芬太尼在正常和迷走神经横断兔对肾交感神经活动的影响

目的研究交感神经与迷走神经在芬太尼所引起的低血压伴随心动过缓中的作用。方法14只兔被随机分为2组: 正常和双侧迷走神经横断兔。兔麻醉、肌松和人工通气,暴露肾交感神经并记录其电生理活动。间隔10 min静脉注射芬太尼1,4,15,30和50μg/kg。结果静脉芬太尼在总剂量20μg/kg以上无论在正常或去迷走神经兔均显著抑制肾交感神经活动,引起血压下降和心率减慢。静脉芬太尼在总剂量50和100μg/kg所引起的肾交感神经活动抑制和血压下降在正常兔明显多于去迷走神经兔(P<0.05),但是心率减慢在正常与去迷走神经兔之间没有统计学显著差异。结论芬太尼只有大剂量才会引起明显的心率减慢和血压下降,主要因为抑制交感神经活动造成。

奎尼丁试管内对人和大鼠肝微粒体安替比林代谢的影响

用HPLC方法研究奎尼丁试管内对人和Wistar大鼠肝微粒体安替比林(AP)的3甲基-羟化酶、4-羟化酶和2-脱甲基酶活性的影响。当奎尼丁浓度≥0.02mmol/L,≥0.10mmol/L和≥0.50mmol/L时,可分别显著抑制人肝微粒体AP4-羟化酶、3甲基-羟化酶和2-脱甲基酶的活性;对大鼠肝微粒体,奎尼丁≥0.02mmol/L时,能显著抑制AP的3甲基-羟化酶和4-羟化酶活性,而≥0.10mmol/L时也可抑制2-脱甲基酶活性。奎尼丁对AP的3甲基-羟化酶、4-羟化酶和2-脱甲基酶活性的IC_(50)在人肝微粒体分别为:0.550,0.107和0.450mmol/L;而在大鼠的肝微粒体则分别为:0.340,0.080和0.500mmol/L。

Risk scoring system and predictor for clinically relevant pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy

AIM: To establish a scoring system to predict clinicallyrelevant postoperative pancreatic fistula(CR-POPF)after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).METHODS: The clinical records of 921 consecutive patients who underwent PD between 2008 and 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF) was defined and classified by the international study group of pancreatic fistula(ISGPF).We used a logistic regression model to determine the independent risk factors of CR-POPF and developed a scoring system based on the regression coefficient of the logistic regression model. The optimal cut-off value to divide the risk strata was determined by the Youden index. The patients were divided into two groups(low risk and high risk). The independent sample t test was used to detect differences in the means of drain amylase on postoperative day(POD) 1, 2 and 3. The optimal cut-off level of the drain amylase to distinguish CR-POPF from non-clinical POPF in the two risk strata groups was determined using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves.RESULTS: Grade A POPF occurred in 106(11.5%)patients, grade B occurred in 57(6.2%) patients,and grade C occurred in 32(3.5%) patients. A predictive scoring system for CR-POPF(0-6 points) was constructed using the following four factors: 1 point for each body mass index ≥ 28 [odds ratio(OR) = 3.86;95% confidence interval(CI): 1.92-7.75, P = 0.00],soft gland texture(OR = 4.50; 95%CI, 2.53-7.98, P =0.00), and the difference between the blood loss and transfusion in operation ≥ 800 mL(OR = 3.45; 95%CI,1.92-7.75, P = 0.00); and from 0 points for a 5 mm or greater duct diameter to 3 points for a less than 2 mm duct(OR = 8.97; 95%CI: 3.70-21.77, P = 0.00). The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of this score was 0.812. A score of 3 points was suggested to be the best cut-off value(Youden index = 0.485). In the low risk group, a drain amylase level ≥ 3600 U/L on POD3 could distinguish CR-POPF from non-clinicalPOPF(the sensitivity and specificity were 75% and85%, respectively). In the high risk group, the best cutoff was a drain amylase level of 1600(the sensitivity and specificity were 77 and 63%, respectively).CONCLUSION: A 6-point scoring system accurately predicted the occurrence of CR-POPF. In addition, a drain amylase level on POD3 might be a predictor of this complication.

EFFECT OF RADIX SALVIAE MILTIORRHIZAE ON EAA AND IAA DURING CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA IN GERBILS: A MICRODIALYSIS STUDY

The concentrations of amino acids (AA), stroke index and infarct area were determined in 26 gerbils which were divided into 3 groups: RSM-treated (n = 8), Saline-treated (n = 10) and sham-operated (n = 8). The levels of AA were measured with microdialysis technique in cerebral cortex. The concentrations of neurotransmitter AA, as Glu and GABA and Asp, were significantly increased during the first 60 min after CCA ligation, while the concentra-tions of non-neurotransmitter AA, as Thr and Ser, had no significant changes. In RSM-treated gerbils, the level of Glu was significantly lower than that of the saline-treated, but the GABA in RSM-treated was significantly higher than that of the sa-line-treated. The ratio of Glu/ GABA was significantly decreased after ischemia. The RSM could improve the reduction of ratio of Glu / GABA during 0-30 min and 91-120 min after cerebral ischemia. There were statistically significant decrease in terms of stroke index in RSM-treated group when compared with saline-treated group at 24 h and 16 h after CCA ligation respectively. The RSM has a tendency to decrease the size of infarct area, but no statistical difference. The results suggest that the neurotransmitter AA involve in the pathophysiological procedures of cerebral ischemia and the RSM can attenuate dysfunctions of EAA and IAA. Furthermore, the results also imply that there may be an alternate way to treat cerebral ischemia by inhibiting the presynaptic releasing of Glu and stimulating the releasing of GABA.

EFFECT OF RADIX SALVIAE MILTIORRHIZAE ON NITRIC OXIDE IN CEREBRAL ISCHEMIC-REPERFUSION INJURY

It has been postulated that nitric oxide (NO) is produced in significant amount on reperfusion of ischemic brain and could cause brain edema and cell death. This study was undertaken in an attempt to determine whether Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RSM) could reduce cerebral NO contents in 4 -vessel occlusion rat model after 30 min of global ischemia and 15 min of reperfusion. There was a significant increase in cerebral NO level in untreated animals as compared with sham-operated ones. By pretreatment with RSM the cerebral NO concentration was reduced to normal level. The possibilities of neuroprotective role of RSM in cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury were discussed.

Lentivirual vector-mediated doxycycline-inducible iASPP gene targeted RNA interference in hepatocellular carcinoma

Background and Objective:iASPP, an inhibitory member of the apoptosis-stimulating proteins of p53 (ASPP) family, has been found to be up-regulated in various human tumor types.This study was to construct an efficient doxycycline-regulated, lentiviral vector-mediated knockdown system for iASPP that will allow for inducible down-regulation of iASPP gene expression and preliminary functional analysis.Methods:A pair of complementary oligos with hairpin structures targeting the iASPP gene and a negative control were synthesized, then ligated with pLVTHM vector and sequenced.The fragment containing the shRNA cassette was cloned to pLVCT-tTR-KRAB plasmid.The recombinant vectors were co-transfected with viral packaging mix into 293T cells, and viral supernatant was harvested to determine the titer.After treatment with or without doxycycline, HepG2 cells infected with virus were harvested and the expression of iASPP was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis.Its effects on tumor growth were characterized using MTS assay, soft agar colony formation, and flow cytometry analysis.Results:The lentiviral vector expressing shRNA that targets to the oncogene iASPP was constructed successfully.HepG2 infected with the lentivirus expressing shRNA against iASPP inhibited the expression of iASPP in the presence of doxycycline, which resulted in the repression of tumor cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth potential.Conclusions:The lentiviral vector-mediated tet-on system demonstrates efficient and inducible knockdown of iASPP in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.iASPP gene may be involved in tumorigenesis and progression of human tumors.

Effects of spaceflight and simulated microgravity on microbial growth and secondary metabolism

Spaceflight and ground-based microgravity analog experiments have suggested that microgravity can affect microbial growth and metabolism. Although the effects of microgravity and its analogs on microorganisms have been studied for more than 50 years, plausible conflicting and diverse results have frequently been reported in different experiments, especially regarding microbial growth and secondary metabolism. Until now, only the responses of a few typical microbes to microgravity have been investigated; systematic studies of the genetic and phenotypic responses of these microorganisms to microgravity in space are still insufficient due to technological and logistical hurdles. The use of different test strains and secondary metabolites in these studies appears to have caused diverse and conflicting results. Moreover, subtle changes in the extracellular microenvironments around microbial cells play a key role in the diverse responses of microbial growth and secondary metabolisms. Therefore, "indirect" effects represent a reasonable pathway to explain the occurrence of these phenomena in microorganisms. This review summarizes current knowledge on the changes in microbial growth and secondary metabolism in response to spaceflight and its analogs and discusses the diverse and conflicting results. In addition, recommendations are given for future studies on the effects of microgravity in space on microbial growth and secondary metabolism.

THE EFFECT OF RADIX SALVIAE MILTIORRHIZAE ON VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE IN CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA:AN ANIMAL EXPERIMENT

The levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)in three regions of rat brain were assayed in 62 rats.Bilateral common carotid artery ligation was donein 50 rats.Half an hour before ligation 26 rats weregiven 10 g/kg of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae(RSM);24 rats were given same volume of normalsaline as controls.A sham operation wasdone in 12 rats.Half an hour(n=30)and 3hours(n=32)after operation,the rats were quicklydecapitated.VIP levels were assayed in cerebralcortex,hippocampus and caudate nucleus,in salin-treated animals,VIP levels of cerebral cortex andcaudate nucleus at 3 hour group were significantlydecreased compared with the sham-operated group.No significant difference was found between RSM-treated and sham-operated groups.The preliminaryresults suggest that VIP may be involved in thepathophysiological procedures of cerebral ischemiaand RSM may attenuate the dysfunction of VIPduring cerebral ischemia.

Prevalence and determinants of delayed gastric emptying in hospitalised Type 2 diabetic patients

AIM: To determine the prevalence of delayed gastric emptying (GE) in older patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: One hundred and forty seven patients with Type 2 diabetes, of whom 140 had been hospitalised, mean age 62.3 ± 8.0 years, HbA1c 9.1% ± 1.9%, treated with either oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin were studied. GE of a solid meal (scintigraphy), autonomic nerve function, upper gastrointestinal symptoms, acute and chronic glycemic control were evaluated. Gastric emptying results were compared to a control range of hospitalised patients who did not have diabetes. RESULTS: Gastric emptying was delayed (T50 > 85 min) in 17.7% patients. Mean gastric emptying was slower in females (T50 72.1 ± 72.1 min vs 56.9 ± 68.1 min, P = 0.02) and in those reporting nausea (112.3 ± 67.3 vs 62.7 ± 70.0 min, P < 0.01) and early satiety (114.0 ± 135.2 vs 61.1 ± 62.6 min, P = 0.02). There was no correlation between GE with age, body weight, duration of diabetes, neuropathy, current glycemia or the total score for upper gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSION: Prolonged GE occurs in about 20% of hospitalised elderly patients with Type 2 diabetes when compared to hospitalised patients who do not have diabetes. Female gender, nausea and early satiety areassociated with higher probability of delayed GE.

Plasticity of language pathways in patients with low-grade glioma A diffusion tensor imaging study

Knowledge of the plasticity of language pathways neurosurgeons to achieve maximum resection wh n patients with low-grade glioma is important for e preserving neurological function. The current study sought to investigate changes in the ventral language pathways in patients with low-grade glioma located in regions likely to affect the dorsal language pathways. The results revealed no significant difference in fractional anisotropy values in the arcuate fasciculus between groups or between hemispheres. However, fractional anisotropy and lateralization index values in the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus and lateralization index values in the left inferior fronto-occpital fasciculus were higher in patients than in healthy subjects. These results indicate plasticity of language pathways in patients with low-grade glioma. The ventral language pathways may perform more functions in patients than in healthy subjects. As such, it is important to protect the ventral language pathways intraoperatively.

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF RADIX SALVIAE MILTIORRHIZAE ON APOPTOSIS OF NEURONSDUREVG FOCAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION INJURY

We have found that Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RSM) plays a protective role in ischemic brain injury,which attracted us to investigate the effect of RSM on apoptosis of neurons during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. The apoptotic cells in ischemic brains at different reperfusion intervals were tested with the method of TdT-mediated dUTP-DIG nick end labeling (TUNEL), and the effect of RSM on the apoptosis of neurons was studied in left middle cerebral artery (LMCA) occlusion in rat models (n=18). The results showed that few scattered apoptotic cells were observed in right cerebral hemisphere after LMCA occlusion and reperfusion, and that a lot of apoptotic cells were found in left ischemic cerebral cortex and caudoputamen at 12 h reperfusion, and they reached peak at 24-48h reperfusion. However, in rats pretreated with RSM, the number of apoptotic cells in left cortex and caudoputamen reduced significantly and the neuronal damage was much milder at 24h reperfusion as compared with those of saline-treated rats. From this study, we conclude that administration of RSM can reduce the apoptosis of neurons induced by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and afford significant cerebroprotection in the model of focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

Corneal collagen crosslinking for corneal ectasia of post-LASIK: one-year results

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of corneal collagen crosslinking (01) to prevent the progression of post-laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) corneal ectasia. METHODS: In a prospective, nonrandomized, single-centre study, CXL was performed in 20 eyes of 11 patients who had LASIK for myopic astigmatism and subsequently developed keratectasia. The procedure included instillation of 0.1% riboflavin-20% dextrane solution 30 minutes before UVA irradiation and every 5 minutes for an additional 30 minutes during irradiation. The eyes were evaluated preoperatively and at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month intervals. The complete ophthalmologic examination comprised uncorrected visual acuity, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, endothelial cell count, ultrasound pachymetry, corneal topography, and in vivo confocal microscopy. RESULTS: CXL appeared to stabilise or partially reverse the progression of post-LASIK corneal ectasia without apparent complication in our cohort. UCVA and BCVA improvements were statistically significant (P<0.05)beyond 12 months after surgery (improvement of 0.07 and 0.13 logMAR at 1 year, respectively). Mean baseline flattest meridian keratometry and mean steepest meridian keratometry reduction (improvement of 2.00 and 1.50 diopters (D), respectively) were statistically significant (P < 0.05) at 12 months postoperatively. At 1 year after 01, mean endothelial cell count did not deteriorate. Mean thinnest cornea pachymetry increased significantly. CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed a long-term stability of post-LASIK corneal ectasia after crosslinking without relevant side effects. It seems to be a safe and promising procedure to stop the progression of post-LASIK keratectasia, thereby avoiding or delaying keratoplasty.

Comparison of the Histological Morphology between Normal Skin and Scar Tissue

Skin wound healing is a complex event, and interrupted wound healing process could lead to scar formation. The aim of this study was to examine the morphological changes of scar tissue. Pathological staining（HE staining, Masson＇s trichrome staining, methenamine silver staining） was used to evaluate the morphological changes of regenerating epidermis in normal skin and scar tissue, and immunofluorescence staining to detect the expression of collagen Ⅳ, a component of basement membrane（BM）, and the expression of integrinβ4, a receptor for BM laminins. Additionally, the expression of CK14, CK5, and CK10 was measured to evaluate the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes in normal skin and scar tissue. The results showed that the structure of the skin was histologically changed in scar tissue. Collagen Ⅳ, expressed under the epidermis of normal skin, was reduced distinctly in scar tissue. Integrinβ4, expressed in the basal layer of normal skin, was found absent in the basal layer of scar tissue. Additionally, it was found that keratinocytes in scarring epidermis were more proliferative than in normal skin. These results indicate that during the skin wound healing, altered formation of BM may affect the proliferation of keratinocytes, reepithelial and tissue remodeling, and then result in scar formation. Thus, remodeling BM structure during wound repair may be beneficial for improving healing in cutaneous wounds during clinical practice.

Effects of Simulated Weightlessness on Tight Junction Protein Occludin and Zonula Occluden-1 Expression Levels in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats

This study investigated the tight junction（TJ） protein expression of the intestinal mucosa in a rat tail-suspension model under simulated weightlessness.Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups：CON group（n=8）,control; SUS-14 d group（n=8）,tail-suspension for 14 days; SUS-21 d group（n=8）,tail-suspension for 21 days.Occludin and Zonula Occluden-1（ZO-1） expression levels were determined by immunohistochemical analysis and mRNA fluorescent quantitative PCR.Plasma levels of diamine oxidase（DAO） and d-lactate were determined using enzymatic spectrophotometry.Immunohistochemical results for occludin and ZO-1 showed disruption of the TJs in the intestinal mucosa in SUS-14 d and SUS-21 d groups.The expression levels of occludin and ZO-1 in SUS-21 d group were lower than those in SUS-14 d group,and significantly lower than those in CON group（Occldin：0.86±0.02 vs 1.01±0.03 vs 1.63±0.03 and ZO-1：0.82±0.01 vs 1.00±0.02 vs 1.55±0.01,P〈0.01）.Moreover,the levels of plasma DAO and d-lactate in SUS-21 d group were higher than those in SUS-14 d group,and significantly higher than those in CON group（DAO：27.58±0.49 vs 20.74±0.49 vs 12.94±0.21 and d-lactate：37.86±0.74 vs 28.26±1.01 vs 17.76±0.91,P〈0.01）.There were significant negative correlations between occludin or ZO-1 expression levels and DAO（r2=0.9014,r2=0.9355,P〈0.01） or d-lactate levels（r2=0.8989,r2=0.9331,P〈0.01）.Occludin and Zo-1 were reduced in intestinal mucosa both in mRNA and protein levels in the rat tail-suspension model.The significant negative correlations between expression levels of TJs and plasma levels of DAO or d-lactate support the hypothesis that intestinal permeability is increased due to a decrease in TJ protein expression during tail-suspension from 14 days to 21 days.

Effects of Batroxobin on Spatial Learning and Memory Disorder of Rats with Temporal Ischemia and the Expression of HSP32 and HSP70

The effect of Batroxobin on spatial memory disorder of left temporal ischemic rats and the expression of HSP32 and HSP70 were investigated with Morri`s water maze and immunohistochemistry methods. The results showed that the mean reaction time and distance of temporal ischemic rats in searching a goal were significantly longer than those of the sham-operated rats and at the same time HSP32 and HSP70 expression of left temporal ischemic region in rats was significantly increased as compared with the sham-operated rats. However, the mean reaction time and distance of the Batroxobin-treated rats were shorter and they used normal strategies more often and earlier than those of ischemic rats. The number of HSP32 and HSP70 immune reactive cells of Batroxobin-treated rats was also less than that of the ischemic group. In conclusion, Batroxobin can improve spatial memory disorder of temporal ischemic rats; and the down-regulation of the expression of HSP32 and HSP70 is probably related to the attenuation of ischemic injury.

GAP-43 Expression and Pathological Changes of Temporal Infarction in R.ats and Effects of Batroxobin

To study the changes of the expression of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and pathology in temporal infarction of rats photochemically induced and the effects of batroxobin. METHODS: Immunohistochemical technique and hematoxylin-eosin stain was used to show the changes of the expression of GAP-43 and pathology. RESULTS: In infarction group, GAP-43 expression was markedly increased on the infarction and surrounding tissues at 24 h cerebral infarction. The expression reached peak level at 72 h after cerebral infarction and was decreased at 7 d after cerebral infarction. However, in batroxobin-treated group, GAP-43 expression was increased and the pathological changes were much slight as compared with infarction group. CONCLUSION: The expression of GAP-43 increases in infarction of temporal neocortex and batroxobin promotes the expression of GAP-43 and ameliorates the pathological changes in infarction of temporal neocortex.

Effect of Batroxobin on Neuronal Apoptosis During Focal Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats

We have found that Batroxobin plays a protective role in ischemic brain injury, which attracted us to investigate the effect of Batroxobin on apoptosis of neurons during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. The apoptotic cells in ischemic rat brains at different reperfusion intervals were tested with method of TdT-mediated dUTP-DIG nick end labeling (TUNEL) and the effect of Batroxobin on the apoptosis of neurons was studied in left middle cerebral artery (LMCA) occlusion and reperfusion in rat models (n = 18). The results showed that few scattered apoptosis cells were observed in right cerebral hemispheres after LMCA occlusion and reperfusion, and that a lot of apoptosis cells were found in left ischemic cortex and caudoputamen at 12 h reperfusion, and they reached peak at 24 h-48 h reperfusion. However, in the rats pretreated with Batroxobin, the number of apoptosis cells in left cerebral cortex and caudoputamen reduced significantly and the neuronal damage was much milder at 24 h reperfusion than that of saline-treated rats. The results indicate that administration of Batroxobin may reduce the apoptosis of neurons induced by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and afford significant cerebroprotection in the model of focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

ET-1 GENE EXPRESSION OF RAT BRAIN DURING ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION AND THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF RADIX SALVIAE MILTIORRHIZAE

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) gene expression of rat brain during ischemia and reperfusion as well as the effect of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RSM) were studied with in situ hybridization. It was found that ET-1 gene expression of cerebral cortex and caudate-putamen was markedly increased both in 24 hours of ischemia and 24 hours of reperfusion groups (P【 0.01, P【 0.05). In RSM-treated rats, although the ET-1 gene expressions of ischemia and reperfusion sides were also increased as compared with contralateral cortex and caudate-putamen, they were significantly lower in RSM-treated rats than those of controls (P【 0.05, P【 0.01 respectively). The present study indicated that RSM can partly inhibit ET-1 gene expression of cerebral cortex and caudate-putamen during ischemia and reperfusion. This may be one of the protective mechanisms of RSM on cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

HBV表面抗原和核心抗原联合负载的HBV相关性肝癌患者树突状细胞功能研究(英文)

目的研究HBV相关性肝癌(HCC)患者单核细胞来源的树突状细胞(MoDC)联合负载HBV表面抗原(HBsAg)和HBV核心抗原(HBcAg)后表型和功能的变化。方法从20例HBV感染相关性HCC患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中诱导出未成熟的MoDC(imaDC),HBcAg与HBsAg联合负载后用“细胞因子鸡尾酒”(IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和PGE2)促成熟,流式细胞仪检测成熟MoDC的表型,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测MoDC分泌的细胞因子,酶联免疫斑点(Elispot)实验检测MoDC诱导自身T细胞分泌IFN-γ的频率,五聚体染色法检测MoDC诱导自身T细胞产生HBV特异性CD8T细胞的能力。结果HBsAg和HBcAg联合负载的成熟MoDC(scDC)表面分子表达水平比imaDC显著增加,其中HBsAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc三项阳性(简称为1-4-5阳性组)的患者MoDC表面分子明显高于HBsAg和抗-HBc两项阳性(简称为1-5阳性组)的患者;scDC分泌IL-12和IL-10水平明显高于用无关蛋白负载的对照组(conDC),1-4-5阳性组患者MoDC分泌的IL-12水平明显高于1-5阳性组;1-4-5阳性组的scDC诱导自体T细胞分泌IFN-γ的频率明显高于conDC;有4例HLA-A2+的1-4-5阳性组患者的scDC诱导自体T细胞产生HBVcore18-27特异性CD8T细胞。结论HBsAg和HBcAg联合负载可以逆转HBV相关性HCC患者MoDC受损的功能,增强1-4-5阳性组MoDC诱导自体T细胞特异性应答的能力。1-4-5阳性组患者的MoDC功能强于1-5阳性组患者。

EFFECTS OF TRANSIENT FOREBRAIN ISCHEMIA AND RADIX SALVIAE MILTIORRHIZAE (RSM) ON EXTRACELLULAR LEVELS OF MONOAMINE NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND METABOLITES IN THE GERBIL STRIATUM-An in vivo Microdialysis Study

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 30 min forebrain ischemia, followed by 120 min reperfusion on extracellular fluid (ECF) levels of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites, homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the striatum of gerbils, so as to obtain further information on the mechanism of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RSM)-induced neuroprotection. Microdialysis was used to sample the extracellular space. Dialysate was measured by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector (HPLC-ED). ECF DA, NE levels increased from basal levels by 282, 227 and 221 folds, by 9.14, 8.51 and 8.25 folds, respectively for the three ischemic duration (0-10; 11-20; 21-30 min). ECF DA, NE, 5-HT levels in the RSM-treated group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the control group during ischemia (P