Asthma is common in childhood. This respiratory disease is characterized by persistent inflammation of the airways even when the child is not in thethroes of an attack. Chronic inflammation is caused by an imbalance b...Asthma is common in childhood. This respiratory disease is characterized by persistent inflammation of the airways even when the child is not in thethroes of an attack. Chronic inflammation is caused by an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and antiinflammatory mechanisms as well as autonomic dysfunction, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis and control of this condition. The impact of these physiopathological aspects leads to inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle, which exerts an influence on functional capacity and control of the disease. The main objective of non-pharmacological therapy is the clinical control of asthma and the minimization of airway obstruction and hyperinflation during an attack. These factors can be controlled with noninvasive ventilation. The aim or the present review was to describe important neural, inflammatory and functional mechanisms that affect children with asthma.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： The aim of this work is to develop and implement the SimTCM, an advanced computationa model that incorporates relevant aspects from traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory as well as advanced statistic...OBJECTIVE： The aim of this work is to develop and implement the SimTCM, an advanced computationa model that incorporates relevant aspects from traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory as well as advanced statistical and epidemiological techniques for simulation and analysis of human patients. METHODS： SimTCM presents five major attributes for simulation： representation of true and false profiles for any single pattern; variable count of manifestations for each manifestation profile; empirical distributions of patterns and manifestations in a disease-specific population; incorporation of uncertainty in clinical data; and the combination of the four examinations. The proposed model is strengthened by following international standards for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies, and incorporates these standards in its treatment of study population, sample size calculation, data collection of manifestation profiles, exclusion criteria and missing data handling, reference standards, randomization and blinding and test reproducibility. RESULTS： Simulations using data from patients diagnosed with hypertension and post-stroke sensory- motor impairments yielded no significant differences between expected and simulated frequencies of patterns （P = 0.22 or higher）. Time for convergence of simulations varied from 9.90 s （9.80, 10.27） to 28.31 s （26.33, 29.52）. The ratio iteration profile necessary for convergence varied between 1：1 and 5：1. CONCLUSION： This model is directly connected to forthcoming models in a large project to design and implement the Suite TCM： ProntTCM, SciTCM, DiagTCM, StudentTCM, Research TCM, HerbsTCM, AcuTCM, and DataTCM. It is expected that the continuity of the SuiteTCM project enhances the evidence-based practice of Chinese medicine.展开更多
文摘Asthma is common in childhood. This respiratory disease is characterized by persistent inflammation of the airways even when the child is not in thethroes of an attack. Chronic inflammation is caused by an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and antiinflammatory mechanisms as well as autonomic dysfunction, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis and control of this condition. The impact of these physiopathological aspects leads to inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle, which exerts an influence on functional capacity and control of the disease. The main objective of non-pharmacological therapy is the clinical control of asthma and the minimization of airway obstruction and hyperinflation during an attack. These factors can be controlled with noninvasive ventilation. The aim or the present review was to describe important neural, inflammatory and functional mechanisms that affect children with asthma.
基金supported by a grant from the Fundao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)
文摘OBJECTIVE： The aim of this work is to develop and implement the SimTCM, an advanced computationa model that incorporates relevant aspects from traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory as well as advanced statistical and epidemiological techniques for simulation and analysis of human patients. METHODS： SimTCM presents five major attributes for simulation： representation of true and false profiles for any single pattern; variable count of manifestations for each manifestation profile; empirical distributions of patterns and manifestations in a disease-specific population; incorporation of uncertainty in clinical data; and the combination of the four examinations. The proposed model is strengthened by following international standards for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies, and incorporates these standards in its treatment of study population, sample size calculation, data collection of manifestation profiles, exclusion criteria and missing data handling, reference standards, randomization and blinding and test reproducibility. RESULTS： Simulations using data from patients diagnosed with hypertension and post-stroke sensory- motor impairments yielded no significant differences between expected and simulated frequencies of patterns （P = 0.22 or higher）. Time for convergence of simulations varied from 9.90 s （9.80, 10.27） to 28.31 s （26.33, 29.52）. The ratio iteration profile necessary for convergence varied between 1：1 and 5：1. CONCLUSION： This model is directly connected to forthcoming models in a large project to design and implement the Suite TCM： ProntTCM, SciTCM, DiagTCM, StudentTCM, Research TCM, HerbsTCM, AcuTCM, and DataTCM. It is expected that the continuity of the SuiteTCM project enhances the evidence-based practice of Chinese medicine.
