When diffusing object is illuminated by a laser, it gives the impression of being covered with a very fine grain structure. This structure commonly is nothing but the result of the interference of random waves from th...When diffusing object is illuminated by a laser, it gives the impression of being covered with a very fine grain structure. This structure commonly is nothing but the result of the interference of random waves from the object. In the early years of the invention of the laser sources, the CND control was considered a birth which severely affects the image resolution. Various studies have been developed to remove. The development of new systems for capturing images CCD coupled with tools image processing techniques has made the CND control most interesting for industrial control real-time and non-destructive. Metrology of photography and optic interferometry are two methods that provide the ability to analyze and determine deformations of structures. The CND technique is the most answered and more particularly the technical of interferometry. This method is simple to implement, follow the evolution of the interference of a speckle fields diffracted by an object and a reference fields. Images are recorded by a CCD camera and digitally processed by computer to generate correlograms from which is extracted the gauging. CND techniques have provided only qualitative measures as correlation fringes. The application process and digital image processing techniques to measure phase yielded quantitative measures. Among the techniques for calculating phase, the phase shift method is the most used because it is the most accurate. This technique is based on a combination of shifted interferograms to extract the phase. It requires a phase modulator for generating phase-shifted interferograms speckle and an algorithm for calculating the phase.展开更多
The nanomechanical properties of single human immunoglobulin G and M antibodies were measured in a liquid environment using a fast force-volume technique with sub-10-nm spatial resolution. The ultrastructural details ...The nanomechanical properties of single human immunoglobulin G and M antibodies were measured in a liquid environment using a fast force-volume technique with sub-10-nm spatial resolution. The ultrastructural details of these molecules were resolved in the images. Simultaneously, important physical properties, including elasticity, adhesion, and deformation were measured. The dimensions and adsorption of the immunoglobulin M antibodies onto the substrate indicated that they are highly by a low elastic stiffness （34 ± 10 MPa） flexible. The antibodies were characterized and high deformability （1.5 ± 0.5 nm）.展开更多
Protection of silver mirror stacks from environmental degradation before launching is crucial for space applications.Hereby,we report a comparative study of the advanced protection of silver mirror stacks for space te...Protection of silver mirror stacks from environmental degradation before launching is crucial for space applications.Hereby,we report a comparative study of the advanced protection of silver mirror stacks for space telescopes provided by SiO_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3)coatings in conditions of accelerated aging by sulfida-tion.The model silver stack samples were deposited by cathodic magnetron sputtering on a reference silica substrate for optical applications and a surface-pretreated SiC substrate.Accelerated aging was per-formed in dry and more severe wet conditions.Optical micrographic observations,surface and interface analysis by Time-of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry(ToF-SIMS)and reflectivity measurements were combined to comparatively study the effects of degradation.The results show a lower kinetics of degradation by accelerated aging of the stacks protected by the alumina coating in comparable test conditions.展开更多
文摘When diffusing object is illuminated by a laser, it gives the impression of being covered with a very fine grain structure. This structure commonly is nothing but the result of the interference of random waves from the object. In the early years of the invention of the laser sources, the CND control was considered a birth which severely affects the image resolution. Various studies have been developed to remove. The development of new systems for capturing images CCD coupled with tools image processing techniques has made the CND control most interesting for industrial control real-time and non-destructive. Metrology of photography and optic interferometry are two methods that provide the ability to analyze and determine deformations of structures. The CND technique is the most answered and more particularly the technical of interferometry. This method is simple to implement, follow the evolution of the interference of a speckle fields diffracted by an object and a reference fields. Images are recorded by a CCD camera and digitally processed by computer to generate correlograms from which is extracted the gauging. CND techniques have provided only qualitative measures as correlation fringes. The application process and digital image processing techniques to measure phase yielded quantitative measures. Among the techniques for calculating phase, the phase shift method is the most used because it is the most accurate. This technique is based on a combination of shifted interferograms to extract the phase. It requires a phase modulator for generating phase-shifted interferograms speckle and an algorithm for calculating the phase.
文摘The nanomechanical properties of single human immunoglobulin G and M antibodies were measured in a liquid environment using a fast force-volume technique with sub-10-nm spatial resolution. The ultrastructural details of these molecules were resolved in the images. Simultaneously, important physical properties, including elasticity, adhesion, and deformation were measured. The dimensions and adsorption of the immunoglobulin M antibodies onto the substrate indicated that they are highly by a low elastic stiffness （34 ± 10 MPa） flexible. The antibodies were characterized and high deformability （1.5 ± 0.5 nm）.
文摘Protection of silver mirror stacks from environmental degradation before launching is crucial for space applications.Hereby,we report a comparative study of the advanced protection of silver mirror stacks for space telescopes provided by SiO_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3)coatings in conditions of accelerated aging by sulfida-tion.The model silver stack samples were deposited by cathodic magnetron sputtering on a reference silica substrate for optical applications and a surface-pretreated SiC substrate.Accelerated aging was per-formed in dry and more severe wet conditions.Optical micrographic observations,surface and interface analysis by Time-of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry(ToF-SIMS)and reflectivity measurements were combined to comparatively study the effects of degradation.The results show a lower kinetics of degradation by accelerated aging of the stacks protected by the alumina coating in comparable test conditions.
