ChatGPT: Application in Chemistry Education and Challenges

The paper discusses the advancements and applications of neural networks, specifically ChatGPT, in various fields, including chemistry education and research. It examines the benefits of AI and ChatGPT, such as their ability to process and analyze large amounts of data, create personalized training systems, and offer problem-solving recommendations. The paper delves into practical applications, showcasing how ChatGPT can be utilised to augment chemistry learning. It provides examples of using ChatGPT for creating tests, generating multiple-choice questions, and studying chemistry in general. Concerns are voiced about the ethical and societal impact of AI development. In conclusion, it explores the exciting potential of AI to tackle challenges that may exceed human capabilities alone, paving the way for further exploration and collaboration between humans and intelligent machines.

Auxiliary Software for Defining the Parameters of the Structural Organization of a Complex System

The developed auxiliary software serves to simplify, standardize and facilitate the software loading of the structural organization of a complex technological system, as well as its further manipulation within the process of solving the considered technological system. Its help can be especially useful in the case of a complex structural organization of a technological system with a large number of different functional elements grouped into several technological subsystems. This paper presents the results of its application for a special complex technological system related to the reference steam block for the combined production of heat and electricity.

一种用于船舶汽轮机的安全且经济的启动加速概念

This paper analyses the issue of accelerated start-up of a marine steam turbine,which is an important problem because the start-up of a steam machine involves the combustion of fuel that is not transformed into useful energy.To find novel technologies that offer improvements in this aspect is essential due to restrictions on reducing ship emissions.Thus,the shorter the start-up time,the better for the environment and economy.High-pressure(HP)part of the turbine originally located on the Queen Elizabeth II unit was analysed.Advanced numerical calculations by thermal fluid-solid-interaction(Thermal FSI)were carried out.A series of simulations were performed for the accelerated start-up with controlled steam injection.A description of the chosen calculation methodology and the results obtained by simulation are included in this paper.The stress occurring during the accelerated start-up are approximately 40 MPa higher than those during the reference start-up.The relative elongations between the rotor and the hull during accelerated start-up reach a maximum value of 0.89 mm(0.83 mm for ultra-fast start-up).Reducing the steam turbine start-up time by 75%results in a 36.7 tons reduction in fuel consumption for start-up,resulting in an annual savings of 5372 USD.In conclusion,the concept proposed by the authors is safe,less expensive and does not affect the life of the turbine.In addition,results and applications from Siemens prove that additional injection of cooling steam is possible.

Cavitation Detection in Variable Speed Pump by Analyzing the Acoustic and Vibration Spectrums

Cavitation in pumps must be detected and prevented. The present work is an attempt to use the simultaneous measurements of vibration and sound for variable speed pump to detect cavitation. It is an attempt to declare the relationship between the vibration and sound for the same discharge of 780 L/h and NPSHA of 0.754 at variable speeds of 1476 rpm, 1644 rpm, 1932 rpm, 2190 rpm, 2466 rpm, and 2682 rpm. Results showed that: the occurrence of cavitation depends on the rotational speed, and the sound signals in both no cavitation and cavitation conditions appear in random manner. While, surveying the vibration and sound spectrums at the second, third, and fourth blade passing frequencies reveals no indications or phenomenon associated with the cavitation at variable speeds. It is recommended to survey the vibration spectra at the rotational and blade passing frequencies simultaneously as a detection unique method of cavitation.

Magnetized Water and Memory Meter

This paper presents an experimental study to investigate the effect of using the magnetic water conditioner on the properties of water. The water flows through a closed loop, while the pH, TDS, and hardness represent its properties. For magnetic water conditioner with flux density of 170 mT, results showed that pH increased by 15.65% for 820 minutes of non-stop circulation. The increase in pH is divided to 93.5% for the first 360 minutes, and 6.5% for the last 460 minutes. TDS and Hardness of water are not affected by the magnetic water conditioner. Water remembers and keeps the impact of passing through the magnetic field for several hours, and pH decreased by 0.642 in24 hours. While the results lead to introduce and create the magnetized water saturation curve and water memory meter.

六自由度IRB-120机器人机械手的滑模控制与边界层控制（英文）

由于线性PID控制器易于实现,一般采用其对机器人进行控制。线性控制器不能有效地处理不确定性和参数的变化,因此推荐具有鲁棒性能的非线性控制器。滑模控制(SMC)是一种针对非线性系统的鲁棒状态反馈控制方法,其设计简单,有效地克服了系统中的不确定性和扰动,它的瞬态响应非常快,是理想的控制器。SMC最主要的缺点是控制输入信号的抖动。为了解决这一问题,本文采用SMC与边界层(SMCBL)相结合的方法,消除了系统的抖振现象,提高了系统的性能。将所提出的SMCBL与传统的非线性控制方法逆动态控制(IDC)进行了比较。首先,对IRB-120机器人机械手的运动学方程和动力学方程进行了完整、准确的提取;然后,对采用SMC的机器人机械手的控制进行了评价。为了验证该控制方法的有效性,在一个6自由度IRB-120机器人机械手上使用了该控制方法。在MATLAB/Simulink环境下对仿真结果进行了仿真、测试和比较。为了进一步验证我们的工作,在一个实际的IRB-120机器人机械手上进行了测试和实验验证。

Simulation of District Cooling Plant and Efficient Energy Air Cooled Condensers (Part I)

In hot arid countries with severe weather, the summer air conditioning systems consume much electrical power at peak period. Shifting the loads peak to off-peak period with thermal storage is recommended. Model A of residential buildings and Model B of schools and hospitals were used to estimate the daily cooling load profile in Makkah, Saudi Arabia at latitude of 21.42°N and longitude of 39.83°E. Model A was constructed from common materials, but Model B as Model A with 5 - 8 cm thermal insulation and double layers glass windows. The average data of Makkah weather through 2010, 2011 and 2012 were used to calculate the cooling load profile and performance of air conditioning systems. The maximum cooling load was calculated at 15:00 o’clock for a main floor building to a 40-floor of residential building and to 5 floors of schools. A district cooling plant of 180,000 Refrigeration Ton was suggested to serve the Gabal Al Sharashf area in the central zone of Makkah. A thermal storage system to store the excess cooling capacity was used. Air cooled condensers were used in the analysis of chiller refrigeration cycle. The operating cost was mainly a function of electrical energy consumption. Fixed electricity tariff was 0.04 $/kWh for electromechanical counter, and 0.027, 0.04, 0.069 $/kWh for shifting loads peak for the smart digital counter. The results showed that the daily savings in consumed power are 8.27% in spring, 6.86% in summer, 8.81% in autumn, and 14.55% in winter. Also, the daily savings in electricity bills are 12.26% in spring, 16.66% in summer, 12.84% in autumn, and 14.55% in winter. The obtained maximum saving in consumed power is 14.5% and the daily saving in electricity bills is 43% in summer when the loads peak is completely shifted to off-peak period.

Investigating the Validity of Acoustic Spectrum as a Prediction Tool for Pump Cavitation

Cavitation in pumps causes destructive consequences;it must be detected and prevented. The aim of the present work is investigating the validity of sound spectrum as a prediction tool for pump cavitation. Results showed that;for the discrete frequencies of RF = 47.5 Hz, and BPF = 285 Hz and its second, third, and fourth harmonics of 570 Hz, 855 Hz, and 1140 Hz respectively;there are no great variations in the noise signal for the cavitation and non-cavitation conditions. For the discrete frequency of 147 Hz, there is also no great variation in the noise signal at this frequency. The only apparent result is that;the occurrence of cavitation results high energy noise signals at high frequencies from 1000 Hz to 10000 Hz. The absence of any discrete frequency to be monitored makes the sound spectrum not valid as a prediction tool for cavitation in the pumps.

Optimal Thermal Insulation Thickness in Isolated Air-Conditioned Buildings and Economic Analysis

The removal building heat load and electrical power consumption by air conditioning system are proportional to the outside conditions and solar radiation intensity. Building construction materials has substantial effects on the transmission heat through outer walls, ceiling and glazing windows. Good thermal isolation for buildings is important to reduce the transmitted heat and consumed power. The buildings models are constructed from common materials with 0 - 16 cm of thermal insulation thickness in the outer walls and ceilings, and double-layers glazing windows. The building heat loads were calculated for two types of walls and ceiling with and without thermal insulation. The cooling load temperature difference method, CLTD, was used to estimate the building heat load during a 24-hour each day throughout spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons. The annual cooling degree-day, CDD was used to estimate the optimal thermal insulation thickness and payback period with including the solar radiation effect on the outer walls surfaces. The average saved energy percentage in summer, spring, autumn and winter are 35.5%, 32.8%, 33.2% and 30.7% respectively, and average yearly saved energy is about of 33.5%. The optimal thermal insulation thickness was obtained between 7 - 12 cm and payback period of 20 - 30 month for some Egyptian Cities according to the Latitude and annual degree-days.

Simple GUI Wireless Controller of Quadcopter

This paper presents the development of remotely operated Quadcopter system. The Quadcopter is controlled through a graphical user interface (GUI) where the communication between GUI and Quadcopter is constructed by using wireless communication system. The Quadcopter balancing condition is sensed by FY90 controller and IMU 5DOF sensor. For smooth landing, Quadcopter is equipped with ultrasonic sensor. All signals from sensors are processed by Arduino Uno microcontroller board and output from the Arduino Uno microcontroller board is implemented to control Quadcopter propellers. The GUI is designed using Visual Basic 2008 Express as interfacing communication between the Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) controller and the Quadcopter system. The experiment shows that the Quadcopter system can hover while maintain it balancing and the stability is guaranteed. Moreover, the developed system is able to cope with load disturbance up to 250 gduring the hover position. Maximum operated time of Quadcopter is six minutes using 2200 mAh Lipo battery and operate time can be increased by using largest battery capacity.

Condition Monitoring and Maintenance Management with Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Systems

The shift towards the renewable energy market for carbon-neutral power generation has encouraged different governments to come up with a plan of action.But with the endorsement of renewable energy for harsh environmental conditions like sand dust and snow,monitoring and maintenance are a few of the prime concerns.These problems were addressed widely in the literature,but most of the research has drawbacks due to long detection time,and high misclassification error.Hence to overcome these drawbacks,and to develop an accurate monitoring approach,this paper is motivated toward the understanding of primary failure concerning a grid-connected photovoltaic(PV)system and highlighted along with a brief overview on existing fault detection methodology.Based on the drawback a data-driven machine learning approach has been used for the identification of fault and indicating the maintenance unit regarding the operation and maintenance requirement.Further,the system was tested with a 4 kWp grid-connected PV system,and a decision tree-based algorithm was developed for the identification of a fault.The results identified 94.7%training accuracy and 14000 observations/sec prediction speed for the trained classifier and improved the reliability of fault detection nature of the grid-connected PV operation.

Review of sub-synchronous interaction in wind integrated power systems: classification, challenges, and mitigation techniques

Emerging sub-synchronous interactions(SSI)in wind-integrated power systems have added intense attention after numerous incidents in the US and China due to the involvement of series compensated transmission lines and power electronics devices.SSI phenomenon occurs when two power system elements exchange energy below the synchro-nous frequency.SSI phenomenon related to wind power plants is one of the most significant challenges to main-taining stability,while SSI phenomenon in practical wind farms,which has been observed recently,has not yet been described on the source of conventional SSI literature.This paper first explains the traditional development of SSI and its classification as given by the IEEE,and then it proposes a classification of SSI according to the current research status,reviews several mitigation techniques and challenges,and discusses analysis techniques for SSI.The paper also describes the effect of the active damping controllers,control scheme parameters,degree of series compensation,and various techniques used in wind power plants(WPPs).In particular,a supplementary damping controller with converter controllers in Doubly Fed Induction Generator based WPPs is briefly pronounced.This paper provides a real-istic viewpoint and a potential outlook for the readers to properly deal with SSI and its mitigation techniques,which can help power engineers for the planning,economical operation,and future expansion of sustainable development.

Radiation properties of the accretion disk around a black hole in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory

In this study,we explore the properties of a non-rotating black hole in the Einstein-Maxwell-scalar(EMS)theory and investigate the luminosity of the accretion disk surrounding it.We determine all the orbital parameters of particles in the accretion disk,including the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit(ISCO)with angular velocity,angular momentum,and energy.Further,we study the radiative efficiency for different values of black hole parameters.Finally,we analyze the flux,differential luminosity,and temperature of the accretion disk.

Thermal performance of domed roof in air-conditioned spaces

Due to their thermal performance,domed roofs are one of the passive solutions that affect energy consumption in buildings.The thermal performance of domed roofs has been investigated in many naturally ventilated spaces.However,few studies have discussed their performance in conditioned spaces.Therefore,this study introduces a computational comparison between domed and flat roofs to investigate their impact on thermal comfort inside a conditioned mosque.At an earlier stage,field measurements were carried out inside a Bahraini mosque to acquire its indoor air conditions during the summer period of 2021,in addition to validating the computational model.The findings of this study confirm that,under mechanical cooling conditions,the flat roof offers a lower indoor temperature than the domed roof by 0.4℃and 0.1℃for open and closed doors,respectively.Similarly,the air velocity is lower by approximately 0.01 m/s for both door modes.The overall PMV values of the flat roof are also lower by 0.07 and 0.01,while the PPD values are lower by 0.20,and 0.34 for open and closed doors,respectively.Based on these small differences,it can be concluded that the thermal performance of both roofing systems behaves equally in conditioned spaces.However,the air patterns are substantially different,the overall thermal performance is similar.This similarity drives building designers to rethink the thermal performance of the domed roofs in air-conditioned spaces with such a hot climate,regardless of their aesthetic and acoustical behaviour.

Dissolved gas analysis and dissipation factor measurement of mineral oil-based nanofluids under thermal and electrical faults

Mineral oil is the most frequent insulating liquid used in oil-immersed transformers for electrical insulation and heat dissipation.However,oil-based nanofluids are becoming more popular in scientific research as they have proved to have better dielectric and thermal characteristics.When applying these nanofluids into actual transformers,they would be exposed to thermal and electrical stresses.Thus,The aim of the authors is to investigate the generation pattern of dissolved gases in nanofluids under thermal and electrical faults and to assess the applicability of traditional Dissolved Gas Analysis(DGA)techniques if oil-based nanofluids are used in transformers.Oil-based nanofluid samples were prepared using a magnetic stirrer and an ultrasonic homogeniser and then subjected to simulated thermal and electrical faults in the laboratory using properly sealed test cells.Three types of metal oxides,Silicon dioxide,Titanium dioxide,and Aluminium oxide nanoparticles,have been used to prepare nanofluids with 0.02 g/L and 0.04 g/L concentrations.The gases released and dissolved into oil due to the simulated faults were analysed and compared to traditional mineral oil as a benchmark.The dielectric dissipation factor was obtained and analysed for all samples.According to the findings,the presence and concentration of nanoparticles were shown to influence the amount of gases produced.As a result,this research is crucial in guaranteeing that traditional DGA techniques can be employed in transformers that use oil-based nanofluids.