Earthquake engineering research and development have received much attention since the first half of the twentieth century. This valuable research presented a huge step forward in understanding earthquake hazard mitig...Earthquake engineering research and development have received much attention since the first half of the twentieth century. This valuable research presented a huge step forward in understanding earthquake hazard mitigation,which resulted in appreciable reduction of the effects of past earthquakes. Nevertheless,the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and the subsequent tsunami resulted in major damage. This paper presents the timeline of earthquake mitigation and recovery,as seen by the authors. Possible research directions where the authors think that many open questions still remain are identified. These are primarily based on the important lessons learned from the 2011 Tohoku earthquake.展开更多
Flyovers are constructed to manage heavy through movement. However, traffic operations underneath a flyover remain unmanaged and often pose a major con- cern in developing countries with non-lane-based hetero- geneous...Flyovers are constructed to manage heavy through movement. However, traffic operations underneath a flyover remain unmanaged and often pose a major con- cern in developing countries with non-lane-based hetero- geneous traffic. This may reduce the overall benefit of a flyover. An alternative intersection layout is proposed to improve traffic operations at the intersection underneath a flyover. The proposed layout segregates the traffic move- ments through effective channelization. A traffic island is also proposed in the middle of the intersection to facilitate concurrent right-turning movements. This layout helps in eliminating a signal phase and cuts down traffic cycle time by 40 %. A microsimulation-based traffic simulation model is developed for the evaluation of the proposed layout. The simulation model demonstrates effectiveness of the proposed layout. Average delay and average queue length are compared to measure the effectiveness. Traffic volume sensitivity analysis is conducted to estimate the capacity of the proposed layout. An intersection underneath a flyover along the Eastern Expressway in Mumbai is considered for the case study. The effectiveness of the proposed layout at the study location for varying flow level is evaluated by comparing average delay, average stop delay, average number of stops per vehicle, average queue length, and maximum queue length.展开更多
The general goal of the present study is to analyze whether children with siblings lag behind their only-child counterparts in terms of health and nutrition, cognition and educational performance, and non-cognitive ou...The general goal of the present study is to analyze whether children with siblings lag behind their only-child counterparts in terms of health and nutrition, cognition and educational performance, and non-cognitive outcomes. We draw on a dataset containing 25 871 observations constructed from three school-level surveys spanning four provinces in China. The analysis compares children with siblings and only children aged 9 to 14 years old in terms of eight different health, cognitive and non-cognitive indicators. We find that with the exception of the anemia rate, health outcomes of children with siblings are statistically indistinguishable from those of only children. In terms of cognition, children with siblings performed better than only children. Moreover, outcomes of children with siblings are statistically indistinguishable from those of only children in terms of the non-cognitive outcomes provided by measures of anxiety. According to our results, the same general findings are true regardless of whether the difference between children with and without siblings is disaggregated by gender.展开更多
文摘Earthquake engineering research and development have received much attention since the first half of the twentieth century. This valuable research presented a huge step forward in understanding earthquake hazard mitigation,which resulted in appreciable reduction of the effects of past earthquakes. Nevertheless,the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and the subsequent tsunami resulted in major damage. This paper presents the timeline of earthquake mitigation and recovery,as seen by the authors. Possible research directions where the authors think that many open questions still remain are identified. These are primarily based on the important lessons learned from the 2011 Tohoku earthquake.
文摘Flyovers are constructed to manage heavy through movement. However, traffic operations underneath a flyover remain unmanaged and often pose a major con- cern in developing countries with non-lane-based hetero- geneous traffic. This may reduce the overall benefit of a flyover. An alternative intersection layout is proposed to improve traffic operations at the intersection underneath a flyover. The proposed layout segregates the traffic move- ments through effective channelization. A traffic island is also proposed in the middle of the intersection to facilitate concurrent right-turning movements. This layout helps in eliminating a signal phase and cuts down traffic cycle time by 40 %. A microsimulation-based traffic simulation model is developed for the evaluation of the proposed layout. The simulation model demonstrates effectiveness of the proposed layout. Average delay and average queue length are compared to measure the effectiveness. Traffic volume sensitivity analysis is conducted to estimate the capacity of the proposed layout. An intersection underneath a flyover along the Eastern Expressway in Mumbai is considered for the case study. The effectiveness of the proposed layout at the study location for varying flow level is evaluated by comparing average delay, average stop delay, average number of stops per vehicle, average queue length, and maximum queue length.
文摘The general goal of the present study is to analyze whether children with siblings lag behind their only-child counterparts in terms of health and nutrition, cognition and educational performance, and non-cognitive outcomes. We draw on a dataset containing 25 871 observations constructed from three school-level surveys spanning four provinces in China. The analysis compares children with siblings and only children aged 9 to 14 years old in terms of eight different health, cognitive and non-cognitive indicators. We find that with the exception of the anemia rate, health outcomes of children with siblings are statistically indistinguishable from those of only children. In terms of cognition, children with siblings performed better than only children. Moreover, outcomes of children with siblings are statistically indistinguishable from those of only children in terms of the non-cognitive outcomes provided by measures of anxiety. According to our results, the same general findings are true regardless of whether the difference between children with and without siblings is disaggregated by gender.
