Cerebral and muscle tissue oxygenation during exercise in healthy adults: A systematic review

Background:Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)technology has allowed for the measurement of cerebral and skeletal muscle oxygenation simultaneously during exercise.Since this technology has been growing and is now successfully used in laboratory and sports settings,this systematic review aimed to synthesize the evidence and enhance an integrative understanding of bloodflow adjustments and oxygen(O_(2))changes(i.e.,the balance between O_(2) delivery and O_(2) consumption)within the cerebral and muscle systems during exercise.Methods:A systematic review was conducted using PubMed,Embase,Scopus,and Web of Science databases to search for relevant studies that simultaneously investigated cerebral and muscle hemodynamic changes using the near-infrared spectroscopy system during exercise.This review considered manuscripts written in English and available before February 9,2023.Each step of screening involved evaluation by 2 inde-pendent authors,with disagreements resolved by a third author.The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies.Results:Twenty studies were included,of which 80%had good methodological quality,and involved 290 young or middle-aged adults.Different types of exercises were used to assess cerebral and muscle hemodynamic changes,such as cycling(n=11),treadmill(n=1),knee extension(n=5),isometric contraction of biceps brachii(n=3),and duet swim routines(n=1).The cerebral hemodynamics anal-ysis was focused on the frontal cortex(n=20),while in the muscle,the analysis involved vastus lateralis(n=18),gastrocnemius(n=3),biceps brachii(n=5),deltoid(n=1),and intercostal muscle(n=1).Overall,muscle deoxygenation increases during exercise,reaching a plateau in voluntary exhaustion,while in the brain,oxyhemoglobin concentration increases with exercise intensity,reaching a plateau or declining at the exhaustion point.Conclusion:Muscle and cerebral oxygenation respond differently to exercise,with muscle increasing O_(2) utilization and cerebral tissue increasing O_(2) delivery during exercise.However,at the exhaustion point,both muscle and cerebral oxygenation become compromised.This is characterized by a reduction in bloodflow and a decrease in O_(2) extraction in the muscle,while in the brain,oxygenation reaches a plateau or decline,potentially resulting in motor failure during exercise.

Impact of Exercise Atmosphere on Adolescents’Exercise Behavior:Chain Mediating Effect of Exercise Identity and Exercise Habit

Appropriate physical exercise has a positive impact on adolescents’physical and mental health,but there is a serious lack of physical exercise among Chinese adolescents.How to shape their exercise behavior(EB)has become an important task in promoting their development.A questionnaire survey was conducted using stratified cluster random sampling on three middle schools by class in Zhejiang Province,China to investigate the impact of exercise atmosphere(EA)on adolescents’exercise behavior and the mediating role of exercise identity(EI)and exercise habit(EH).806 adolescents were investigated by the Exercise Atmosphere Scale(EAS),Exercise-Identity Scale(EIS),Self-Report Habit Index(SRHI),and Physical Activity Rating Scale(PARS-3).The results show that:There is a significant positive correlation between each two of exercise atmosphere,exercise identity,exercise habit,and exercise behavior(p<0.05).Exercise atmosphere could not only directly affect adolescents’physical exercise behavior but can also indirectly affect their physical exercise behavior through the mediating effect of exercise identity and exercise habit,involving three mediating pathways,namely,the mediating path through exercise identity,the mediating pathway through exercise habit and the chain mediating pathway through exercise identity and exercise habit.The direct effect of exercise atmosphere on exercise behavior was 0.459(p<0.01),accounting for 62.62% of the total effect of 0.733,and its indirect effect was 0.274,accounting for 37.28% of the total effect.To a certain extent,the mediating effect model reveals the mechanism of exercise atmosphere affecting exercise behavior and has a certain reference value for promoting adolescents’exercise behavior.We should start by creating an exercise atmosphere,cultivating exercise identity,and enhancing exercise habits to help teenagers form active physical exercise behaviors.

Research and Practice of theoretical framework of College Basketball sports education curriculum system

Education is the combination of basketball education and basketball activity. It is a kind of activity that basketball is as the core form, it is in order to enhance the skills of participants, technology, physical fitness, and promote a comprehensive development of their physical and mental activity, meanwhile basketball is not only a comprehensive gaming activity, but also an integral part of modern competitive sports, in some way, basketball culture is belonging to a particular social and cultural patterns. The quality of the basketball culture can cultivate people＇ s sentiments in the teaching process, and develop human wisdom, so that people grasp different spatial abilities and skills with the laws and govern the movement of the body under the time, the paper analyzes Practice mode theoretical framework of the construction of the basketball sports college education curriculum system.

Study on the Impact of ＂Health Qigong. WuQinxi＂ on the Physical Health of the University Students

This study based on documents and materials, interview, experiment and data statistical analysis, as well as by the means of ＂Health Qigong.WuQinxi＂, and carries on a 4-month exercise intervention aiming at the university students, furthermore to have a comparison of their level scores on physical shape, physiological indicator, before and after the experiment. And we come to a conclusion through this 4-month exercise, when concerns to physical shape and physiological indicator： we can see a significant difference on WHR body mass index and vital capacity （p≤ 0.01）; as well as waist circumference, pulse, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, sit and reach, grip strength （p ≤ 0.05）. So we note that long-term ＂Health Qignng .WuQinxi＂ practice can improve the physical health of the university students, and assess the students who failed to meet health standards physically, and fmally realize our hope promoting the comprehensive development of university students.

Advances in self-powered sports monitoring sensors based on triboelectric nanogenerators

The new era of the internet of things brings great opportunities to the field of intelligent sports.The collection and analysis of sports data are becoming more intelligent driven by the widely-distributed sensing network system.Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)can collect and convert energy as selfpowered sensors,overcoming the limitations of external power supply,frequent power replacement and high-cost maintenance.Herein,we introduce the working modes and principles of TENGs,and then summarize the recent advances in self-powered sports monitoring sensors driven by TENGs in sports equipment facilities,wearable equipment and competitive sports specialities.We discuss the existing issues,i.e.,device stability,material sustainability,device design rationality,textile TENG cleanability,sports sensors safety,kinds and manufacturing of sports sensors,and data collection comprehensiveness,and finally,propose the countermeasures.This work has practical significance to the current TENG applications in sports monitoring,and TENG-based sensing technology will have a broad prospect in the field of intelligent sports in the future.

Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines in children with mental,behavioral,and developmental disorders:Data from the 2016-2020 National Survey of Children's Health

Background:Adopting a healthy lifestyle during childhood could improve physical and mental health outcomes in adulthood and reduce relevant disease burdens.However,the lifestyles of children with mental,behavioral,and developmental disorders(MBDDs)remains under-described within the literature of public health field.This study aimed to examine adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines among children with MBDDs compared to population norms and whether these differences are affected by demographic characteristics.Methods:Data were from the 2016-2020 National Survey of Children’s Health—A national,population-based,cross-sectional study.We used the data of 119,406 children aged 6-17 years,which included 38,571 participants with at least 1 MBDD and 80,835 without.Adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines was measured using parent-reported physical activity,screen time,and sleep duration.Results:Among children with MBDDs,20.3%,37.0%,60.7%,and 77.3%met the physical activity,screen time,sleep,and at least 1 of the 24-hour movement guidelines.These rates were lower than those in children without MBDDs(22.8%,46.2%,66.7%,and 83.4%,respectively;all p<0.001).Children with MBDDs were less likely to meet these guidelines(odds ratio(OR)=1.21,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.13-1.30;OR=1.37,95%CI:1.29-1.45;OR=1.29,95%CI:1.21-1.37;OR=1.45,95%CI:1.35-1.56)than children without MBDDs.Children with emotional disorders had the highest odds of not meeting these guidelines(OR=1.43,95%CI:1.29-1.57;OR=1.48,95%CI:1.37-1.60;OR=1.49,95%CI:1.39-1.61;OR=1.72,95%CI:1.57-1.88)in comparison to children with other MBDDs.Among children aged12-17 years,the difference in proportion of meeting physical activity and screen time guidelines for children with vs.children without MBDD was larger than that among children aged 6-11 years.Furthermore,the above difference of meeting physical activity guidelines in ethnic minority children was smaller than that in white children.Conclusion:Children with MBDDs were less likely to meet individual or combined 24-hour movement guidelines than children without MBDDs.In educational and clinical settings,the primary focus should be on increasing physical activity and limiting screen time in children aged 12-17 years who have MBDDs;and specifically for white children who have MBDDs,increasing physical activity may help.

Elderly Feeding and Nutrition during Hospitalization: An Integrative Review

Objective: to search in the current literature the elements that exert an influence on feeding and nutrition in hospitalized aged people. Method: the following strategies were used for the integrative review stages: research question (Population or Patients;Exposure;Outcomes);analysis flowchart (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses);and levels of evidence corresponding to the studies (Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine). The searches were conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus databases. Results: the initial search yielded 1808 studies, of which 34 comprised the analysis corpus after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The assessments corresponding to nutritional status and to the risk factors for hospitalized aged people are fundamental in defining the diet. An association was found between inadequate energy intake, lack of appetite, infections, malignity, delirium and need for assistance in feeding. Dysphagia affected nutritional status and was associated with multimorbidities, cognitive impairment, malnutrition, higher dependence for the activities of daily living, and greater care need. Nutritional support improved the perioperative nutritional status, in addition to reducing the hospitalization times and the number of infectious complications. Conclusion: the main disorder that hinders meeting the nutritional needs is dysphagia, and is associated with aged people’s multimorbidity and dependence. The results provide geriatric and gerontological knowledge about elderly nutrition, in addition to targeting preventive and intervention treatments and care during hospitalization. .

An Analysis Model of Sports Human Body Based on Computer Vision Tracking Technology

This paper proposes the analysis model of sports human body based on computer vision tracking technology. Visual target tracking is an important research field of the computer vision, motion trajectory and it can provide not only the goal, to provide the initial data movement analysis, scene understanding, behavior or the event detection in intelligent surveillance, human-computer interaction, robot visual navigation and motion recognition based on field has a broad application prospect. For this reason, it is possible to consider the use of a large number of unlabeled samples to assist the training classifier to improve its performance. This type of machine learning method using both labeled and that unlabeled samples is called the semi-supervised learning. This paper proposes the novel idea of the related research topics to propose the new perspective of the model that will be later give us the novel idea of making it efficient for further development of sport science.

Effects of cognitive behavior therapy combined with Baduanjin in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND Cancer-related fatigue(CRF)is the most common concomitant symptom in the treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC).Such patients often present with subjective fatigue state accompanied by cognitive dysfunction,which seriously affects the quality of life of patients.AIM To explore the effects of cognitive behavior therapy(CBT)combined with Baduanjin exercise on CRF,cognitive impairment,and quality of life in patients with CRC after chemotherapy,and to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for rehabilitation of CRC after chemotherapy.METHODS Fifty-five patients with CRC after radical resection and chemotherapy were randomly divided into either an experimental or a control group.The experimental group received the intervention of CBT combined with exercise intervention for 6 mo,and indicators were observed and measured at baseline,3 mo,and 6 mo to evaluate the intervention effect.RESULTS Compared with the baseline values,in the experimental group 3 mo after intervention,cognitive function,quality of life score,and P300 amplitude and latency changes were significantly better(P<0.01).Compared with the control group,at 3 mo,the experimental group had significant differences in CRF,P300 amplitude,and quality of life score(P<0.05),as well as significant differences in P300 latency and cognitive function(P<0.01).Compared with the control group,at 6 mo,CRF,P300 amplitude,P300 latency,cognitive function and quality of life score were further improved in the experimental group,with significant differences(P<0.01).The total score of CRF and the scores of each dimension were negatively correlated with quality of life(P<0.05),while the total score of cognitive impairment and the scores of each dimension were positively correlated with quality of life(P<0.05).CONCLUSION CBT combined with body-building Baduanjin exercise can improve CRF and cognitive impairment in CRC patients after chemotherapy,and improve their quality of life.

Formation of graphene oxide from carbon rods of zinc-carbon battery wastes by audiosonic sonication assisted by commercial detergent

This study aims to determine the effect of audiosonic sonication in normal modes on the formation of graphene oxide(GO)fromcarbon rods of zinc-carbon(ZnC)battery wastes.The method used in this study was sonication with an audiosonic frequency in normal modes,assisted by a surfactant solution derived from a commercial detergent.A graphite-detergent solutionwas exposed to audiosonicwaves using a frequency of 170 Hz for 3 hwith a pattern on the surface of the solution.The graphite solution was a mixture of 0.8 g of graphite powder and 100 ml of distilled water that was mixed using a blender for 2 min.25 ml of the solution was then taken and dripped with two drops of detergent solution containing 0.2 g detergent powder dissolved into 100 ml distilled water,so that a graphite-detergent solutionwas obtained.The tools used in this study included UV–Visible spectroscopy(UV–Vis),Fourier TransformInfraRed spectroscopy(FTIR),and a Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM).The solution that was audiosonicated showed a strong visible nodal pattern on its surface.The UV–Vis spectroscopy produced absorbance peaks at wavelengths of 225 nmand 270 nm,and the FTIR indicated the presence of OH and C_C functional groups,which suggested the existence of GO.The SEMimages showed GO in the formof coral-like materials.

On the change of some biochemistry indexes and nutrition intervention in weight loss trials of female Judo athletes

This thesis expounds the body function state change of the female judo athletes and attempts to probe the method of improving the capacity of sports of female judo athletes,through the research of biochemistry index change and nutritional interveution effect during their weight loss period.The research objects are 24 judo athletes from Inner Mongolia and they are randomly divided into groups of common loss of weight(n=8),loss of weight with common nutrition(n=8) and loss of weight with nutrition intervening(n=8) according to their weight.The experiment period is 2 weeks.Conclusion:(1)The judo athletes should be enforced with the food rich in Fe and protein to avoid anemia.(2)The nutritional complement like glutamine et cetera can improve the athletes body function and capacity of sports,and relieve fatigue efficiently.

Methodical review of the literature referred to the dye-sensitized solar cells: Bibliometrics analysis and road mapping

This study presents a systematic review of the literature pertaining to dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs), in order to anticipate the direction and speed of change in technology trend. To study the general progression in DSSC research, we have assessed the evolution in annual DSSCs publications and their citations. Further, in order to identify the intellectual bases, we have also classified the journals, authors, institutes, and countries according to their scientific productivity in the field of DSSCs research during the period of 2007–2017.

Measuring Inclinations and Attitudes of University Teachers towards Sports Activities

The researcher wants to know the inclinations of the teachers in A1-Mustansiriyah University into participation in sports activities and the obstacles. The aims are to build measure of trends and tendencies toward university teachers about exercise and sporting activities and identify the reasons that prevent teachers from exercise. This measure contained on 25 open questions directed by the researcher toward the university teachers, and the distribution of the questions was on three areas： cognitive domain, behavioral domain and emotional domain. These areas have a relationship between tendencies and attitudes of teachers towards sports activities, in addition to the knowledge of the problems and obstacles that prevent this group from participating in sports activities. There is a lack of correlation between the desire to practice physical activity and the presence of a sports hall at the university in terms of statistics. The difficulties in the practice of sports activities, including economic, social and other factors, insecurity and instability exist. There is a good correlation between the previous practice of physical activity and the current desire to practice in terms of statistical activities.

A Biomechanical Analysis of the Techniques of Elite Chinese Male Long Jumpers

The purpose of this paper was to make sport-biomechunical analysis of the techniques of chinese elite male long jumpers. By using the data obtained from the computer processing of the film motion analyzer,authors found that the horizontal velocity of the chinese athltes is higher than that of the foreign athletes.But the vertical velocity , on the contrary ,of the chinese athletes is lower than that of the foreign athletes.This is perhaps the reason why the results of the chinese long jumpers have not been satisfactory.

Early Prevention of Exercise-induced Tibia Periostitis for Long-Distance Runners in China＇ s Regular Universities

Exercise-induced tibia periostitis is one of the most common sports injuries in the sports training of athletics in regular institutions of higher learning. It often occurs. When it is serious, periosteal proliferation would occur, It will result in fatigue fi^cture sometimes. This is relevant to tibialis anterior muscle restrained contraction in the events in the sports process. If measures are not adopted, early prevention should be strengthened. This would not only affect seriously the sports achievement of long-distance runners, but also affects their future ordinary lives. Through analysis and summaries, the main reasons for the occurrence of tibia periostitis for long-distance runners are shown. From the perspectives of reasonably arranging the exercise load, strengthening the field management and strengthening the self-protection and so on, the prevention of tibia periostitis for long-distance runners has been explored. It also helps the long-distance runners to train scientifically, which can effectively avoid and lessen the occurrence of tibia periostitis and the adverse effect it brings.

Study of Aerobics Effects on Female College Students＇ Health

Aerobics includes gymnastics, music, dance and aesthetics, using specialized equipment by hand and holding light equipment to achieve fitness and operation of exercises, it is a bodybuilding methods centering for the purpose of emerging entertainment and ornamental sports, and it is also a strong public artistic gymnastics. It is with superb skill, charming and colorful parade of action, posture which is coordinated with the music to demonstrate the extraordinary artistic charm, thus attracting more and more students to participate in. Because it is different from traditional hand gymnastic exercises, and does not have too high demands for space and equipment. Practicing it just needs fast-paced and lively musical accompaniment, and dynamic movements can make people feel good, so it wins the majority of young people, especially girls. Calisthenics is as one of the means to work out for students; in particular, it develops a lifelong habit of physical exercise and plays an important role for college girls＇ lifelong fitness awareness. The topic is studying female college students on aerobics body shape, function, quality and impact of mental health to promote the development of physical education reform.

Relationship between maturity levels and neuromuscular capacity among youth soccer players and individuals not practicing soccer

The aim of this study was to compare maturational stage and neuromuscular skills among soccer players and non-athletes, as well as to investigate the relationship between maturation and neuromuscular performance. Twenty five adolescent males (14.3 ± 0.45 years) participated in the study and were divided into two groups: soccer players (SP – n = 13, 14.1 ± 0.3 years, 58.9 ± 6.90 kg, 1.72 ± 0.04 m, 19.9 ± 1.7 kg·m2, 13.3% ± 4.3% fat) and non-athletes (NA – n = 12, 14.5 ± 0.5 years, 57.3 ± 6.9 kg, 1,67 ± 0.06 m, 20.6 ± 3.9 kg·m2, 14.0% ± 5.7% fat). The square test and 20 m speed test were used to assess agility and speed, respectively. The Tanner self-assessment of pubic hair and genitalia development test was used to estimate maturational development. The Shapiro Wilk test was used to verify the normality of samples. For any data not normally distributed, the non-parametric Mann Whitney test, as well as Kendall’s Tau correlation test, were used. The p-values determined for agility (p = 0.017) and speed (p = 0.054) indicated that agility was the only variable significantly different between SP and NA. The SP and NA groups showed no difference in the levels of maturation (p = 0.41), and maturational status was not significantly correlated with agility (r = 0.013) or speed (r = ?0.003). Conclusion: Individuals who practiced football had better results for the agility test than non-athletes, even with no difference between the degree of maturation and speed. There is a low correlation between level of maturity and agility or speed.

Research on Ecological Sports Model from Perspective of Sustainable Development and Ecological Harmony

This paper analyzes the ecological sports model from perspective of the sustainable development and the ecological harmony.With the modernization of that the modern science and technology and scientific experimental methods and the formation and developmentof the modern sports, people have changed the concept and way of the thinking, so that people have realized that sports is a complex socialphenomenon, its development and changes cannot be separated from society and some naturally, inseparable from the natural born from thepeople. In the long-term development of sports in China has struggled to give a kind of the Chinese sports spirit, such as competitive sportsreflect the honor for the country, the spirit of selfless dedication, hardworking, such as mass sports again reflects the pursuit of health and beautyharmony and so on. Under this circumstance, this paper handles the countermeasures for the systematic solution.

Impact of Chinese social transformation on the reform of social st）orts management system

China after the efforts of reform and opening up for 30 years, has established a relatively complete featuring system of sports administration, providing a system of protection for sports development in China. With the further improvement of the socialist market economy, the existing sports administrative functions are incompatible with the economic and social side of the market gradually. The current sports administrative functions can no longer adapt to the development and deeper reforms of sports system are imminent. Only by speeding up the reform of sports administration, can eliminate obstacles and promote rapid and healthy development of China＇s sports industry. In this paper, the object is the administrative functions of the sport in the social transformation period, through expert interviews, literature, and logical analysis, comparative study to discuss the problems of the administrative functions of sport in the social transformation period and propose appropriate countermeasures. Studies suggest that： sports administration departments should focus to implementing national policies, the development of the sports industry policy research and development planning, management and delivery of services. In accordance with the uniform principles of responsibility, rights and interests, to further clarify the responsibilities of all levels of sports administration, handling good working relationship between them. By Complete separation between rowing and steering, governance and administration, government and industry, to achieve ＂four transformations＂, and to break plan ＂all-round＂ type of government in the economic system, and establish ＂limited＂ government, effectively carry out the functions of guidance, policy regulation, market supervision, social management and public services.