Availability of magnetic materials is most crucial for modern Europe,as they are integral to energy conversion across the renewable energy and electric mobility sectors.Unfortunately,there is still no circular economy...Availability of magnetic materials is most crucial for modern Europe,as they are integral to energy conversion across the renewable energy and electric mobility sectors.Unfortunately,there is still no circular economy to reuse and capture value for these types of materials.With the prediction that the need for NdFeB Rare Earth(RE)magnets will double in the next 10 years,this problem becomes even more urgent.As the quality of the recollected materials varies significantly,the development of a classification system for recyclate grades of EOL NdFeB magnets in combination with an eco-labelling system for newly produced RE permanent magnets is proposed to clearly identify different magnet types and qualities.It categorises the NdFeB magnets by technical pre-processing requirements,facilitating use of the highly effective HPMS process(Hydrogen Processing of Magnetic Scrap)for re-processing extracted materials directly from NdFeB alloy.The proposed measures will have a great impact to overcome existing low recycling rates due to poor collection,high leakages of collected materials into non-suitable channels,and inappropriate interface management between logistics,mechanical pre-processing and metallurgical metals recovery.展开更多
P/H-cascade controlled servo axes sometimes provide insufficient damping of structural vibrations, especially for high dynamic machine tools or robots. The axis performance can be improved significantly by state space...P/H-cascade controlled servo axes sometimes provide insufficient damping of structural vibrations, especially for high dynamic machine tools or robots. The axis performance can be improved significantly by state space control extensions that are meanwhile available for commercial machine tool control systems. This contribution explains the state space control extension application with effective commissioning rules of thumb for benefit is elucidated by exemplary machine tool axes. typical machine tool axes as well as robot joint drives. The achievable展开更多
This paper explores how empirical capability approach studies assess well-being for young and old generations in affluent countries, defined as high-income OECD countries. After a brief overview on the theoretical cap...This paper explores how empirical capability approach studies assess well-being for young and old generations in affluent countries, defined as high-income OECD countries. After a brief overview on the theoretical capability background and empirical core decisons, the authors discuss empirical capability studies on the well-being of children, adolescents and the elderly. The authors find that the issues of child and youth well-being have been increasing interested by capability researchers while despite of the importance of demographic change, few researchers deal with old-age issues. The authors conclude that for young as well as old generations, capability approach studies confirm that income assessment is not sufficient to capture well-being for the young and the old but has to be enriched by a more comprehensive perspective on capabilities and functionings. Moreover, it is recommendable and issues that have already entered the agenda of studies on for research on elderly to adopt research methods, questions capabilities of children and young adults. As capability sets for both, young and old generations are in general characterized by changes, i.e., expansions in the case of children, declines in the case of older people, both may benefit from a more dynamic perspective on life cycles on their way to potential dynamic capability theories and empirics.展开更多
Commissioning of P/PI-cascade controlled servo axes with flexible load can be quite time consuming, if the step response based setup procedures are applied for the velocity controller as indicated by the automation sy...Commissioning of P/PI-cascade controlled servo axes with flexible load can be quite time consuming, if the step response based setup procedures are applied for the velocity controller as indicated by the automation systems manufacturers. Based on the drive frequency response, suitable rules of thumb with optimum velocity control damping performance are derived in this contribution that turned out to be very efficient in several dozen machine tool servo axis applications of different industrial partners in Switzerland and southern Germany. Anyway, single feedback loop velocity control sometimes provides insufficient damping of structural vibrations, especially for high dynamic machine tools or robots. The axis performance can be improved significantly by state space control extensions that are meanwhile available for commercial machine tool control systems. This contribution explains the state space control extension application with effective commissioning rules of thumb for typical machine tool axes as well as robot joint drives. The achievable benefit is elucidated by exemplary machine tool axes.展开更多
The basic theme of this work is to identify the optimal measurement locations for pres- sure and flow in the systemic circulation to detect aortic stenoses and aneurysms in early stages of a disease. For this purpose,...The basic theme of this work is to identify the optimal measurement locations for pres- sure and flow in the systemic circulation to detect aortic stenoses and aneurysms in early stages of a disease. For this purpose, a linear elastic lumped parameter model of the fluid dynamical simulator, major arterial cardiovascular simulator （MACSim）, is considered and global sensitivity analysis is applied to identify the better measurement locations for pressure and flow in the systemic circulation. The obtained results of sensitivity analysis provide insight that enable the experimentalists to optimize their experimental setups for detecting aortic stenoses and aneurysms using parameter estimation process. From the results, it is observed that the stenosis in the thoracic aorta can be identified from both pressure and flow at the location itself, nearby nodes, aorta ascendens, arcus aorta, arteria subclavia and arteria axillaris. On the other hand, the preferable measurement locations for abdominal aneurysms are locations themselves, nearby nodes and left/right leg of the body.展开更多
文摘Availability of magnetic materials is most crucial for modern Europe,as they are integral to energy conversion across the renewable energy and electric mobility sectors.Unfortunately,there is still no circular economy to reuse and capture value for these types of materials.With the prediction that the need for NdFeB Rare Earth(RE)magnets will double in the next 10 years,this problem becomes even more urgent.As the quality of the recollected materials varies significantly,the development of a classification system for recyclate grades of EOL NdFeB magnets in combination with an eco-labelling system for newly produced RE permanent magnets is proposed to clearly identify different magnet types and qualities.It categorises the NdFeB magnets by technical pre-processing requirements,facilitating use of the highly effective HPMS process(Hydrogen Processing of Magnetic Scrap)for re-processing extracted materials directly from NdFeB alloy.The proposed measures will have a great impact to overcome existing low recycling rates due to poor collection,high leakages of collected materials into non-suitable channels,and inappropriate interface management between logistics,mechanical pre-processing and metallurgical metals recovery.
文摘P/H-cascade controlled servo axes sometimes provide insufficient damping of structural vibrations, especially for high dynamic machine tools or robots. The axis performance can be improved significantly by state space control extensions that are meanwhile available for commercial machine tool control systems. This contribution explains the state space control extension application with effective commissioning rules of thumb for benefit is elucidated by exemplary machine tool axes. typical machine tool axes as well as robot joint drives. The achievable
文摘This paper explores how empirical capability approach studies assess well-being for young and old generations in affluent countries, defined as high-income OECD countries. After a brief overview on the theoretical capability background and empirical core decisons, the authors discuss empirical capability studies on the well-being of children, adolescents and the elderly. The authors find that the issues of child and youth well-being have been increasing interested by capability researchers while despite of the importance of demographic change, few researchers deal with old-age issues. The authors conclude that for young as well as old generations, capability approach studies confirm that income assessment is not sufficient to capture well-being for the young and the old but has to be enriched by a more comprehensive perspective on capabilities and functionings. Moreover, it is recommendable and issues that have already entered the agenda of studies on for research on elderly to adopt research methods, questions capabilities of children and young adults. As capability sets for both, young and old generations are in general characterized by changes, i.e., expansions in the case of children, declines in the case of older people, both may benefit from a more dynamic perspective on life cycles on their way to potential dynamic capability theories and empirics.
文摘Commissioning of P/PI-cascade controlled servo axes with flexible load can be quite time consuming, if the step response based setup procedures are applied for the velocity controller as indicated by the automation systems manufacturers. Based on the drive frequency response, suitable rules of thumb with optimum velocity control damping performance are derived in this contribution that turned out to be very efficient in several dozen machine tool servo axis applications of different industrial partners in Switzerland and southern Germany. Anyway, single feedback loop velocity control sometimes provides insufficient damping of structural vibrations, especially for high dynamic machine tools or robots. The axis performance can be improved significantly by state space control extensions that are meanwhile available for commercial machine tool control systems. This contribution explains the state space control extension application with effective commissioning rules of thumb for typical machine tool axes as well as robot joint drives. The achievable benefit is elucidated by exemplary machine tool axes.
文摘The basic theme of this work is to identify the optimal measurement locations for pres- sure and flow in the systemic circulation to detect aortic stenoses and aneurysms in early stages of a disease. For this purpose, a linear elastic lumped parameter model of the fluid dynamical simulator, major arterial cardiovascular simulator （MACSim）, is considered and global sensitivity analysis is applied to identify the better measurement locations for pressure and flow in the systemic circulation. The obtained results of sensitivity analysis provide insight that enable the experimentalists to optimize their experimental setups for detecting aortic stenoses and aneurysms using parameter estimation process. From the results, it is observed that the stenosis in the thoracic aorta can be identified from both pressure and flow at the location itself, nearby nodes, aorta ascendens, arcus aorta, arteria subclavia and arteria axillaris. On the other hand, the preferable measurement locations for abdominal aneurysms are locations themselves, nearby nodes and left/right leg of the body.
