Integrated Modelling and Reservoir Characterization of Ataga Field, Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria

Integrated modelling, well correlation and petrophysical analysis were performed to characterize the reservoirs for optimum hydrocarbon correlation using 3-D seismic reflection data and suites of well logs from Ataga 5, 7, 10 and 11 wells respectively in Ataga field, shallow offshore, Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria. The study revealed the presence of two viable hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs, AT1 and AT2 and the average values of porosity, permeability, water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation, Net to Gross (NTG) and volume of shale are in the ranges of 15% - 77%, 44.5% - 75.5%, 25.5% - 85%, 15% - 75.5%, 0.70 - 0.88 and 0.11 - 0.38 respectively which goes further to show that the both reservoirs have fair characteristics that are suggestive of the presence of hydrocarbon accumulation. It can therefore be deduced that the permeability values are reflective of fair interconnectivity of pore spaces of sands within the well areas and their ability to transmit fluids, the depth and depth structural map generated for the horizons and structures shows that the most dominant trapping mechanism in the area under study is the crescentic growth fault and the rollover anticlines trending in the Northwest-Southeast direction and from the volumetric analysis. It can be deduced that the recoverable gas for AT1 and AT2 reservoirs is 2 × 106 mscf and 6 × 106 mscf respectively.

Generation, Characterization and Management Practices of Household Solid Wastes in Cowfield, Paynesville City, Liberia

The success of any waste management system requires accurate and up-to-date data on quantity, composition of waste. Waste generation data from household are needed to address issues relating to municipal solid wastes such as management method, performance improvement, policy, regional and local planning, administrative, cost accounting, design and operation of landfill facilities and environmental quality. This study was conducted to provide empirical data on generation rates, quantity and composition, management practices, challenges and strategies from urban household. Waste collection, weighing, questionnaires survey and field observation were methods used during the study. Waste was collected and weighed from 60 households using multi-stage sampling technique for seven days. Questionnaires were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 and Excel. A total of 1125.2 kg of waste was recorded. The average household waste generation was 3 kg per day with per capita generation rate of 0.41 kg/cap/day. The compositional analysis showed that Organic (53%), Plastic (11%), Textile (6%), Metal (2%), Glass (1%), Paper and Cardboard 4% and others (22%). Solid waste management practices are very rudimentary. Burning (53.7%) and Open Dumping (30%) were found to be the most commonly used method of disposal with very limited collection service (33.3%) and segregation. The most challenges faced by households were communal disposal area (66.7%) and waste service providers (21.7%) storage bins (11.6%). Waste to energy (48.3%) and compositing (23.3%) were the most considered option for waste management by the respondents.

Fingerprint Patterns in Students with Learning Disability:Evidence of Sexual Dimorphism and Potential for Diagnosis in a Nigerian Population

This study assessed the sex-based relationship and prediction pattern between fingerprint patterns,ridge counts,and learning disability(LD).This cross-sectional study recruited 300 students(150 LD and 150 non-LD)aged between 3 and 29 years.The fingerprint patterns(arch,whorl,ulnar loop,and radial loop)and the ridge count:total finger ridge count(TFRC),absolute ridge count(ARC),ulnar ridge count(URC),and radial ridge count(RRC)were accessed.Students with LD showed a significantly higher whorl and a significantly lower ulnar loop than students without LD.There is a significant association of whorl pattern in the first right finger of subjects with LD compared to non-LD counterparts.TFRC,ARC,and URC were significantly higher in females with LD than non-LD females(P=0.01,0.03,and 0.001).Males with LD showed significantly lower TFRC,RRC,and URC counts than the non-LD males(P=0.02,0.01,and 0.001).TFRC can predict LD in males(odds ratio[OR]=1.010,P=0.032)and females(OR=0.993,P=0.012).Fingerprint pattern and ridge counts are sexually dimorphic in subjects with or without LD.TFRC and whorl fingerprint patterns may be vital predictive and screening tools for LD in males and females.