At the time of diagnosis, 25% of patients with colorectal cancer(CRC) present with synchronous metastases, which are unresectable in the majority of patients. Whether primary tumor resection(PTR) followed by chemother...At the time of diagnosis, 25% of patients with colorectal cancer(CRC) present with synchronous metastases, which are unresectable in the majority of patients. Whether primary tumor resection(PTR) followed by chemotherapy or immediate chemotherapy without PTR is the best therapeutic option in patients with asymptomatic CRC and unresectable metastases is a major issue, although unanswered to date. The aim of this study was to review all published data on whether PTR should be performed in patients with CRC and unresectable synchronous metastases. All aspects of the management of CRC were taken into account, es-pecially prognostic factors in patients with CRC and un-resectable metastases. The impact of PTR on survival and quality of life were reviewed, in addition to the characteristics of patients that could benefit from PTR and the possible underlying mechanisms. The risks of both approaches are reported. As no randomized study has been performed to date, we finally discussed how a therapeutic strategy's trial should be designed to pro-vide answer to this issue.展开更多
1.The complex spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases Epidemiologic data indicate that neurodegenerative diseases（NDDs）show high prevalence with a trend of a progressively growing incidence,especially in aging societ...1.The complex spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases Epidemiologic data indicate that neurodegenerative diseases（NDDs）show high prevalence with a trend of a progressively growing incidence,especially in aging societies.This presents an increasing social and economic burden.展开更多
Charles Darwin’s favorite animals were cirripedes(barnacles).Indeed,he worked intensively on cirripedes during the years he was maturing his thoughts regarding his theory,which eventually led to the publication of Th...Charles Darwin’s favorite animals were cirripedes(barnacles).Indeed,he worked intensively on cirripedes during the years he was maturing his thoughts regarding his theory,which eventually led to the publication of The Origin of Species.Here I present some of Darwin’s achievements in the morphology,systematics and biology of these small marine invertebrates,and also,in light of our present knowledge,some mistakes he made.展开更多
We explored the morphological organization of the skull within Crocodylidae,analyzing functional and phylogenetic interactions between its 2 constituent functional modules:the rostrum and the postrostrum.We used...We explored the morphological organization of the skull within Crocodylidae,analyzing functional and phylogenetic interactions between its 2 constituent functional modules:the rostrum and the postrostrum.We used geometric morphometrics to identify localized shape changes,focusing on the differences between the major clades of the crown-group Crocodylia:Alligatoridae and Crocodylidae.We used published bite performance data to correlate rostral function with postrostral morphology.The skull modules appear more integrated within Alligatoridae than within Crocodyliade.Phylogenetic effects on shape variation are more evident in Alligatoridae than in Crocodylidae,where functional parameters concerning the rostral morphology are proportionally more important than phylogeny.Long-snouted species are characterized by low structural performance,which is significantly associated with a reduction of the pterygoid-quadrate cranial nipper,suggesting that the nipper is important for the ingestion of large food items in generalist species.This functional association is coupled with a significant evolutionary allometry at the clade level,while Alligatoridae and Crocodylidae show different degrees of evolutionary allometry for their entire shape and rostrum.The postrostrum is more conservative than the rostrum in terms of morphospace occupation,evolutionary allometry and phylogenetic signal.展开更多
Seventy percentage of perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women will experience menopause symptoms. Primary menopause symptoms in Westem countries included hot flashes, insomnia, somatic pain, depression, and fati...Seventy percentage of perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women will experience menopause symptoms. Primary menopause symptoms in Westem countries included hot flashes, insomnia, somatic pain, depression, and fatigue. Hot flashes were most commonly treated. Menopausal hormone replacement therapy （HRT） continues to have a clinical role in the management of vasomotor symptoms, but since 2002 there has been a marked global decline in its use due to concerns about the risks and benefits of HRT; consequently many women with menopause symptoms are now seeking alternatives including acupuncture. Acupuncture has a long tradition of use for the treatment of different menopause symptoms. Its effectiveness has been studied for natural menopause or chemical and surgery induced menopause. Here we provide an update on recent advances in the field for clinicians. The recent systematic reviews on acupuncture in menopausal symptoms suggest that acupuncture is aneffective and valuable option for women suffering from menopause. However, the science of acupuncture therapies is still inadequate to sufficiently support the benefits of acupuncture therapies. Finally, we discuss our points of view on clinical trials of acupuncture for menopause symptoms.展开更多
文摘At the time of diagnosis, 25% of patients with colorectal cancer(CRC) present with synchronous metastases, which are unresectable in the majority of patients. Whether primary tumor resection(PTR) followed by chemotherapy or immediate chemotherapy without PTR is the best therapeutic option in patients with asymptomatic CRC and unresectable metastases is a major issue, although unanswered to date. The aim of this study was to review all published data on whether PTR should be performed in patients with CRC and unresectable synchronous metastases. All aspects of the management of CRC were taken into account, es-pecially prognostic factors in patients with CRC and un-resectable metastases. The impact of PTR on survival and quality of life were reviewed, in addition to the characteristics of patients that could benefit from PTR and the possible underlying mechanisms. The risks of both approaches are reported. As no randomized study has been performed to date, we finally discussed how a therapeutic strategy's trial should be designed to pro-vide answer to this issue.
文摘1.The complex spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases Epidemiologic data indicate that neurodegenerative diseases（NDDs）show high prevalence with a trend of a progressively growing incidence,especially in aging societies.This presents an increasing social and economic burden.
文摘Charles Darwin’s favorite animals were cirripedes(barnacles).Indeed,he worked intensively on cirripedes during the years he was maturing his thoughts regarding his theory,which eventually led to the publication of The Origin of Species.Here I present some of Darwin’s achievements in the morphology,systematics and biology of these small marine invertebrates,and also,in light of our present knowledge,some mistakes he made.
基金Paolo Piras had access to the collections of the Natural History Museum in London,the Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles in Bruxelles and the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris thanks to the SYNTHESYS program,and to the collection of the Field Museum in Chicago thanks to the Visiting Scholarship Program.Funds from the Geological Science Department of‘Roma Tre’University made possible the visit to the American Museum of Natural History,New York.Part of this research was conducted during a postdoctoral visit by Paolo Piras,supervised by Jorge Cubo,to the UniversitéPierre et Marie Curie.Funds were also provided by Project CGL-2009-11838 from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion Cientifica,Spain.
文摘We explored the morphological organization of the skull within Crocodylidae,analyzing functional and phylogenetic interactions between its 2 constituent functional modules:the rostrum and the postrostrum.We used geometric morphometrics to identify localized shape changes,focusing on the differences between the major clades of the crown-group Crocodylia:Alligatoridae and Crocodylidae.We used published bite performance data to correlate rostral function with postrostral morphology.The skull modules appear more integrated within Alligatoridae than within Crocodyliade.Phylogenetic effects on shape variation are more evident in Alligatoridae than in Crocodylidae,where functional parameters concerning the rostral morphology are proportionally more important than phylogeny.Long-snouted species are characterized by low structural performance,which is significantly associated with a reduction of the pterygoid-quadrate cranial nipper,suggesting that the nipper is important for the ingestion of large food items in generalist species.This functional association is coupled with a significant evolutionary allometry at the clade level,while Alligatoridae and Crocodylidae show different degrees of evolutionary allometry for their entire shape and rostrum.The postrostrum is more conservative than the rostrum in terms of morphospace occupation,evolutionary allometry and phylogenetic signal.
文摘Seventy percentage of perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women will experience menopause symptoms. Primary menopause symptoms in Westem countries included hot flashes, insomnia, somatic pain, depression, and fatigue. Hot flashes were most commonly treated. Menopausal hormone replacement therapy （HRT） continues to have a clinical role in the management of vasomotor symptoms, but since 2002 there has been a marked global decline in its use due to concerns about the risks and benefits of HRT; consequently many women with menopause symptoms are now seeking alternatives including acupuncture. Acupuncture has a long tradition of use for the treatment of different menopause symptoms. Its effectiveness has been studied for natural menopause or chemical and surgery induced menopause. Here we provide an update on recent advances in the field for clinicians. The recent systematic reviews on acupuncture in menopausal symptoms suggest that acupuncture is aneffective and valuable option for women suffering from menopause. However, the science of acupuncture therapies is still inadequate to sufficiently support the benefits of acupuncture therapies. Finally, we discuss our points of view on clinical trials of acupuncture for menopause symptoms.
