi

This study was carried out in the Health districts of Kayanza and Gahombo. Its aim was to assess the nutritional status and associated factors of infants aged between 6 and 23 months. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the health centers of the action zone during medical consultations in community medicine from 13 to 22 February 2023. For this purpose, 53.0% of a sample of 398 mothers of infants aged 6 - 23 months were male, and the most represented age group was 12 - 23 months with 53.8%. Mothers were asked about the diet of their children. All the children involved in this study were vaccinated, whereas 99.2% were given vitamin A supplements. The most frequent illnesses in this age group were acute respiratory infection (ARI) (73.4%), fever (66.6%), diarrhea (53.8%), and vomiting (40.5%). Analysis of nutritional status showed that infants had severe (8.3%) and moderate (70.4%) acute malnutrition. Factors associated with infant nutritional status comprised the occupation of mother (P = 0.009), level of education of mother (P = 0.0625), and prolonged diarrhea (P = 0.004). To remedy this problem, concrete nutritional and educational interventions are needed to promote optimal infant nutrition during the first two years of life.

Applications of Floquet-Magnus and Fer Expansion Approaches during Cross Polarization Radiation in Solid State NMR

This paper investigates the concept of Cross Polarization (CP) experiment in addition to revisiting the two potential expansion schemes recently developed in the field of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR): namely, the Floquet-Magnus expansion and the Fer expansion. We use the aforementioned expansion schemes for the calculation of effective Hamiltonians and propagators when the spin system undergoes Cross Polarization radiation. CP is the gateway experiment into SSNMR. An in-depth comprehension of the underlying mechanics of spin dynamics during the cross-polarization experiment is pivotal for further experimental developments and optimization of more complex solid-state NMR experiments. The main contribution of this work is a prospect related to spin physics;particularly regarding to generalization of the calculation. This work reports original yet interesting novel ideas and developments that include calculations performed on the CP experiment. In fact, the approach presented could play a major role in the interpretation of several fine NMR experiments in solids, which would in turn provide significant new insights in spin physics. The generality of the work points towards potential applications in problems related in solid-state NMR and theoretical developments of spectroscopy as well as interdisciplinary research areas as long as they include spin dynamics concepts.

著名译师俄·洛丹西绕的称谓及其生平事迹考释

著名译师俄•洛丹西绕的称谓历来有争议。通过深入查阅《卓隆巴•洛丹西绕传》《俄•译师赞》《恰•译师传记》《德格丹珠尔目录》《卓尼丹珠尔目录》,以及班禅夏贾确旦所撰《佛教量论史》《俄•译师传》等古籍文献,对其各个称谓的出处进行了较为详细的考究,进行了系统的文献分析,并作出了较为全面的文献综述。在此基础上,探究了俄•洛丹西绕的法名及其它诸多称谓混乱的具体原因,经过研究,提出“洛丹桑布”这一名称是后人杜撰,实际上他剃度后的真实法名应为“洛丹西绕”。同时,从文献学和历史学角度详细梳理了俄•洛丹西绕前半生的学习经历,以及他在知命之年听从叔伯俄•乐贝西绕的安排,与众多高僧一起在桑普寺弘扬佛法的事迹。此外,还探讨了他在桑普寺期间深入研究佛教典籍,梳理古印度贤者勒旦觉的“中观自续派”和桑杰姜的“中观应成派”义理的异同,并系统阐释龙树“中观”思想等事迹,此一事实不仅解决了后人对其真实称谓持有不同见解的问题。同时,还解决了古籍中对同类文化人物称谓的描述往往存在事实与人物不符的困扰;为藏文化中存在的人物称谓争议问题提供了新的研究方法和思路,也为理解这位藏族先贤的哲学思想、行文风格、人物生平和文化贡献提供了新的视角。

“一带一路”视域下职业院校伴随企业“走出去”的多向度探究

"一带一路"战略下,伴随企业"走出去"是职业院校的重要使命。基于对职业院校伴随企业"走出去"的多维理论阐释和多方动因分析,探索以政府为主导的项目模式,发挥其统筹性强、执行力强、资源整合能力强的优势;以企业为主导的市场模式,发挥企业的主导作用和核心地位;以学校为主导的合作模式,发挥职业院校技术技能人才培养主力军的作用。进而提出,从区域、国家和国际三个层面构建横向发展的职教发展共同体,从人才培养模式、企业培训模式和社会服务模式三个层面拓宽面向纵向发展的职业院校新领域,从合作机制、办学形式和评价方式三个层面探索立足综合发展的校企协同新方式等有效路径。

基于LabVIEW的苹果擦伤分级系统设计

基于美国USDA苹果分级标准研制了苹果擦伤检测分级系统样机。系统依据所研究的苹果表面擦伤拉曼光谱PLS/CVA处理和UNEQ模型分类,通过设计的LabVIEW虚拟仪器控制系统实时完成苹果分级。对48个预先分级的美国红元帅苹果(reddelicious#4167)分别进行两轮实际分级实验来评估该系统的性能。实验结果表明该分级检测系统对无擦伤、轻擦伤和重擦伤苹果组的分级平均准确率分别为100%、99%、97%。分级系统每分钟可分级苹果3～6个,对运动苹果分级误判率较低,是实施苹果自动检测分级生产线的基本模块。

宋代的《史记》文学评论

《史记》是文史结合的典范,历代评论颇为丰富。本文从文学的角度出发,探讨宋代《史记》评论的内容及其价值意义。首先结合宋代政治、文化背景,分析《史记》传播的范围、《史记》文学接受的原因及方法等,说明宋代《史记》文学评论具有较雄厚的文化基础。其次以叙事写人为核心,分析宋代《史记》文学评论的主要内容。在此基础上,归纳总结宋代《史记》文学评论的主要特点、形式、价值以及对后代《史记》文学评论的影响。

Ⅱ级生物安全柜在结核病实验室中的检测及报告要求

生物安全柜是保障实验室生物安全的一级防护屏障之一,在结核病实验室中也被广泛应用。我国在生物安全柜使用方面存在不重视使用维护、现场检测及检测报告不规范等问题。笔者结合国内外生物安全柜标准和自身现场工作实践经验,简要概述其现场检测和日常检测的要求和注意事项,并且对检测报告进行具体示例。希望为实验室工作人员和专业检测机构提供一定参考。

电针与手针在临床和基础中的比较研究

目的 梳理临床和基础研究中电针与手针比较的国内研究现状,为未来研究提供思路和依据。方法 系统检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普数据库(VIP)、万方数据知识服务平台及中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)2019-04-30之前发表的中文文献,根据纳入、排除标准筛选出电针与手针作比较的研究,采用文献计量学的分析方法在临床疗效与作用机制方面进行定量分析。结果 共检索出相关文献115篇,其中临床试验45篇,基础研究70篇。临床上对于脑病、骨关节病及单纯性肥胖等疾病而言,电针的疗效略优于手针。基础研究中,电针与手针在神经—内分泌—免疫网络的调控机制方面存在差异:电针和手针既存在共同激活的脑区,又存在特异性激活的脑区;手针对穴位的刺激主要是深部痛觉感受器,电针在此基础上还影响了皮肤痛觉感受器。结论 电针与手针均是临床上常用的针刺疗法,电针可能通过不同的作用机制较手针更好地发挥镇痛作用。

包容型领导与情绪劳动策略选择——来自银行业一线服务人员的实证研究

在工业经济向服务经济转型的大背景下,一线服务人员的情绪劳动策略选择是影响服务质量和口碑的重要因素。然而,已有文献并未清晰阐释何种领导方式能够激发下属选择深层扮演,并减少表层扮演。对此,本研究选择包容型领导作为潜在前因变量,基于社会认知理论,构建一个具有中介的调节效应模型,解释两者的作用机制及边界条件。以452份银行一线服务人员的自报数据为样本,运用Mplus进行假设检验,研究结果发现:包容型领导能够激发一线服务人员深层扮演,并抑制表层扮演。组织政治知觉完全中介包容型领导与表层扮演的关系,部分中介包容型领导与深层扮演的关系。员工传统性在包容型领导与情绪劳动策略之间发挥调节作用;员工传统性会同时削弱包容型领导对表层扮演的负向影响和包容型领导对深层扮演的正向影响。员工传统性的调节作用通过组织政治知觉的中介效应得以实现;员工传统性越强,包容型领导对下属组织政治知觉的负向影响越小。最后,本文还提出了相应的管理实践建议。

网络文学评价体系构建的理论思考——“网络文学评价体系构建”全国学术研讨会综述

伴随互联网的发展，网络文学快速崛起，体量巨大，并以版权转让、全媒体营销的产业链模式覆盖了大众娱乐市场。作为一种新的文学形态，人们对网络文学的评价见仁见智，其实是源于所持的标准有所不同，能否构建一个既符合文学规律又切中网络特性的评价体系和批评标准，是当前网络文学研究亟待解决的问题。

员工与用户内外协同对平台企业创新绩效的影响:基于价值共创视角

现有研究大多集中分析外部用户和内部员工参与单个因素对企业创新绩效的影响机制,却忽视了其协同作用,并且有关平台企业的研究大多集中在案例讨论,鲜有实证分析。为了明晰员工与用户如何协同作用于平台企业创新绩效,本文基于价值共创视角,构建了员工内部创业和用户驱动创新对平台企业创新绩效的影响机制模型,探讨其协同作用的传导机制以及战略柔性的调节作用。基于146家内部平台企业的数据分析,研究1表明,用户驱动创新和员工内部创业,及其交互项对平台企业的创新绩效有积极的影响,并且市场智能响应在上述关系中发挥中介作用,战略柔性在市场智能响应和创新绩效之间发挥积极的调节作用。研究2表明,高用户驱动创新和高员工内部创业一致性状态下,平台企业的创新绩效最高。并且当用户驱动创新和员工内部创业从不一致趋于一致性时,创新绩效会随之提高。本文研究发现不仅丰富了目前的理论研究,还有助于平台企业经营更加科学,以及为尚未转型和处在平台转型过程中的企业提供实践启示。

论沈从文与物质文化研究

1949年以后,沈从文被迫搁笔,从文学创作转向物质文化研究。他的物质文化研究关注的是民间的、日常的、生活的杂文物的研究,与其文学创作息息相通,是一种呈现其生命形态的"抒情考古学"。其物质文化研究的基本路向是"为物立传",以大量文献追溯"物"的前世今生。他对物质性存在的高度重视,既与现代考古学相呼应,也与其长期对"物"的兴趣密切相关,有效地将传世文物、出土文献、出土实物相结合。这种"为物作传"的物质文化研究,突破了原来的学科界限,将文史研究与文物研究相结合,穿梭于技术史、美术史、美学史、文化史等不同学科之间,体现了鲜明的跨学科性。沈从文的物质文化研究,既是一种历史解释的方法,也成为理解与修正文学史叙事的重要依据。他的研究是联接历史、沟通人我的工具,使那些充满生命情感的"物","千载之下百世之后还如相晤对"。

电子媒介时代文学的“消费”问题

电子媒介时代文学消费呈现出新的特征:消费的技术化、符号化和娱乐化。电子媒介时代文学消费与其生产形成同构呼应的关系,这种关系表现为图像生产与全媒介出版、生产的媒介化与消费的同步化、生产的偶像化与消费的粉丝化、生产的市场化与消费的娱乐化。电子媒介时代文学生产的典型形态就是网络文学的影视改编,网络文学为影视提供了影视脚本,影视又在一定程度上扩大了网络文学的覆盖范围。从文学发展的历史来看,电子媒介时代的文学消费有着其合理性。

艾斯本·亚瑟斯超文本美学思想探析

艾斯本·亚瑟斯对当今流行的超文本理论进行了深入的反思:他首先提出要区分超文本的结构和阅读,指出是超文本的非线性结构而不是其多线性阅读决定了超文本与传统文本的真正区别,从而澄清了超文本理论中的"非线性"和"多线性"之争;二是深入分析了超文本中的作者和读者的权力关系,对于"读者即作者""去中心化"和"交互性"等流行的超文本口号提出了批评;三是基于超文本结构和阅读的划分,提出超文本是一种可以让读者在阅读过程中产生主观叙事感的非叙事性结构的超文本叙事思想。