Bilirubin,the primary breakdown product of hemoproteins,particularly hemoglobin,plays a key role in the diagnosis,prognosis,and monitoring of liver diseases.In acute liver dis-eases,such as acute liver failure,drug-in...Bilirubin,the primary breakdown product of hemoproteins,particularly hemoglobin,plays a key role in the diagnosis,prognosis,and monitoring of liver diseases.In acute liver dis-eases,such as acute liver failure,drug-induced liver injury,and viral hepatitis,bilirubin serves as a biomarker reflecting the extent of hepatocyte loss and liver damage.Chronic liver diseases,including alcohol-related liver disease,chronic hep-atitis C virus infection,metabolic dysfunction-associated fat-ty liver disease,and autoimmune liver diseases,are marked by persistent liver injury and inflammation.Bilirubin levels in chronic liver diseases provide insight into liver function,disease severity,and prognosis.As a versatile biomarker,bilirubin offers valuable information on the pathophysiology of liver diseases and aids in guiding clinical decision-making regarding the treatment of liver diseases and their complica-tions.This review aimed to explore the multifunctional role of bilirubin in liver diseases by analyzing its biological functions beyond its role as a biomarker of liver damage.展开更多
The gut microbiome plays a key role in the health-disease balance in the human body.Although its composition is unique for each person and tends to remain stable throughout lifetime,it has been shown that certain bact...The gut microbiome plays a key role in the health-disease balance in the human body.Although its composition is unique for each person and tends to remain stable throughout lifetime,it has been shown that certain bacterial patterns may be determining factors in the onset of certain chronic metabolic diseases,such as type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),obesity,metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),and metabolic syndrome.The gut-liver axis embodies the close relationship between the gut and the liver;disturbance of the normal gut microbiota,also known as dysbiosis,may lead to a cascade of mechanisms that modify the epithelial properties and facilitate bacterial translocation.Regulation of gut microbiota is fundamental to maintaining gut integrity,as well as the bile acids composition.In the present review,we summarize the current knowledge regarding the microbiota,bile acids composition and their association with MAFLD,obesity,T2DM and metabolic syndrome.展开更多
文摘Bilirubin,the primary breakdown product of hemoproteins,particularly hemoglobin,plays a key role in the diagnosis,prognosis,and monitoring of liver diseases.In acute liver dis-eases,such as acute liver failure,drug-induced liver injury,and viral hepatitis,bilirubin serves as a biomarker reflecting the extent of hepatocyte loss and liver damage.Chronic liver diseases,including alcohol-related liver disease,chronic hep-atitis C virus infection,metabolic dysfunction-associated fat-ty liver disease,and autoimmune liver diseases,are marked by persistent liver injury and inflammation.Bilirubin levels in chronic liver diseases provide insight into liver function,disease severity,and prognosis.As a versatile biomarker,bilirubin offers valuable information on the pathophysiology of liver diseases and aids in guiding clinical decision-making regarding the treatment of liver diseases and their complica-tions.This review aimed to explore the multifunctional role of bilirubin in liver diseases by analyzing its biological functions beyond its role as a biomarker of liver damage.
文摘The gut microbiome plays a key role in the health-disease balance in the human body.Although its composition is unique for each person and tends to remain stable throughout lifetime,it has been shown that certain bacterial patterns may be determining factors in the onset of certain chronic metabolic diseases,such as type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),obesity,metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),and metabolic syndrome.The gut-liver axis embodies the close relationship between the gut and the liver;disturbance of the normal gut microbiota,also known as dysbiosis,may lead to a cascade of mechanisms that modify the epithelial properties and facilitate bacterial translocation.Regulation of gut microbiota is fundamental to maintaining gut integrity,as well as the bile acids composition.In the present review,we summarize the current knowledge regarding the microbiota,bile acids composition and their association with MAFLD,obesity,T2DM and metabolic syndrome.
