Seasonal Variations in Birth Weight in Suzhou Industrial Park

Many environmental factors have been shown to adversely influence birth weight,and new insight has been gained into＇seasonal programming＇.We studied a total of 23,064 infants.The mean birth weight varied across seasons.Logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the crude and adjusted odds ratios（ORs）for dichotomous outcomes（e.g.,macrosomia,low birth weight）.

Study on Vegetation Restoration in Chongqing Bashan Lake National Wetland Park

The vegetation restoration experiment was carried out by selecting the arbor-shrub-grass plants with strong stress resistances in the drawdown area of the reservoir of Chongqing Bashan Lake National Wetland Park.The results showed that the survival rate of Taxodium distichum was only 33% in August since the completion of the planting in May 2017,while the survival rates of other plant species were all 100%.After the rising and falling of water levels from September 2017 to February 2018,the investigations conducted in April 2018 showed that the flooding lasted for 130 d at the altitude of 668-672 m,where the preserving rate of Betula nigra was very low of only 25%.The flooding lasted for 120 d at the altitude of 672-675 m,where B.nigra,Pontederia cordata,and Thalia dealbata showed good preserving conditions with the preserving rates over 55%,while Canna indica,Cyperus alternifolius and Iris tectorum had poor preserving conditions with the rates below 50%.The drawdown area with the altitude of 675-678 m had the flooding lasted for 84 d,and good preserving conditions were found in B.nigra,T.distichum,Pterocarya stenoptera,Distylium chinense,Rosa multiflora,P.cordata,T.dealbata and Iris tectorum,which had the preserving rates reach up to 65%,and the preserving rate of B.nigra was as high as 76.2%,but the preserving rates of C.indica and C.alternifolius were low.

Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gene polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome(MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) are the serious public health problems worldwide.Moreover,it is estimated that MetS patients have about five-fold greater risk of the T2 DM development compared with people without the syndrome.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are a subgroup of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors which play an important role in the pathogenesis of MetS and T2 DM.All three members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR) nuclear receptor subfamily,PPARα,PPARp/5 and PPARγ are critical in regulating insulin sensitivity,adipogenesis,lipid metabolism,and blood pressure.Recently,more and more studies indicated that the gene polymorphism of PPARs,such as Leu^(162)Val and Val^(227)Ala of PPARα,+294T> C of PPARβ/δ,Pro^(12)Ala and C1431 T of PPARγ,are significantly associated with the onset and progressing of MetS and T2 DM in different population worldwide.Furthermore,a large body of evidence demonstrated that the glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism were influenced by gene-gene interaction among PPARs genes.However,given the complexity pathogenesis of metabolic disease,it is unlikely that genetic variation of a single locus would provide an adequate explanation of inter-individual differences which results in diverse clinical syndromes.Thus,gene-gene interactions and gene-environment interactions associated with T2 DM and MetS need future comprehensive studies.

Gene-Gene Interaction of GJB2, SOD2, and CAT on Occupational Noise-induced Hearing Loss in Chinese Han Population

The effects of genetic factors on the noise-induced hearing loss （NIHL） are still unclear. In the present study, eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） included rs1227049 and rs3802711 （CDH23）, rs1695 （GSTP1）, rs137852540 （GJB2）, rs2289274 （PMCA2）, rs4880 （SOD2）, rs7943316, and rs769214 within CAT that might associated with NIHL were further validated in Chinese workers. The results showed that the carriers of the T allele （AT＋TT） of rs7943316 and A allele （GA＋AA） of rs769214, were significantly associated with an increased risk of NIHL compared to those with AA genotype （P〈0.05） and GG genotype （P〈0.05）. Moreover, a significant three-locus model （P=0.0107） involving rs2016520, rs9794, and rs1805192 were observed that might associated with NIHL, with 53.95% of testing accuracy. Thus, our present study provided the evidence that GJB2, SOD2, and CAT genes might account for the NIHL development in independently and/or in an interactive manner.

Clustering of Inflammatory Biomarkers and Risk of Hypertension in a Mongolian Population in China

Abstract Objective There is little knowledge on whether there is clustering of inflammatory biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein （CRP）, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule1-1 （slCAM-1）, and angiotensin It （Ang Ⅱ）, in individuals with hypertension in the Mongolian population. In the present study, we investigated this relationship in a Mongolian population in China. Methods A total of 2589 adult Mongolians, aged 20 years and older, were recruited as study participants. Data on demographics, lifestyle, family history of hypertension, blood pressure, and blood chemistry were collected, and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in all participants. Results The proportion of subjects with increased levels of two or three biomarkers was significantly higher in those with hypertension （21.0% and 6.0%, respectively） than in those with prehypertension （12.7% and 0.5%, respectively） or normotension （8.1% and 0.2%, respectively）. The multivariate adjusted odds ratios （95% confidence interval） of hypertension associated with increased levels of one, two or three biomarkers were 0.94 （0.72-1.22）, 1.42 （0.93-2.16）, and 11.08 （1.45-84.80）, respectively, compared with subjects with no increase in any biomarker. Conclusion Hypertension was associated with a cluster of inflammatory biomarkers in the Mongolian population.

Preventing radiocontrast-induced nephropathy in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing coronary angiography

Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy(RCIN) is an acute and severe complication after coronary angiography,particularly for patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease(CKD).It has been associated with both short-and long-term adverse outcomes,including the need for renal replacement therapy,increased length of hospital stay,major cardiac adverse events,and mortality.RCIN is generally defined as an increase in serum creatinine concentration of 0.5 mg/dL or 25%above baseline within 48 h after contrast administration.There is no effective therapy once injury has occurred,therefore,prevention is the cornerstone for all patients at risk for acute kidney injury(AKI).There is a small but growing body of evidence that prevention of AKI is associated with a reduction in later adverse outcomes.The optimal strategy for preventing RCIN has not yet been established.This review discusses the principal risk factors for RCIN,evaluates and summarizes the evidence for RCIN prophylaxis,and proposes recommendations for preventing RCIN in CKD patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Tree-ring δ^(15)N of Qinghai spruce in the central Qilian Mountains of China:Is pre-treatment of wood samples necessary?

A knowledge of the tree-ring stable nitrogen isotope ratio(δ^(15)N)can deepen our understanding of forest ecosystem dynamics by indicating the long-term availability,cycling and sources of nitrogen(N).However,the radial mobility of N blurs the interannual variations in the long-term N records.Previous studies of the chemical extraction of tree rings before analysis had produced inconsistent results and it is still unclear whether it is necessary to pre-treat wood samples from specific tree species to remove soluble N compounds before determining theδ^(15)N values.We compared the effects of pre-treatment with organic solvents and hot ultrapure water on the N concentration andδ^(15)N of tree rings from endemic Qinghai spruce(Picea crassifolia)growing in the interior of the central Qilian Mountains,China,during the last 60 a.We assessed the effects of different preparation protocols on the removal of the labile N compounds and investigated the need to pre-treat wood samples before determining theδ^(15)N values of tree rings.Increasing trends of the tree-ring N concentration were consistently observed in both the extracted and unextracted wood samples.The total N removed by extraction with organic solvents was about 17.60%,with a significantly higher amount in the sapwood section(P<0.01).Theδ^(15)N values of tree rings decreased consistently from 1960 to 2019 in both the extracted and unextracted wood samples.Extraction with organic solvents increased theδ^(15)N values markedly by about 5.2‰and reduced the variations in theδ^(15)N series.However,extraction with hot ultrapure water had little effect,with only a slight decrease in theδ^(15)N values of about 0.5‰.Our results showed that the radial pattern in the inter-ring movement of N in Qinghai spruce was not minimized by extraction with either organic solvents or hot ultrapure water.It is unnecessary to conduct hot ultrapure water extraction for the wood samples from Qinghai spruce because of its negligible effect on the removal of the labile N.Theδ^(15)N variation trend of tree rings in the unextracted wood samples was not influenced by the heartwood-sapwood transition zone.We suggest that theδ^(15)N values of the unextracted wood samples of the climate-sensitive Qinghai spruce could be used to explore the ecophysiological dynamics while focusing on the long-term variations.

Production of Poly（3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate） by Recombinant Pseudomonas stutzeri 1317 from Unrelated Carbon Sources

合成生物学诺言将由装配整个小径的分开的模块简化新陈代谢的小径的构造。这为象 polyhydroxyalkanoates (公众房产管理局) 那样的工业产品的微生物引起的生产给新途径。在这研究，(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate )(PHBHHx ) 由 Pseudomonas stutzeri， 1317 从无关的碳采购原料 poly 生产例如葡萄糖， P 的 phaC1-phaZ-phaC2 操纵子。stutzeri 1317 被击倒产生 PHA 缺乏的变异的 P。stutzeri 1317LF。然后，包含 phaCAhAReBRe， phaCAhBReGPp 和 phaCAhPAh 的三个模块被介绍进 P。stutzeri 1317LF 独立。饮料烧瓶结果显示先锋供应和公众房产管理局 synthase 活动是为 P 的 PHBHHx 累积的重要因素。stutzeri 1317LF。而且，从不同的碳资源的 recombinants 的 PHBHHx 累积被执行。最高的 PHBHHx 内容是 23.7%( 由质量) 与 58.6%( 由鼹鼠) 3HB 部分。这些结果为进一步改进 P 的 PHBHHx 累积提供基础。从无关的碳来源的 stutzeri。

Implementation science for the adductor canal block:A new and adaptable methodology process

BACKGROUND Following the successful Perioperative Surgical Home(PSH)practice for total knee arthroplasty(TKA)at our institution,the need for continuous improvement was realized,including the deimplementation of antiquated PSH elements and introduction of new practices.AIM To investigate the transition from femoral nerve blocks(FNB)to adductor canal nerve blocks(ACB)during TKA.METHODS Our 13-month study from June 2016 to 2017 was divided into four periods:a three-month baseline(103 patients),a one-month pilot(47 patients),a three-month implementation and hardwiring period(100 patients),and a six-month evaluation period(185 patients).In total,435 subjects were reviewed.Data within 30 postoperative days were extracted from electronic medical records,such as physical therapy results and administration of oral morphine equivalents(OME).RESULTS Our institution reduced FNB application(64% to 3%)and increased ACB utilization(36% to 97%)at 10 mo.Patients in the ACB group were found to have increased ambulation on the day of surgery(4.1 vs 2.0 m)and lower incidence of falls(0 vs 1%)and buckling(5% vs 27%)compared with FNB patients(P<0.05).While ACB patients(13.9)reported lower OME than FNB patients(15.9),the difference(P=0.087)did not fall below our designated statistical threshold of P value<0.05.CONCLUSION By demonstrating closure of the“knowledge to action gap”within 6 mo,our institution’s findings demonstrate evidence in the value of implementation science.Physician education,technical support,and performance monitoring were deemed key facilitators of our program’s success.Expanded patient populations and additional orthopedic procedures are recommended for future study.

Investigation on Wetland Resources of Bashan Lake in Chongqing Municipality

Based on the investigation on the wetland resources of Bashan Lake in Chongqing, the existing problems in the protection and utilization of Bashan Lake wetland and Chongqing Bashan National Wetland Park were analyzed. Specific suggestions were put forward, which provided basic references for the protection of Bashan Lake wetland and construction of Chongqing Bashan Lake National Wetland Park.

Original Research: Pupillary Constriction Velocity and Latency to Predict Excessive Daytime Sleepiness

Background: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is common in adults. A need exists for an easier and faster objective clinical measures of EDS. The autonomic nervous system controls pupil size and prior pupillometry studies have demonstrated associations with sleepiness. We used a novel portable device to assess pupillometry and prospectively evaluated a sleep clinic cohort. Methods: Following IRB approval Pupillometry (The ForSiteTM, NeurOptics, Irvine, CA), was performed on 113 sleep clinic patients. Constriction and dilation velocity and latencies, minimum and maximum aperture were obtained along with Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS), 10 point Visual Analog Scale (VAS), BMI, gender, age and AHI. Three sets of measures were obtained and analyzed with ANOVA, t-test, Linear Regression and Pearson correlation coefficients (SAS, Cary, NC). Results: Both constriction velocity and latency correlated with VAS (n = 88, r = 0.28, p = 0.007 and r = 0.31, p = 0.004). Only constriction velocity correlated with AHI (n = 78, r = -0.27, p = 0.016). Multivariate linear regression which includes VAS and age predicted constriction velocity (r = 0.36, p = 0.002) and latency (r = 0.38, p = 0.001). Using Pearson correlation, AHI and VAS combined were associated with constriction velocity (-0.273 (0.016), and 0.284 (0.007), respectively). Using a maximum constriction velocity threshold value (age adjusted) of 2.8, VAS ≥ 6 was predicted with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 84%. Conclusions: Pupillary constriction velocity and latency predict self-reported VAS state of sleepiness. While both are affected by age, only constriction velocity is affected by apnea severity. These data suggest that a portable pupillometer may provide a method to identify individuals with abnormal sleepiness.

A Correlation Coefficient Approach for Evaluation of Stiffness Degradation of Beams Under Moving Load

This paper presents a new approach using correlation and cross-correlation coefficients to evaluate the stiffness degradation of beams under moving load.The theoretical study of identifying defects by vibration methods showed that the traditional methods derived from the vibration measurement data have not met the needs of the actual issues.We show that the correlation coefficients allow us to evaluate the degree and the effectiveness of the defects on beams.At the same time,the cross-correlation model is the basis for determining the relative position of defects.The results of this study are experimentally conducted to confirm the relationship between the correlation coefficients and the existence of the defects.In particular,the manuscript shows that the sensitivity of the correlation coefficients and cross-correlation is much higher than the parameters such as changes in stiffness(EJ)and natural frequency values(Δf).This study suggests using the above parameters to evaluate the stiffness degradation of beams by vibration measurement data in practice.

Original Research: Treating Sleep Disorders Has Positive Outcomes in Psychiatric Illnesses

Introduction: Sleep and psychiatric disorders are common, and often co-morbid. Sleep disorders may predispose to development or exacerbation of psychiatric disorders. Authors hypothesized that treatment of sleep disorders improve outcomes in psychiatric illnesses. Methods: Charts of patients diagnosed with sleep disorders from October 2007 to December 2007 were reviewed. Outcomes in patients with co-morbid psychiatric disorders were recorded at 6, 12 and 24 months after initiation of sleep disorder treatment. These patients received a baseline psychiatric status score of 0. Change in status at each subsequent time point was scored as: ?2 (marked worsening), ?1 (mild worsening), 0 (no change), +1 (mild improvement) or +2 (marked improvement). We individually compared change in average score at each time point to baseline using the signed rank test. We compared provider documented compliance to sleep therapies between patients with and without psychiatric disorders using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Of 127 charts reviewed, 10 were excluded as patients died within follow-up period. No death was reported as suicide. Of 117 patients, 97.64% were men, 2.36% were women. Age range: 21 - 40: 7.69%, 41 - 60: 42.74%, 61 - 80: 47.87%, >81: 1.70%. 58 patients (45.67%) had coexistent psychiatric diagnoses. There was no difference in provider documented compliance rate to sleep therapies between patients with and without psychiatric disorders at 6, 12 and 24 months, (Fisher’s p value 0.1031, 0.2290 and 0.2248 respectively). Psychiatric status progressively improved compared to baseline (Change in average score by +0.45, +0.56, and +0.79 at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Psychiatric disorders did not affect compliance to sleep related treatment. Treatment of co-morbid sleep disorders is associated with improvement in psychiatric disorders. Authors recommend need for prospective study with more subjects.

Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation System of Roselle(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a tissue culture and rapid propagation system of roselle(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)[Methods]A tissue culture and rapid propagation experiment was carried out with roselle plants as materials to study the suitable explants,the best disinfection method,the best growth medium,the best rooting medium and the transplanting and domestication method of roselle.[Results]The lateral buds of roselle were the best explants.Sterilizing with 0.1%mercuric chloride for 7 min showed a contamination rate of 5%and achieved a survival rate of 90%.With MS as the basic medium,adding 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5 mg/L IBA could obtain the best effect of bud induction.The medium with the highest proliferation rate was MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+BA 0.1 mg/L.On the basis of 1/2MS,adding 0.5 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L IBA could make adventitious buds root fastest and most,and greatly improve the propagation coefficient.And 1∶1 perlite rock:peat soil was the best transplanting substrate,with which the transplanting survival rate reached 95%.[Conclusions]This study provides technical reference for rapid cultivation and large-scale planting of roselle.

A PCR-based Rapid Neutralization Assay for GⅡ.4 Norovirus Infection in HIEC6 Cell Culture

Because of limited viral replication and lack of cytopathic effect in cell culture,a new PCR-based rapid seroneutralization assay for detection of GII.4norovirus neutralized antibodies was developed with serum samples from acute-phase patients,convalescent-phase patients and healthy controls.According to this study,neutralizing antibodies were detected in 100% ofconvalescent-phase sera, and in 2.5% of healthy controls sera. However, all of the acute-phase serum samples could not neutralize virus efficiently. Compared to the results from ELISA （96.2% at sensitivity and 80% at specificity）, the present in vitro neutralization assay is more specific and more sensitive.

A New Era of Sci-Tech Innovation

JUST before the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),on September 29,the world’s first trunk line of quantum telecommunication–the Jing-Hu(BeijingShanghai)Trunk Line–opened,which is connected with the world’s first quantum satellite"Micius,"named after an ancient Chinese philosopher.

Prolonged Opioid-Sparing Pain Control after Hemorrhoidectomy with Liposome Bupivacaine: Results from a Cohort of 95 Patients

The objective of this retrospective study was to examine the effects of an intraoperative injection of liposome bupivacaine on the quality and duration of postsurgical pain control, patient satisfaction, and opioid use in a cohort of patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy in an outpatient setting. Patients underwent ambulatory hemorrhoidectomy conducted by a single surgeon. Liposome bupivacaine 266 mg/20 mL was administered via infiltration at the end of surgery. After discharge, pain-related outcomes were assessed via telephone interviews. Outcomes of interest included first onset of pain after surgery, patient-reported pain intensity (0 = no pain;10 = worst pain imaginable), time to first use of orally administered opioids after surgery, number of opioid tablets consumed postsurgery, and patient’s satisfaction with postsurgical pain control. A total of 95 patients were included;the average number of hemorrhoids excised was 3.0 (median, 2.7) per patient. Mean time to first onset of pain after surgery was 36 hours;mean time to first consumption of postsurgical opioids was 38 hours. Mean pain intensity scores remained <5 through 72 hours after surgery. The average number of opioid analgesic tablets consumed after surgery was 12.4;13% (12/95) of patients required no postsurgical opioids. Seventy-five percent of patients reported being “very satisfied” or “perfectly satisfied” with their overall pain control. No liposome bupivacaine-related adverse events were observed. A single intraoperative injection of liposome bupivacaine safely facilitated ambulatory hemorrhoidectomy, eliminated the need for intravenous opioids, minimized opioid use, and was associated with high levels of patient satisfaction.

直肠泌尿道会阴瘘:一种罕见畸形

Two patients who presented with a unique anorectal malformation are described. They had what we have named rectourinary perineal fistula. The first patient had a more severe malformation, rectovesicoperineal fistula, and has been followed up for 28 years. The second, with a lesser malformation, rectourethroperineal fistula, has been followed up for 19 years.

Three dimensional active sound field cancellation

In this paper, a novel method for Three dimensional active sound field cancellation is proposed. The optimum sound cancellations in different situations may be obtained. An array whose elements lie on a set of rings placed on the surface of a scattering object is considered as the device. It is quite possible to cancel the scattered sound field to any arbitrary level over either the whole space or a partial area of interest, as long as the number of the array elements issufficient

Effect of intravenous sedation on patients’ visual experience and vital signs during cataract surgery under topical anesthesia: A randomized controlled trial

Purpose:Effect of intravenous sedation on patients’visual experience and vital signs during cataract surgery under topical anesthesia:a randomized controlled trial.Design:Prospective,double masked,randomized controlled trial.Methods:150 eyes of 150 patients undergoing phacoemulsification and IOL implantation under topical anesthesia were randomized to receive either intravenous midazolam(0.015 mg/kg)or normal saline.The patients’experience was evaluated using a questionnaire.Vital signs including blood pressure and heart rate were measured before,during and after surgery.Mean arterial pressure(MAP)was calculated.Results:Both groups were comparable except that fewer patients in the control group were pseudophakic in the fellow eye(25.3%vs.41.3%).More patients in the control group perceived hand movements(p<0.01),surgeon/medical staff(p?0.04)and sudden increase in vision during surgery(p<0.01)compared to midazolam group.More control group patients experienced fear(p<0.001),pain(p=0.06)and unpleasant surgical experience(20.3%vs.1.3%,p<0.001).They also experienced greater fluctuation in MAP(16.9±7.9 vs.7.2±5.3,p<0.001)and this was accentuated in hypertensives.After adjusting for age,gender,hypertension status and other eye lens status,multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that subjects in the control arm(OR=11.7,95%[CI]=1.3-108,p=0.03),had a longer duration of surgery,experienced pain and more likely to report unpleasant experience.Adjusting for similar covariates,multivariable linear regression analysis showed that control group patients(β=8.5 mmHg,95%CI=6.2-10.8,p=0.03)had hypertension,experienced fear during surgery and greater fluctuations in the MAP.Conclusions:A sedative dose of intravenous midazolam during phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia significantly reduces patients’visual experience,fear and fluctuations in MAP and improves overall surgical experience.