Rosmarinic acid improves tracheal smooth muscle responsiveness and lung pathological changes in ovalbumin-sensitized rats

Objective:To evaluate the effect of rosmarinic acid on tracheal smooth muscle responsiveness and lung pathological changes in ovalbumin-sensitized rats.Methods:Rats were randomly divided into six groups:the control group,the asthmatic group,and the asthmatic groups treated with dexamethasone(1 mg/kg;oral gavage)or three doses of rosmarinic acid(0.5,1,and 2 mg/kg;oral gavage).For induction of asthma,rats received intraperitoneal injections and inhalation of ovalbumin.After 21 days,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung samples were collected for histopathological analyses.Moreover,total and differential white blood cell counts were determined.Results:The rosmarinic acid-treated group had significantly lower tracheal smooth muscle responses to methacholine than the asthmatic group.In addition,rosmarinic acid reduced white blood cell count and the percentages of eosinophils,monocytes,and neutrophils while increasing the percentage of lymphocytes.Ovalbumin-induced lung pathological changes were significantly improved by treatment with rosmarinic acid.Conclusions:Rosmarinic acid improves tracheal smooth muscle responsiveness and lung pathological changes in ovalbumin-sensitized rats.

q–differ-integral operator on p–valent functions associated with operator on Hilbert space

Making use of multivalent functions with negative coefficients of the type f (z)=z^(p)-~(∑)_(k=p+1)^(∞)a_(k)z^(k),which are analytic in the open unit disk and applying the q-derivative a q–differintegral operator is considered.Furthermore by using the familiar Riesz-Dunford integral,a linear operator on Hilbert space H is introduced.A new subclass of p-valent functions related to an operator on H is defined.Coefficient estimate,distortion bound and extreme points are obtained.The convolution-preserving property is also investigated.

ML and CFD Simulation of Flow Structure around Tandem Bridge Piers in Pressurized Flow

Various regions are becoming increasingly vulnerable to the increased frequency of floods due to the recent changes in climate and precipitation patterns throughout the world.As a result,specific infrastructures,notably bridges,would experience significant flooding for which they were not intended and would be submerged.The flow field and shear stress distribution around tandem bridge piers under pressurized flow conditions for various bridge deck widths are examined using a series of three-dimensional(3D)simulations.It is indicated that scenarios with a deck width to pier diameter(Ld/p)ratio of 3 experience the highest levels of turbulent disturbance.In addition,maximum velocity and shear stresses occur in cases with Ld/p equal to 6.Results indicate that increasing the number of piers from 1 to 2 and 3 results in the increase of bed shear stress by 24%and 20%respectively.Finally,five machine learning algorithms,including Decision Trees(DT),Feed Forward Neural Networks(FFNN),and three Ensemble models,are implemented to estimate the flow field and the turbulent structure.Results indicated that the highest accuracy for estimation of U,and W,were obtained using AdaBoost ensemble with R2=0.946 and 0.951,respectively.Besides,the Random Forest algorithm outperformed AdaBoost slightly in the estimation of V and turbulent kinetic energy(TKE)with R2=0.894 and 0.951,respectively.

非稳态纳米流体在加磁场平行板间流动的传热分析

本研究采用微分变换法和Akbari-Ganji法,研究了施加均匀磁场对纳米流体在两个无限平行板间流动的自然对流传热的影响。在得到控制方程并在特定边界条件下求解问题后,研究了Prandtl数、挤压次数、Schmidt数、Hartmann数、Eckert数、布朗运动参数和热电泳参数等主要参数的影响。将相似变换用于求解常微分方程组,并与Rung-Kutta四阶数值法进行对比。研究结果表明,增加挤压次数会导致速度减慢,增加Hartman数也有类似的影响。此外,温度随着Hartman数、Eckert数和热电泳参数的增大而升高,且与Prandtl数成正比。我们对比研究了Akbari-Ganji法和微分变换法求解非线性微分方程,结果表明,前者需要的计算步骤更少和计算时间更短,是一种更有效的方法。使用建议的方法获得的解与文献中的解一致。这些结果有助于研究人员更快、更容易地进行分析,并为纳米流体在电磁场存在下流动的复杂行为提供重要见解。

Physiological responses of Brassica napus to fulvic acid under water stress: Chlorophyll a fluorescence and antioxidant enzyme activity

The ameliorative effect of fulvic acid(0, 300, and 600 mg L-1) on photosystem II and antioxidant enzyme activity of the rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) plant under water stress(60, 100, and 140 mm evaporation from class A pan) was studied using split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that application of fulvic acid(FA) improved the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII(Fv/Fm)and performance index(PI) of plants under both well-watered and limited-water conditions. The time span from Foto Fmand the energy necessary for the closure of all reaction centers was significantly increased, but the size of the plastoquinone pool was reduced with increasing water stress levels. Plants treated with FA had higher peroxidase and catalase activities under all irrigation conditions. Activities of ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in plants increased with increasing water stress. Malondialdehyde increased under severe water stress, but application of FA significantly decreased lipid peroxidation. Production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) is a common phenomenon in plants under stress. Under this condition, the balance between the production of ROS and the quenching activity of antioxidants is upset, often resulting in oxidative damage. In this study, application of FA significantly increased fluorescence of chlorophyll a, inhibiting ROS production and enhancing antioxidant enzymes activity that destroyed ROS. Thus, ROS in plant cells was reduced under water stress by application of FA and consequently lipid peroxidation was reduced.

利用水/氧化锌纳米流体改善平板太阳能集热器的性能

本文通过实验研究了水/氧化锌纳米流体作为工作流体对太阳能集热器性能的影响,其中纳米粒子的体积浓度为0.4%,粒径为40 nm,流体的质量流量为1~3 kg/min。平板集热器吸收的太阳能被水/氧化锌纳米流体吸收,纳米流体被泵送到热交换器对水进行加热。测量设备不同部位的温度、辐射水平、流量和压力,使用ASHRAE标准来计算效率,结果表明:与水相比,使用水/氧化锌纳米流体可提高集热器的性能;当质量流量为1 kg/min时,与水相比,纳米流体可使集热器效率提高16%。

Climate change and agriculture:Impacts and adaptive responses in Iran

The impacts of climate change on agriculture are still shadowed with uncertainty.However,climate change is expected to adversely affect Iran's agricultural practices through changes in precipitation,temperature and carbon dioxide fertilization.Therefore,adaptation of this sector to the increasing weather events is imperative.This study is aimed to document the likely impacts of climate change on Iran's agriculture and the current adaptation efforts made by government and farmers.The review of literature shows that changes in rainfall and water endowments will have significant impacts on crop yield,crops' water requirements and income and welfare of farm families.The extent of the changes in yield depends on the crop type,assumptions related to the CO_2 fertilization effect,climate scenarios and adaptation abilities.On adaptation,the government's efforts have been distinguished in the improving agricultural productivity and irrigation development based on current technology,developing new technologies and policy reforms.Farmers' adaptive responses have also been identified.Some conclusions and recommendations are offered to increase the adaptive capacity of farmers and reduce negative impacts of climate change.

Microfacies models and sequence stratigraphic architecture of the Oligocene-Miocene Qom Formation, south of Qom City, Iran

The OligoceneeMiocene Qom Formation has different depositional models in the Central Iran,SanandajeSirjan and Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc provinces in Iran.The Kahak section of the Qom Formation in the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc has been studied,in order to determinate its microfacies,depositional model and sequence stratigraphy.The textural analysis and faunal assemblages reveal ten microfacies.These microfacies are indicative of five depositional settings of open marine,patch reef,lagoon,tidal flat and beach of the inner and middle ramp.On the basis of the vertical succession architecture of depositional system tracts,four third-order sequences have been recognized in the OligoceneeMiocene Kahak succession of Qom Formation.Based on the correlation charts,the transgression of the Qom Sea started from the southeast and continued gradually towards the north.This resulted in widespread northward development of the lagoon paleoenvironment in the Aquitanian-Burdigalian stages.Also,the sequence stratigraphic model of the OligoceneeMiocene Qom Formation has an architecture similar to those that have developed from OligoceneeMiocene global sea level changes.

An analytical study of vibration in functionally graded piezoelectric nanoplates: nonlocal strain gradient theory

In this paper,we analytically study vibration of functionally graded piezoelectric(FGP)nanoplates based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory.The top and bottom surfaces of the nanoplate are made of PZT-5H and PZT-4,respectively.We employ Hamilton’s principle and derive the governing differential equations.Then,we use Navier’s solution to obtain the natural frequencies of the FGP nanoplate.In the first step,we compare our results with the obtained results for the piezoelectric nanoplates in the previous studies.In the second step,we neglect the piezoelectric effect and compare our results with those obtained for the functionally graded(FG)nanoplates.Finally,the effects of the FG power index,the nonlocal parameter,the aspect ratio,and the lengthto-thickness ratio,and the nanoplate shape on natural frequencies are investigated.

Rule of Structural Factors in Formation of Porphyry Copper Deposits in South Western Part of Kerman Area, Iran

Kerman area is located in southern parts of central Iranian volcanic belt. The area under study is located in the southern part of this complex copper mineralization in the area, which is mainly porphyry type and is associated with extensive hydrothermal alteration. This area has a great potential as far as tertiary porphyry copper deposits are concerned. To the exploration of porphyry copper deposits in study area, we have analyzed the lineaments. The lineaments interpreted out from ETM + (band8) data is recognized as another method for locating porphyry type copper mineralization. There is a close correlation between photo lineament factor values and the known copper mineralization in the area. The relationship between 16 porphyry copper deposits with faults and fractures in the area is studied. Photo lineament factor assessments by using satellite photos indicate a strong relationship between a number of lineation intersection in each cell refer to an amount of average lineation in whole map (c/C ratio). In the study area, ratio of c/C even has more relationship refers to PF factor that has previously described in the papers.

An efficient fluorination of β-ketosulfones promoted by a room-temperature ionic liquid at ambient conditions under ultrasound irradiation using Selectfluor^(TM) F-TEDA-BF_4

The fluorination reaction involving aβ-ketosulfones by Selectfluor^(TM) was efficiently promoted by the ionic liquid,[Hbim]BF_4 (EL) as a reaction medium with methanol as co-solvent at room temperature under ultrasonic irradiation to afford the corresponding mono and difluoro-β-ketosulfones in excellent yields.The advantages of this method include among others the use of a recyclable, non-volatile ionic liquid,which promotes this protocol under room temperature without the requirement of any added catalyst under ultrasonic irradiation.

Wet 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine(TCT) as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 2,4,6-triarylpyridines under solvent-free conditions

2,4,6-triarylpyridines 的有效一个壶合成被描述了。这在 130 潣普物敭在没有溶剂的状况下面面对湿 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT ) 的催化数量包含醛，酉同类和铵醋酸盐的三部件的反应吗？？

Biostratigraphy and Paleoecology of Maastrichtian Sediments in the Zagros Basin, Iran

To enable the lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic study of the Gurpi Formation,within the ‘Dezak' or Globigerina Marl,a stratigraphic section at Booraki,located to the NNW of Shiraz,SW Iran,through the late Cretaceous was examined.The formation consists of shale and greenish-gray marls interbedded with cream limestone,brown sandstones and siltstones with an exposed thickness of 160 m in the studied section.Samples were taken at regular intervals in all yielding 14 genera and 16 different species of benthic and planktic foraminifera that allowed determination of the age of the beds as Maastrichtian.To examine the paleoecology of the formation,some important ecological factors including water level,salinity,and oxygen regime change during the depositional courses of the formation were analyzed.The density of foraminiferans decreases from the base to top of the Gurpi Formation whereas the ratio of planktic to benthic Foraminifera(i.e.,P/B) and proportion of shallow-water fauna increase.These foraminiferal changes indicate an increase and decrease in depth,temperature,salinity and oxygen,respectively,at the base and top of the Formation.

Mineralogical Evidence for Regional Metamorphism Overprinted by Contact Metamorphism

The Soursat metamorphic complex(SMC) in northwestern Iran is part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic belt.The complex is composed of different metamorphic and plutonic rocks,but is dominated by metapelites composed of garnet,staurolite,kyanite,fibrolite,cordierite,and andalusite.Porphyroblasts in schists have the same fabric,and three stages of schistosity are present.The internal schistosity(Sn) inclusion trails are also offset by conjugate sets of extensional schistosity(Sn+1) and a second(Sn+2) that crenulates(Sn+1).Polyphase metamorphisms are present in the complex.Garnet,staurolite,kyanite,and fibrolite assemblage preserves conditions during the M1 metamorphic event.This assemblage yields a P-t estimate of 645±11°C and 6.5±0.5 kbar.Other samples of the central part of SMC contain cordierite and andalusite(M2) overgrowth that yields a P-t estimate of 532±33°C and 2.1±1.1 kbar.

Ni/Al LDH纳米粒子改性的陶瓷碳电极对甲醇和乙醇电催化氧化性能(英文)

A Ni/Al layered double hydroxide(LDH) nanoparticle modified carbon ceramic electrode(Ni/Al LDH/NMCC) was fabricated and used for the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol and ethanol in alkaline media.Cyclic voltammetric(CV) studies showed that it gave a significantly higher activity for methanol and ethanol oxidation and can be used as an electrocatalytic anode for fuel cells.The kinetic parameters of the electron transfer coefficient(α) and number of electrons involved in the rate determining step(nα) for the oxidation of methanol and ethanol were determined using CV.The anodic currents showed a linear dependence on the concentration of methanol and ethanol.

Changes induced by osmotic stress in the morphology, biochemistry, physiology, anatomy and stomatal parameters of almond species(Prunus L. spp.) grown in vitro

We investigated the influence of different levels of osmotic stress on growth and development in selected wild almond species(eight Prunus spp.) grown in vitro. The study, while endorsing the efficacy of in vitro screening of auxiliary buds of wild almond for osmotic stress tolerance, showed species variability in its response to osmotic stress. Osmotic stress reduced growth and development of all the species. However, the putative tolerant Prunus spp. showed better performance than the putative susceptible genotypes. On average there was an 80% decrease in shoot dry weight at-1.2 MPa. Reduction in shoot weight was more common in osmotic stress-susceptible species in the section labeled ‘Euamygdalus'. The tolerant Prunus species produced smaller changes in biochemical responses than the sensitive cultivars for malondialdehyde content, catalase activity, relative permeability of protoplast membranes, and net photosynthetic rate. The tolerant species maintained cell integrity better than drought sensitive species. Wild almond species in the section labeled ‘Spartioides'(Prunus arabica(Olivier) Neikle, Prunus glauca (Browicz) A.E. Murray, Prunus scoparia Spach) and ‘Lycioides'(Prunus lycioides Spach, Prunus reuteri Bossi. et Bushe) were best adapted to osmotic stress. Increase in chlorophyll concentration and leaf thickness under high osmotic stress can be considered as preliminary selection parameters for osmotic stress tolerance in Prunus spp. The study confirmed the efficacy of the in vitro method for screening of large number of genotypes for osmotic stress tolerance in wild almond species.

Developing a prediction model for customer churn from electronic banking services using data mining

Background:Given the importance of customers as the most valuable assets of organizations,customer retention seems to be an essential,basic requirement for any organization.Banks are no exception to this rule.The competitive atmosphere within which electronic banking services are provided by different banks increases the necessity of customer retention.Methods:Being based on existing information technologies which allow one to collect data from organizations’databases,data mining introduces a powerful tool for the extraction of knowledge from huge amounts of data.In this research,the decision tree technique was applied to build a model incorporating this knowledge.Results:The results represent the characteristics of churned customers.Conclusions:Bank managers can identify churners in future using the results of decision tree.They should be provide some strategies for customers whose features are getting more likely to churner’s features.

Surface and thermal effects on vibration of embedded alumina nanobeams based on novel Timoshenko beam model

This paper deals with the free vibration analysis of circular alumina(Al2O3)nanobeams in the presence of surface and thermal effects resting on a Pasternak foundation. The system of motion equations is derived using Hamilton's principle under the assumptions of the classical Timoshenko beam theory. The effects of the transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia are also considered within the framework of the mentioned theory. The separation of variables approach is employed to discretize the governing equations which are then solved by an analytical method to obtain the natural frequencies of the alumina nanobeams. The results show that the surface effects lead to an increase in the natural frequency of nanobeams as compared with the classical Timoshenko beam model. In addition, for nanobeams with large diameters, the surface effects may increase the natural frequencies by increasing the thermal effects. Moreover, with regard to the Pasternak elastic foundation, the natural frequencies are increased slightly. The results of the present model are compared with the literature, showing that the present model can capture correctly the surface effects in thermal vibration of nanobeams.

新型磺酸功能化吡啶盐酸盐离子液体催化剂用于六氢喹啉合成(英文)

Sulfonic acid functionalized pyridinium chloride [pyridine-SO3 H]Cl has been synthesized as a novel Brnsted acidic ionic liquid and characterized on the basis of its FT-IR,1H and 13C NMR,MS,ther-mogravimetry,and derivative thermogravimetry data.The material has also been used as a highly efficient,homogeneous,and reusable catalyst for the preparation of hexahydroquinolines according to the one-pot multi-component condensation of arylaldehydes,dimedone(5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione),β-ketoesters,and ammonium acetate under solvent-free conditions.