Rotaviruses are non-enveloped double-stranded RNA virus that causes acute diarrheal diseases in children(<5 years).More than 90%of the global rotavirus infection in humans was caused by Rotavirus group A.Rotavirus ...Rotaviruses are non-enveloped double-stranded RNA virus that causes acute diarrheal diseases in children(<5 years).More than 90%of the global rotavirus infection in humans was caused by Rotavirus group A.Rotavirus infection has caused more than 200000 deaths annually and predominantly occurs in the low-income countries.Rotavirus evolution is indicated by the strain dynamics or the emergence of the unprecedented strain.The major factors that drive the rotavirus evolution include the genetic shift that is caused by the reassortment mechanism,either in the intra-or the inter-genogroup.However,other factors are also known to have an impact on rotavirus evolution.This review discusses the structure and types,epidemiology,and evolution of rotaviruses.This article also reviews other supplemental factors of rotavirus evolution,such as genetic reassortment,mutation rate,glycan specificity,vaccine introduction,the host immune respo-nses,and antiviral drugs.展开更多
Hepatitis D virus(HDV)infection causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis with rapid progression to cirrhosis,hepatic decompensation,and hepatocellular carcinoma.Although discovered>40 years ago,little attenti...Hepatitis D virus(HDV)infection causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis with rapid progression to cirrhosis,hepatic decompensation,and hepatocellular carcinoma.Although discovered>40 years ago,little attention has been paid to this pathogen from both scientific and public communities.However,effectively combating hepatitis D requires advanced scientific knowledge and joint efforts from multi-stakeholders.In this review,we emphasized the recent advances in HDV virology,epidemiology,clinical feature,treatment,and prevention.We not only highlighted the remaining challenges but also the opportunities that can move the field forward.展开更多
文摘Rotaviruses are non-enveloped double-stranded RNA virus that causes acute diarrheal diseases in children(<5 years).More than 90%of the global rotavirus infection in humans was caused by Rotavirus group A.Rotavirus infection has caused more than 200000 deaths annually and predominantly occurs in the low-income countries.Rotavirus evolution is indicated by the strain dynamics or the emergence of the unprecedented strain.The major factors that drive the rotavirus evolution include the genetic shift that is caused by the reassortment mechanism,either in the intra-or the inter-genogroup.However,other factors are also known to have an impact on rotavirus evolution.This review discusses the structure and types,epidemiology,and evolution of rotaviruses.This article also reviews other supplemental factors of rotavirus evolution,such as genetic reassortment,mutation rate,glycan specificity,vaccine introduction,the host immune respo-nses,and antiviral drugs.
基金China Scholarship Council for funding PhD fellowships to Zhijiang Miao(No.201708530234)the Project of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department to Zhenrong Xie(No.2017FE468[-142])the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Li Ren(No.82060608)。
文摘Hepatitis D virus(HDV)infection causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis with rapid progression to cirrhosis,hepatic decompensation,and hepatocellular carcinoma.Although discovered>40 years ago,little attention has been paid to this pathogen from both scientific and public communities.However,effectively combating hepatitis D requires advanced scientific knowledge and joint efforts from multi-stakeholders.In this review,we emphasized the recent advances in HDV virology,epidemiology,clinical feature,treatment,and prevention.We not only highlighted the remaining challenges but also the opportunities that can move the field forward.
