Aims:This study aims to explore the association between drinking water salinity and hypertension in three coastal sub-districts of Bangladesh.Methods:The study uses complete data on 6,296 individuals extracted from th...Aims:This study aims to explore the association between drinking water salinity and hypertension in three coastal sub-districts of Bangladesh.Methods:The study uses complete data on 6,296 individuals extracted from the latest Bangladesh Poverty and Groundwater Salinity Survey and a mixed-effects logistic regression model as the analytical tool.Results:Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis shows a significant association of medium or higherlevel salinity with hypertension(adjusted odds ratio[AOR]1.650,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.101—2.473).Other variables significantly associated with hypertension are age,sex,education status,water source,and geographical location.A sizable proportion of the total individual-level variance in the probability of being hypertensive was at household-level(20%)and cluster-level(8%).Conclusion:The findings from this study suggest that greater salinity in potable water common in coastal areas in Bangladesh is associated with increased risk of hypertension.The study refrains from asserting causality but seeks to stimulate public health and policy interventions to address the increased risk.展开更多
Haussler＇s convolution kernel provides an effective framework for engineering positive semidefinite kernels, and has a wide range of applications.On the other hand,the mapping kernel that we introduce in this paper i...Haussler＇s convolution kernel provides an effective framework for engineering positive semidefinite kernels, and has a wide range of applications.On the other hand,the mapping kernel that we introduce in this paper is its natural generalization,and will enlarge the range of application significantly.Our main theorem with respect to positive semidefiniteness of the mapping kernel（1） implies Haussler＇s theorem as a corollary,（2） exhibits an easy-to-check necessary and sufficient condition for mapping kernels to be positive semidefinite,and（3） formalizes the mapping kernel so that significant flexibility is provided in engineering new kernels.As an evidence of the effectiveness of our results,we present a framework to engineer tree kernels.The tree is a data structure widely used in many applications,and tree kernels provide an effective method to analyze tree-type data.Thus,not only is the framework important as an example but also as a practical research tool.The description of the framework accompanies a survey of the tree kernels in the literature,where we see that 18 out of the 19 surveyed tree kernels of different types are instances of the mapping kernel,and examples of novel interesting tree kernels.展开更多
10.1 Introduction 10.2 Renormalization and radiative corrections 10.3 Low energy electroweak observables 10.4 W and Z boson physics 10.5 Precision flavor physics 10.6 Experimental results 10.7 Constraints on new physics
基金The authors are grateful to open access to data offered by the World Bank and the cooperation of respondents to the survey.
文摘Aims:This study aims to explore the association between drinking water salinity and hypertension in three coastal sub-districts of Bangladesh.Methods:The study uses complete data on 6,296 individuals extracted from the latest Bangladesh Poverty and Groundwater Salinity Survey and a mixed-effects logistic regression model as the analytical tool.Results:Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis shows a significant association of medium or higherlevel salinity with hypertension(adjusted odds ratio[AOR]1.650,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.101—2.473).Other variables significantly associated with hypertension are age,sex,education status,water source,and geographical location.A sizable proportion of the total individual-level variance in the probability of being hypertensive was at household-level(20%)and cluster-level(8%).Conclusion:The findings from this study suggest that greater salinity in potable water common in coastal areas in Bangladesh is associated with increased risk of hypertension.The study refrains from asserting causality but seeks to stimulate public health and policy interventions to address the increased risk.
文摘Haussler＇s convolution kernel provides an effective framework for engineering positive semidefinite kernels, and has a wide range of applications.On the other hand,the mapping kernel that we introduce in this paper is its natural generalization,and will enlarge the range of application significantly.Our main theorem with respect to positive semidefiniteness of the mapping kernel（1） implies Haussler＇s theorem as a corollary,（2） exhibits an easy-to-check necessary and sufficient condition for mapping kernels to be positive semidefinite,and（3） formalizes the mapping kernel so that significant flexibility is provided in engineering new kernels.As an evidence of the effectiveness of our results,we present a framework to engineer tree kernels.The tree is a data structure widely used in many applications,and tree kernels provide an effective method to analyze tree-type data.Thus,not only is the framework important as an example but also as a practical research tool.The description of the framework accompanies a survey of the tree kernels in the literature,where we see that 18 out of the 19 surveyed tree kernels of different types are instances of the mapping kernel,and examples of novel interesting tree kernels.
基金Acknowledgments： We are indebted to Fred Jegerlehner for providing us with additional information about his work in a form suitable to be included in our fits. J.E. was supported by PAPIIT （DGAPA-UNAM） project IN106913 and CONACyT （M6xico） project 151234, A.F. is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant no. PHY-1519175.
文摘10.1 Introduction 10.2 Renormalization and radiative corrections 10.3 Low energy electroweak observables 10.4 W and Z boson physics 10.5 Precision flavor physics 10.6 Experimental results 10.7 Constraints on new physics
