Performance analysis and design of MIMO-OFDM system using concatenated forward error correction codes

This work investigates the performance of various forward error correction codes, by which the MIMO-OFDM system is deployed. To ensure fair investigation, the performance of four modulations, namely, binary phase shift keying(BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying(QPSK), quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM)-16 and QAM-64 with four error correction codes(convolutional code(CC), Reed-Solomon code(RSC)+CC, low density parity check(LDPC)+CC, Turbo+CC) is studied under three channel models(additive white Guassian noise(AWGN), Rayleigh, Rician) and three different antenna configurations(2×2, 2×4, 4×4). The bit error rate(BER) and the peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR) are taken as the measures of performance. The binary data and the color image data are transmitted and the graphs are plotted for various modulations with different channels and error correction codes. Analysis on the performance measures confirm that the Turbo + CC code in 4×4 configurations exhibits better performance.

20世纪90年代的贫困缓解：中国和印度的比较分析

本文通过对中印两国的文献分析，对20世纪90年代两国的贫困缓解进行了比较研究，表明两国在缓解贫困的路上有很多共同之处。可以发现自从自由化改革以来，中印两国的绝对贫困水平已经降低。然而，两国的贫困分布都是不均的，不公平程度在增加，贫困越来越集中在几个地区和群体。由于两国都在进行经济改革，对缓解贫困中的这些共同的行为很值得进一步探讨。

Innovative Practices for the Promotion of Local/Indigenous Knowl­edge for Disaster Risk Reduction Management in Sudur Paschim Province,Nepal

This study is an attempt to point out the different types of natural hazards in Sudur Paschim province of Nepal where environmental degradation processes such as deforestation,desertification,biodiversity loss,soil crisp and watershed degradation are rising trends.Using participatory method multi hazard prone areas were identified with type and intensity.Multi criteria evaluation method was applied to prioritize replicable actions with location-specific innovative practices and their legitimization for integrating local and indigenous knowledge into mainstream education,science and policy with a view to incorporate local and indigenous knowledge as live science in disaster and climate change education.Findings of the study reveal that varieties of natural hazards in combination with social factors such as poverty,conflict and inequality have resulted frequent disasters and social vulnerabilities in many parts of the province.Traditionally,indigenous and local people have responded threats of multi hazards by using their traditional knowledge and skills which has evolved over generations,and continue to adapt to future changes.These traditional,often faith-based,beliefs and practices were found to use as the key to their resilience in the face of natural hazards.However,many communities have been lost their knowledge as the elderly die without transferring it to younger members.Behind this proper educational policy and strategic development plans have not been implemented to cope local/indigenous knowledge into practices.Findings of the study indicate that indigenous and local knowledge is a precious province resource that can support the process of disaster prevention,preparedness and response in cost-effective disaster risk reduction.Therefore,policy framework has to prime focus to integrate indigenous and local knowledge,wisdom and skills into mainstream educational programs in order to transfer science into policy and education(words)into practice.

RETRACTED: Innovative Practices for the Promotion of Local/In­digenous Knowledge for Disaster Risk Reduction Management in Sudur Paschim Province, Nepal

This article has been retracted.The original article has previously been published elsewhere without disclosure to the editor,permission to republish,or justification(i.e.,redundant publication).We apologise for any inconvenience this retraction may have caused readers.Refers to:RETRACTED:Innovative Practices for the Promotion of Local/Indigenous Knowledge for Disaster Risk Reduction Management in Sudur Paschim Province,Nepal Kabi Prasad Pokhrel,Shambhu Prasad Khatiwada,Narayan Prasad Paudyal,Keshav Raj Dhakal,Chhabi Lal Chidi,Narayan Prasad Timilsena,Dhana Krishna Mahat Journal of Geographical Research,Volume 4,Issue 3,July 2021.

Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on blood transfusion service:an experience from a regional blood transfusion center

The unforeseen and uncertain life-threatening situation of the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically affected all areas of the human daily work schedule.This study was designed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood transfusion services and discuss the adopted confrontation measures for uninterrupted blood supply during the pandemic situation.The data on blood donation,blood component preparation,and issue from January 2019 to December 2022 were collected from the inventory registers of the RBTC,Delhi,India.Compared to the non-pandemic year 2019,during the year 2020,all variables decreased gradually.The observed maximum decrease in variables such as blood collection(–79.16%)in the month of October,blood issue(–71.61%)in the month of August,random donor platelets(RDP)preparation(–98.09%)in the month of October,RDP issue(–86.08%)in the month of September,fresh frozen plasma(FFP)preparation(–100%)in the month of October,and FFP issue(–96.08%)in the month of July with an annual decrease of–45.52%,–42.87%,–33.00%,–59.79%,–40.98%,and–54.48%,respectively,as compared to year 2019.Compared to year 2020,in year 2021,the annual increase in blood collection,blood issue,FFP preparation,FFP issue,RDP preparation,and RDP issue was+50.20%,+21.68%,+65.31%,+78.52%,+116.23%,and+213.30%,respectively.Our study results show that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected blood transfusion services at our blood bank.The adopted coping strategies to maintain the safe and uninterrupted blood transfusion chain at our blood bank gave us lessons for future preparedness if faced with a similar situation.