Automated Staging and Grading for Retinopathy of Prematurity on Indian Database

Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is a disorder of the retina in neonates.If ROP is not treated at early stage,neonates’vision is affected,leading to blindness.It is necessary to diagnose and treat ROP at earliest.Several ROP assessment techniques based on Image analysis have been introduced in recent years.These studies identify only normal,abnormal,and plus disease.This research article explores the identification of distinct ROP stages along with normal and abnormal detection.Detecting the stages will help to expedite the treatment and prevent vision loss.The proposed framework consists of feature extraction using scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT)and pyramid histogram of words(PHOW)techniques.Three efficient supervised machine learning algorithms,namely random forest(RF),support vector machine(SVM),and extreme boosting gradient(XGBoost),are used to classify different stages of ROP.A dataset captured by RetCam 3 is used to evaluate the model.Based on rigorous evaluation,the accuracy of different ROP stages is 93.68%,83.33%,85.71%,55.55%,and 100%for normal,stage 1,stage 2,stage 3,and stage 4,respectively.

Use of a naturally occurring codon bias for identifying topoisomerase mutations in ciprofloxacin resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i>using PCR and future prospects with other bacterial genera: A pilot study

We developed a novel PCR method aimed at identi- fying and amplifying native codon sequences of muta- tion-prone amino acids in DNA gyrase implicated in quinolone resistance using a naturally occurring co- don bias in E. coli DNA gyrase A.

Improved Specificity for Breast Cancer Screening Using an Oncogenic(miRNA-21)and a Gene Suppressor(miRNA-195)miRNA in the Serum for a Point of Care(POC)Screening Solution

The overall incidence and burden caused by breast cancer is increasing,affecting the global socio-economic development and life expectancy[1].According to“WHO Global Breast Cancer Initiative(GBCI)reports”,if the mortality rate due to breast cancer can be reduced by 2.4%annually,we may prevent 2.5 million breast cancer deaths between2020-2040.

Factors Associated with Poor Sleep Quality among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Insulin Therapy

The aim of this study is to investigate the possible risk factors of poor sleep quality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on insulin therapy. The factors considered were age, sex, body mass index (BMI), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), duration of diabetes and depression. A total of 202 diabetic patients aged 20 years or older were included in the study. The results showed that female sex and depression were independent risk factors for poor sleep quality among type 2 diabetics on insulin therapy. Findings may contribute to sleep disorder control in female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus which has been linked to glycemic control.

Low-dose immunotherapy as a potentiator to increase the response with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in oral cancers

Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)is utilized in locally advanced oral cancers to reduce the tumor burden and downstage the tumor to be amenable for definitive surgical management.Its long-term results compared to upfront surgical resection was not encouraging.Immunotherapy has now been used not only in recurrence and metastatic setting but also in the locally advanced tumor management regimens.The purpose of this concept paper is to bring forward the rationale to use a fixed low-dose immunotherapy agent as a potentiator to the standard NACT regimen and recommend their future investigation in oral cancer management.

An Imperative Role of Fetal Autopsy in Previable Fetuses-Amniotic Deformity Adhesions,Mutilations Complex

Objective:To identify the occurrence of the amniotic deformity adhesions,mutilation(ADAM)complex and imperative role of fetal autopsy in diagnosing this condition.Methods:A retrospective descriptive study spanning nine years,from January 2014 to January 2022,was conducted at the Department of Pathology within a tertiary care hospital in South India.The study focused on analyzing the clinical presentation,prenatal ultrasonogram,and morphological features of fetuses with the ADAM complex,limb body wall complex,or amniotic bands.Results:Among the 438 fetuses assessed during the study period,five fetuses showed features of the ADAM complex(0.01%).The most frequent gestational age observed was 12–18 weeks andmost fetuseswere female.The common anomaly encountered was limb defects,followed by abdominal and cranial anomalies.Conclusion:The diagnosis of the ADAM complex relies primarily on fetal autopsy to differentiate it from similar conditions like anencephaly or body-stalk anomalies.The pathologist plays a crucial role in understanding the complexities of the ADAM complex.Advanced antenatal imaging and therapies offer potential for prevention through improved counseling.