Intercomparison of Environmental Gamma doses Measured with A NaI(Tl) Survey Meter and Thermoluminescent Dosimeters(TLDs) in the Poonch Division of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

This study presents the intercomparison of the outdoor environmental gamma dose rates measured using a Na I(Tl)based survey meter along with thermoluminescent dosimeters(TLDs)and estimation of excess lifetime cancer risk(ELCR),for the inhabitants of Poonch division of the

The complex momentum representation approach and its application to low‑lying resonances in 17 O and^(29,31)F

Approaches for predicting low-lying resonances,uniformly treating bound,and resonant levels have been a long-standing goal in nuclear theory.Accordingly,we explored the viability of the complex momentum representation(CMR)approach coupled with new potentials.We focus on predicting the energy of the low-lying 2p_(3∕2)resonance in 17 O,which is critical for s-process nucleosynthesis and missing in previous theoretical research.Using a Woods-Saxon potential based on the Koning-Delaroche optical model and constrained by the experimental one-neutron separation energy,we successfully predicted the resonant energy of this level for the first time.Our predictions of the bound levels and 1d_(3∕2)resonance agree well with the measurement results.Additionally,we utilize this approach to study the near-threshold resonances that play a role when forming a two-neutron halo in^(29,31)F.We found that the CMR-based predictions of the bound-level energies and unbound 1f7∕2 level agree well with the results obtained using the scattering phase shift method.Subsequently,we successfully found a solution for the 2p_(3∕2)resonance with energy just above the threshold,which is decisive for halo formation.

Digital Simulation of Projective Non-Abelian Anyons with 68 Superconducting Qubits

Non-Abelian anyons are exotic quasiparticle excitations hosted by certain topological phases of matter.They break the fermion-boson dichotomy and obey non-Abelian braiding statistics:their interchanges yield unitary operations,rather than merely a phase factor,in a space spanned by topologically degenerate wavefunctions.They are the building blocks of topological quantum computing.However,experimental observation of non-Abelian anyons and their characterizing braiding statistics is notoriously challenging and has remained elusive hitherto,in spite of various theoretical proposals.Here,we report an experimental quantum digital simulation of projective non-Abelian anyons and their braiding statistics with up to 68 programmable superconducting qubits arranged on a two-dimensional lattice.By implementing the ground states of the toric-code model with twists through quantum circuits,we demonstrate that twists exchange electric and magnetic charges and behave as a particular type of non-Abelian anyons,i.e.,the Ising anyons.In particular,we show experimentally that these twists follow the fusion rules and non-Abelian braiding statistics of the Ising type,and can be explored to encode topological logical qubits.Furthermore,we demonstrate how to implement both single-and two-qubit logic gates through applying a sequence of elementary Pauli gates on the underlying physical qubits.Our results demonstrate a versatile quantum digital approach for simulating non-Abelian anyons,offering a new lens into the study of such peculiar quasiparticles.

Investigations on the Optimization of Contacts Barrier Height for the Improved Performance of ZnO/CdS/CZTS Solar Cells

The numerical simulations were performed using the AMPS-1D simulator to study the effects of the CZTS as an absorber layer and the contacts’barrier height on the performance of four ZnO/CdS/CZTS solar cells.To obtain the best cell performances,the barrier heights of the back and front contacts were adjusted between 0.01,0.77,0.5,and 1.55 eV,respectively.For simulations,we used the lifetime mode,and the device performances were evaluated under AM1.5 illumination spectra.We found that the efficiency,fill factor,and open-circuit voltage were almost constant at a front contact barrier height of less than 0.31 eV.The short-current density was not affected by the front contact barrier height.The back contact material had a significant impact on the CZTS cells parameters.The best performance was obtained for the CZTS550 cell with JSC=29.53 mA/cm2,VOC=1.07 V,FF=0.88,andη=28.08%at barrier heights of 0.31 and 1.55 eV for front and back contacts,respectively.The conduction band offset at the CZTS550/CdS hetero-junction was found to be spike-like with 0.21 eV.The obtained conversion efficiency is comparable to those previously reported in the literature.

The minimal clinically important difference for gait speed in significant unilateral vestibular hypofunction after vestibular rehabilitation

Gait speed is a valid measure of both physical function and vestibular health.Vestibular rehabilitation is useful to improve gait speed for patients with vestibular hypofunction,yet there is little data to indicate how changes in gait speed reflect changes in patient-reported health outcomes.We determined the minimal clinically important difference in the gait speed of patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction,mostly due to deafferentation surgery,as anchored to the Dizziness Handicap Index and the Activities Balance Confidence scale,validated using regression analysis,change difference,receiveroperator characteristic curve,and average change methods.After six weeks of vestibular rehabilitation,a change in gait speed from 0.20 to 0.34 m/s with 95%confidence was required for the patients to perceive a significant reduction in perception of dizziness and improved balance confidence.

激光冷却囚禁亚稳态氪原子同位素

高效率地冷却和囚禁亚稳态惰性元素原子,可用以研究冷原子间的相互作用,以及通过对放射性同位素的检测实现样品年代测定.本文主要介绍在中国科学技术大学建设的激光冷却氪同位素原子实验装置.目前,我们利用这一装置已经成功地将氪原子的各个稳定同位素进行了激光冷却和囚禁,获得了高浓度的亚稳态冷原子团,并且有望进一步提高装载速率等重要指标,以达到高效率检测应用的需要.

反相色谱和离子交换色谱测定三聚氰胺氰尿酸中三聚氰胺与硫脲的对比研究

分别采用反相色谱和离子交换色谱检测三聚氰胺氰尿酸(MCA)中三聚氰胺和硫脲,并对检测方法进行了对比研究。实验分别使用盛瀚SH-CC-4柱,流动相为甲醇∶5mmol·L^-1甲基磺酸(10∶90,V∶V)和AgilentTC-C18柱,流动相为乙腈∶5mmol·L^-1醋酸铵(3∶97,V∶V)为流动相对其进行分离,紫外检测。结果表明,反相色谱法中三聚氰胺在0.5~8.0mg·L^-1范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2为0.9995,检测限和定量限分别为2.2×10^-3 mg·L^-1和7.5×10^-3 mg·L^-1,方法精密度(重复性)RSD=1.41%(n=7),样品回收率91.3%。硫脲在0.05-0.8mg·L^-1范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2为0.9993,检测限和定量限分别为2×10^-4 mg·L^-1和7×10^-4 mg·L^-1,方法精密度(重复性)RSD=0.68%(n=7),离子交换色谱法峰形对称,三聚氰胺在0.5~8.0mg·L^-1范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2为0.999,检测限和定量限分别为1.7×10^-3 mg·L^-1、6.1×10^-3mg·L^-1,分析方法(重现性)RSD=1.12%(n=11),样品回收率95.8%,硫脲在0.5~8.0mg·L^-1范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2为0.999,检测限和定量限分别为1.6×10^-3 mg·L^-1和5.1×10^-3 mg·L^-1,方法精密度(重复性)RSD=1.5%(n=5)对测定结果的F检验(方法精密度)表明两者无显著性差异,但t检验(方法系统误差)表明两者有显著差异。两种方法均能较好地对样品中的三聚氰胺和硫脲进行定性和定量分析,但两者存在系统误差,原因需进一步探索。

Identification of Iron Oxides Qualitatively/Quantitatively Formed during the High Temperature Oxidation of Superalloys in Air and Steam Environments

Mssbauer spectroscopy has been used to study the morphology of iron oxides formed during the oxidation of superalloys,such as SS-304L(1.4306S),Incoloy-800H,Incoloy-825,UBHA-25L,Sanicro-28 and Inconel-690,at 1200℃ exposed in air and steam environments for 400 h.The basic aim was to identify and compare the iron oxides qualitatively and quantitatively,formed during the oxidation of these alloys in two environments.The behaviour of alloy UBHA-25L in high temperature oxidation in both environments indicates that it has good oxidation resistance especially in steam,whereas Sanicro-28 has excellent corrosion resistance in steam environment.In air oxidation of Inconel-690 no iron oxide,with established Mssbauer parameters,was detected.

Effect of processing routes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 2014 Al alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing

Al-Cu alloy was deformed through equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) by routes A,Ba,Bc and C up to 5 passes.ECAP was done using a 90° die for three different conditions,namely 1) as received,2) solutionised at 768 K for 1 h and 3) solutionised at 768 K for 1 h + aged at 468 K for 5 h.The microstructure,microhardness and tensile strength were studied for all the three conditions and four routes.Significant improvement in hardness(HV 184 after five passes) and strength(602 MPa after three passes) was observed in solutionised and aged 2014 Al alloy deformed through route Bc.Microstructure evolution was reasonably equiaxed in route Bc with aspect ratio of 1.6.Solutionised and aged 2014 Al alloy deformed through route Bc was identified to have better microstructure and mechanical property than the other processing routes and conditions.

On the ENSO Mechanisms

The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an interannual phenomenon involved in the tropical Paci- fic Ocean-atmosphere interactions. The oscillatory nature of ENSO requires both positive and negative ocean-atmosphere feedbacks. The positive feedback is dated back to Bjerknes’ hypothesis in the 1960s, and different negative feedbacks have been proposed since the 1980s associated with the delayed oscillator, the western Pacific oscillator, the recharge-discharge oscillator, and the advective-reflective oscillator. The de- layed oscillator assumes that wave reflection at the western boundary provides a negative feedback for the coupled system to oscillate. The western Pacific oscillator emphasizes equatorial wind in the western Pacific that provides a negative feedback for the coupled system. The recharge-discharge oscillator argues that discharge and recharge of equatorial heat content cause the coupled system to oscillate. The advective-re- flective oscillator emphasizes the importance of zonal advection associated with wave reflection at both the western and eastern boundaries. All of these physics are summarized in a unificd ENSO oscillator. The de- layed oscillator, the western Pacific oscillator, the recharge-discharge oscillator, and the advective-reflec- tive oscillator can be extracted as special cases of the unified oscillator. As suggested by this unified oscillator, all of the previnus ENSO oscillator mechanisms may be operating in nature.

用于去除水溶液中铜离子的环境友好的聚(对苯二胺)及其壳聚糖复合材料的制备和表征（英文）

利用过硫酸铵作为氧化剂,在壳聚糖(Chi)中用对苯二胺(PPPDA)原位化学氧化聚合反应制备聚(对苯二胺)/壳聚糖复合材料。在添加铜前后,利用FT-IR光谱和SEM表征对苯二胺和对苯二胺/壳聚糖复合材料。利用振荡吸附法,采用1 g/L对苯二胺和对苯二胺/壳聚糖复合材料,在PPPDA和PPPDA/Chi复合材料的pH分别为5.0和6.0的条件下,吸附360 min,可以得到最大的铜去除量。PPPDA显示最大吸附量为650 mg/g,而复合材料的吸附量达到573 mg/g。实验数值与Freundlich等温方程和伪二阶动力学模型吻合良好。含铜的对苯二胺及其复合材料可以被有效地再利用4个循环。相对于无吸附的状态,吸附获得的铜具有高的革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌抑菌效果。

Stretching a Curved Surface in a Viscous Fluid

这个工作涉及粘滞由于弄弯的拉长流动表。这个问题的类似答案被一个射击方法用 RungeKutta 算法数字地获得。象液体速度和皮肤磨擦系数一样的兴趣的物理数量在无尺寸的弯曲的影响下面被获得并且讨论。它从那无尺寸的弯曲在皮肤磨擦系数在边界层厚度和减少引起增加的结果是明显的。

Solvent-free aerobic oxidation of ethylbenzene over supported Ni catalysts using molecular oxygen at atmospheric pressure

We investigated the aerobic oxidation of ethylbenzene in the absence of solvent or any additive carried out over Ni on different types of supports namely SiO2, hydroxyapatite, SBA-15, and USY Zeolites. The oxidation of ethylbenzene activities was measured in a round bottom flask immersed in oil bath at known reaction temperature. The physicochemical characteristics of the catalysts were examined by BET surface area, XRD, FT-IR and the oxidation activities were correlated with the acidities of the catalysts obtained by TPD of NH3. It was observed that both hydroxyapatite and USY (13% Na2O) supported Ni catalysts displayed higher ethylbenzene conversion and 80% selectivity towards acetophenone.

Antibacterial Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles against E.Coli ATCC-15224

吝啬的尺寸的银 nanoparticles 16 nm 被惰性的气体综合冷凝作用(IGC ) 方法。晶体结构，形态学和 nanoparticles 尺寸评价被 X 光检查衍射(XRD ) 和传播电子显微镜学(TEM ) 进行。对克否定的细菌 Escherichia 关口 i (E.coli ) 的粒子集中的功能象稳固的生长媒介一样在液体被执行的这些银 nanoparticles 的抗菌剂活动。扫描电子显微镜学(SEM ) 和 TEM 研究证明在和 E.coli 的相互作用以后的银 nanoparticles 遵守了并且渗透进细菌的房间。银 nanoparticles 的抗菌剂性质被归因于他们的 tptalsurface 区域，当到 nanoparticles 的体积比率的更大的表面为提高的抗菌剂活动提供更有效的工具。

Crystallization Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Zr65Cu18Ni9A18 Bulk Metallic Glass

设计并且合算的体积的合成可观的兴趣的金属性的眼镜( BMG )过时的人或物在最后十年期间以便他们能被成为 commerciallyviable.Among 这些， 基于Zr 的 BMG 由于他们有作文 Zr65Cui8Ni9AI8 的 attractiveproperties.An 合金广泛地被报导了被设计并且由 Cu 用 2-3 N 纯材料综合了模子扔。合金被 X 光检查衍射(XRD ) 描绘，扫描电子显微镜学(SEM ) ，精力散 X 光检查光谱学(版本) 和高温度微分扫描热量测定(DSC ) 。象过冷的液体区域 DELTAT_x，减少的玻璃转化温度 T_(rg ) ，鲸鱼群妈和三角洲一样的热参数参数是象微坚硬， nanohardness，有弹性的模量和破裂力量一样的 evaluated.Mechanicalproperties measured.Thealloy 被看 129+-1 的宽 supercooled 液体区域有改进热稳定性的 K。合金与韧性的公平数量一起有可观的破裂力量。

非负载和氧化铝负载的纳米CeO_2-ZrO_2和CeO_2-Te_2O_3固溶体催化CO氧化(英文)

Ceria-zirconia(CZ)and ceria-terbia(CT)and alumina-supported ceria-zirconia(CZA)and ceria-terbia(CTA)solid solutions were synthesized by coprecipitation and deposition precipitation methods,respectively.Structural characteristics and catalytic activity of the synthesized samples have been investigated using X-ray diffraction(XRD),high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Raman spectroscopy(RS),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)surface area measurements.To evaluate the catalytic properties,total oxygen storage capacity and CO oxidation activity measurements were carried out.The XRD analyses revealed the formation of Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 phase for CZ and Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 and Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 phases for CZA samples,respectively.While the formation of only Ce0.8Tb0.2O2-δphase was noted for both CT and CTA samples.All the supported and unsupported samples adopted a fluorite-type structure and exhibited cell parameters with respect to Vegard's rule.The HRTEM results indicated well-dispersed particles of the size around 5 nm.The RS measurements suggested the presence of oxygen vacancies due to defective structure formation.The XPS studies revealed the presence of cerium in both Ce 4+ and Ce 3+ oxidation states in different proportions.It was found that CO oxidation for CTA occurs at very much lower temperature than CT,CZ,and CZA samples.Details of these findings by correlating with the structural characterization studies are consolidated.

Precipitation Study in Inconel 625 Alloy by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy

Precipitation in Inconel 625 alloy has been studied by positron annihilation spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The observeddependence of annihilation characteristics on aging time is attributed to the change of the positron state due to the increaseand decrease of the density and size of the γ″ precipitates. Hardness measurements and lifetime measurements are in goodagreement.

The Role of Vanadia for the Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol over Heteropolymolybdate Supported on Alumina

A series of 12-molybdophosphoric acid (MPA) supported on V2O5 dispersed γ-Al2O3 catalysts with different vanadia loadings were prepared by impregnation and characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction, in situ laser Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis diffused reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 techniques. Their catalytic activities were evaluated for the vapor phase aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol. The catalysts exhibited high catalytic activity and the conversion of benzyl alcohol depended on the vanadia content while the catalyst with 15 wt% V2O5 content showed optimum activity. The characterization results suggest the presence of well-dispersed V2O5 and partially disintegrated Keggin ions of MPA on the support. In situ Raman studies showed a reduced Mo(IV) species when the catalysts were calcined at high temperatures. The high oxidation activity of the catalysts is related to the synergistic effect between MPA and V2O5.

Characteristics of La-modified Ni-Al_2O_3 and Ni-SiO_2 catalysts for CO_x-free hydrogen production by catalytic decomposition of methane

Hydrotalcite precursors of La modified Ni-Al2O3 and Ni-SiO2 catalysts prepared by co-precipitation method and the catalytic activities were examined for the production of COx-free H2 by CH4 decomposition. Physico-chemical characteristics of fresh, reduced and used catalysts were evaluated by XRD, TPR and O2 pulse chemisorptions, TEM and BET-SA techniques. XRD studies showed phases due to hydrotalcite-like precursors in oven dried form produced dispersed NiO species upon calcination in static air above 450 C. Raman spectra of deactivated samples revealed the presence of both ordered and disordered forms of carbon. Ni-La-Al2O3catalyst with a mole ratio of Ni : La : Al = 2 : 0.1 : 0.9 exhibited tremendously high longevity with a hydrogen production rate of 1300 molH2 mol 1 Ni. A direct relationship between Ni metal surface area and hydrogen yields was established.

Weak ENSO Asymmetry Due to Weak Nonlinear Air–Sea Interaction in CMIP5 Climate Models

State-of-the-art climate models have long-standing intrinsic biases that limit their simulation and projection capabilities.Significantly weak ENSO asymmetry and weakly nonlinear air–sea interaction over the tropical Pacific was found in CMIP5(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5) climate models compared with observation. The results suggest that a weak nonlinear air–sea interaction may play a role in the weak ENSO asymmetry. Moreover, a weak nonlinearity in air–sea interaction in the models may be associated with the biases in the mean climate—the cold biases in the equatorial central Pacific. The excessive cold tongue bias pushes the deep convection far west to the western Pacific warm pool region and suppresses its development in the central equatorial Pacific. The deep convection has difficulties in further moving to the eastern equatorial Pacific, especially during extreme El Ni o events, which confines the westerly wind anomaly to the western Pacific. This weakens the eastern Pacific El Ni o events, especially the extreme El Ni o events, and thus leads to the weakened ENSO asymmetry in climate models. An accurate mean state structure(especially a realistic cold tongue and deep convection) is critical to reproducing ENSO events in climate models. Our evaluation also revealed that ENSO statistics in CMIP5 climate models are slightly improved compared with those of CMIP3. The weak ENSO asymmetry in CMIP5 is closer to the observation. It is more evident in CMIP5 that strong ENSO activities are usually accompanied by strong ENSO asymmetry, and the diversity of ENSO amplitude is reduced.