Natural bacterial communities impact the motility of isotopes, such as radionuclides, in the environment. As a result of post glacial crustal rebound radionuclides may escape the deep geological repository for spent n...Natural bacterial communities impact the motility of isotopes, such as radionuclides, in the environment. As a result of post glacial crustal rebound radionuclides may escape the deep geological repository for spent nuclear fuel on Olkiluoto Island, Finland, and reach surface environments. Lastensuo Bog, a 5300-year-old raised bog in southwestern Finland, functions as analogue ecotope for bogs formed in Olkiluoto due to the crustal rebound. A core comprising the depth profile (0 - 7 m depth) of the bog including surface Sphagnum moss, peat and bottom clay was obtained using a stainless steel corer. High throughput sequencing was used to characterize the bacterial communities throughout the bog’s depth profile. A total of 12,680 bacterial Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) (97% sequence similarity) were detected comprising altogether 40 different bacterial phyla. Of these, 13 phyla were present at all depths, accounting for 97% - 99% of the whole bacterial community. The bacterial communities differed notably through the bog’s depth profile, dividing it into five distinct strata: 1) the Sphagnum moss layer;2) 0.5 - 3.7 m;3) 3.7 - 4.0 m;4) 5.5 - 6.0 m deep peat;5) the former seabed clay at 6.5 - 7.0 m depth. Acidobacteria, α- and γ-Proteobacteria dominated the surface community, but in the peat Acidobacteria contributed with up to 85% of the bacterial community. The estimated bacterial population density ranged between 2 × 109 and 5 × 1010 16S rRNA gene copies g-1 dry-weight peat. This study revealed that Lastensuo Bog had a highly diverse bacterial community. Most of the taxonomic groups belonged to thus far poorly characterized and uncultured bacteria with unknown physiological role. However, new insights into the distribution of bacterial taxa and their putative roles in organic carbon break down within the bog ecosystem have been obtained and an important baseline for further studies has been established.展开更多
In Norden, two countries, Sweden and Finland, are actively engaged in site investigations for the location of deep repositories for spent nuclear fuel from powerproducing nuclear reactors. These investigations are bei...In Norden, two countries, Sweden and Finland, are actively engaged in site investigations for the location of deep repositories for spent nuclear fuel from powerproducing nuclear reactors. These investigations are being carried out in crystalline rocks of the Fennoscandian Shield. In Sweden, a long history of site selection has led to the identification and investigation of two sites, Forsmark and Laxemar/Simpevarp, based on a strategy of combining favourable bedrock with consent by the local population. Surface-based geoscientific investigations of the two candidates, with extensive deep drilling, are now drawing to a close. A proposal as to which of the sites would be most suitable for the development of a deep repository will be submitted to the governmental regulatory authorities in 2009. In Finland, the site selection process was shorter and less politically controversial, and led to a ＂Decision in Principle＂ by the Finnish parliament, in May 2001, to develop a deep repository at the Olkiluoto site. The access tunnel to an underground rock characterisation facility at 400-500 m depth is at present under construction, accompanied by extensive geoscientific investigations in the subsurface. An application for a construction licence for a deep repository will be submitted in 2012. Although all sites are located in Precambrian crystalline rocks, the Swedish homogeneous granitic rocks, sites both lie in relatively whilst the Finnish site is located in an heterogeneous migmatite complex. The Nordic approach to high-level nuclear waste disposal in crystalline rock will be the theme of a Topical Symposium at the 33rd International Geological Congress at Oslo, in August 2008, and the three sites mentioned above will be the focus of Congress Excursion no. 14.展开更多
纽约建筑设计团队Ma nifesto Architecture日前在韩国首尔实现了他们设计的首座自行车摩天轮。这座旋转自行车架(The Bike Hanger)主体结构由碳钢和聚碳酸酯组成,一个巨大的转轮为一个单元,少则可以悬挂五辆自行车,最多可以悬挂二十至...纽约建筑设计团队Ma nifesto Architecture日前在韩国首尔实现了他们设计的首座自行车摩天轮。这座旋转自行车架(The Bike Hanger)主体结构由碳钢和聚碳酸酯组成,一个巨大的转轮为一个单元,少则可以悬挂五辆自行车,最多可以悬挂二十至三十六辆,人们可以通过多个单元的组合从而无限增加自行车存放的数量。当然最重要的是它的高效集约性,一个单元的占地面积仅仅为五平方米。展开更多
文化与消费看似对立矛盾,然而具百年历史的英国Selfridges百货公司,为推广民众的阅读风气以及对文字的重视,早前却于店内开设以"Words Words Words"(文字,文字,文字!)为主题的专区,除了售卖与文字有关的精品和用具外,更设有...文化与消费看似对立矛盾,然而具百年历史的英国Selfridges百货公司,为推广民众的阅读风气以及对文字的重视,早前却于店内开设以"Words Words Words"(文字,文字,文字!)为主题的专区,除了售卖与文字有关的精品和用具外,更设有图书馆及活动室,营造阅读氛围。展开更多
Bikes for Humanitv是一个向南非纳米比亚捐赠自行车的公益项目,源自悉尼,启动于2009年。据统计,悉尼每年有一百二十万量新自行车投入使用,这就意味着有相当数量的旧自行车被淘汰,事实上这些自行车状况十分良好,大部分都可以继续使用。...Bikes for Humanitv是一个向南非纳米比亚捐赠自行车的公益项目,源自悉尼,启动于2009年。据统计,悉尼每年有一百二十万量新自行车投入使用,这就意味着有相当数量的旧自行车被淘汰,事实上这些自行车状况十分良好,大部分都可以继续使用。为了让这些二手自行车找到新的出路,同时为了让物质极为匮乏的纳米比亚人拥有便宜好用的自行车,Bikes fo r Humanity优选募捐而来的二手自行车,塞满整整一个集装箱,不定期发往纳米比亚,并在当地通过志愿者分发给村落和社区有需要的人们。展开更多
文摘Natural bacterial communities impact the motility of isotopes, such as radionuclides, in the environment. As a result of post glacial crustal rebound radionuclides may escape the deep geological repository for spent nuclear fuel on Olkiluoto Island, Finland, and reach surface environments. Lastensuo Bog, a 5300-year-old raised bog in southwestern Finland, functions as analogue ecotope for bogs formed in Olkiluoto due to the crustal rebound. A core comprising the depth profile (0 - 7 m depth) of the bog including surface Sphagnum moss, peat and bottom clay was obtained using a stainless steel corer. High throughput sequencing was used to characterize the bacterial communities throughout the bog’s depth profile. A total of 12,680 bacterial Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) (97% sequence similarity) were detected comprising altogether 40 different bacterial phyla. Of these, 13 phyla were present at all depths, accounting for 97% - 99% of the whole bacterial community. The bacterial communities differed notably through the bog’s depth profile, dividing it into five distinct strata: 1) the Sphagnum moss layer;2) 0.5 - 3.7 m;3) 3.7 - 4.0 m;4) 5.5 - 6.0 m deep peat;5) the former seabed clay at 6.5 - 7.0 m depth. Acidobacteria, α- and γ-Proteobacteria dominated the surface community, but in the peat Acidobacteria contributed with up to 85% of the bacterial community. The estimated bacterial population density ranged between 2 × 109 and 5 × 1010 16S rRNA gene copies g-1 dry-weight peat. This study revealed that Lastensuo Bog had a highly diverse bacterial community. Most of the taxonomic groups belonged to thus far poorly characterized and uncultured bacteria with unknown physiological role. However, new insights into the distribution of bacterial taxa and their putative roles in organic carbon break down within the bog ecosystem have been obtained and an important baseline for further studies has been established.
文摘In Norden, two countries, Sweden and Finland, are actively engaged in site investigations for the location of deep repositories for spent nuclear fuel from powerproducing nuclear reactors. These investigations are being carried out in crystalline rocks of the Fennoscandian Shield. In Sweden, a long history of site selection has led to the identification and investigation of two sites, Forsmark and Laxemar/Simpevarp, based on a strategy of combining favourable bedrock with consent by the local population. Surface-based geoscientific investigations of the two candidates, with extensive deep drilling, are now drawing to a close. A proposal as to which of the sites would be most suitable for the development of a deep repository will be submitted to the governmental regulatory authorities in 2009. In Finland, the site selection process was shorter and less politically controversial, and led to a ＂Decision in Principle＂ by the Finnish parliament, in May 2001, to develop a deep repository at the Olkiluoto site. The access tunnel to an underground rock characterisation facility at 400-500 m depth is at present under construction, accompanied by extensive geoscientific investigations in the subsurface. An application for a construction licence for a deep repository will be submitted in 2012. Although all sites are located in Precambrian crystalline rocks, the Swedish homogeneous granitic rocks, sites both lie in relatively whilst the Finnish site is located in an heterogeneous migmatite complex. The Nordic approach to high-level nuclear waste disposal in crystalline rock will be the theme of a Topical Symposium at the 33rd International Geological Congress at Oslo, in August 2008, and the three sites mentioned above will be the focus of Congress Excursion no. 14.
文摘纽约建筑设计团队Ma nifesto Architecture日前在韩国首尔实现了他们设计的首座自行车摩天轮。这座旋转自行车架(The Bike Hanger)主体结构由碳钢和聚碳酸酯组成,一个巨大的转轮为一个单元,少则可以悬挂五辆自行车,最多可以悬挂二十至三十六辆,人们可以通过多个单元的组合从而无限增加自行车存放的数量。当然最重要的是它的高效集约性,一个单元的占地面积仅仅为五平方米。
文摘Bikes for Humanitv是一个向南非纳米比亚捐赠自行车的公益项目,源自悉尼,启动于2009年。据统计,悉尼每年有一百二十万量新自行车投入使用,这就意味着有相当数量的旧自行车被淘汰,事实上这些自行车状况十分良好,大部分都可以继续使用。为了让这些二手自行车找到新的出路,同时为了让物质极为匮乏的纳米比亚人拥有便宜好用的自行车,Bikes fo r Humanity优选募捐而来的二手自行车,塞满整整一个集装箱,不定期发往纳米比亚,并在当地通过志愿者分发给村落和社区有需要的人们。
