Computing Paradigms in Emerging Vehicular Environments:A Review

Determining how to structure vehicular network environments can be done in various ways.Here,we highlight vehicle networks’evolution from vehicular ad-hoc networks(VANET)to the internet of vehicles(Io Vs),listing their benefits and limitations.We also highlight the reasons in adopting wireless technologies,in particular,IEEE 802.11 p and 5 G vehicle-toeverything,as well as the use of paradigms able to store and analyze a vast amount of data to produce intelligence and their applications in vehicular environments.We also correlate the use of each of these paradigms with the desire to meet existing intelligent transportation systems’requirements.The presentation of each paradigm is given from a historical and logical standpoint.In particular,vehicular fog computing improves on the deficiences of vehicular cloud computing,so both are not exclusive from the application point of view.We also emphasize some security issues that are linked to the characteristics of these paradigms and vehicular networks,showing that they complement each other and share problems and limitations.As these networks still have many opportunities to grow in both concept and application,we finally discuss concepts and technologies that we believe are beneficial.Throughout this work,we emphasize the crucial role of these concepts for the well-being of humanity.

Polymer Inclusion Membranes as an Extraction Device for Isolation of Pharmaceuticals from Water Samples

PIMs(Polymer Inclusion Membranes)are popular in molecular transport in different solutions.Most often they are used in the transport and removal of ionic compounds,for example metal ions or organic ionic compounds.In this work,membranes were used as extraction devices for isolation of pharmaceuticals from water samples.PIMs were composed of CTA(Cellulose Triacetate)as polymeric matrix,2-NPOE(2-Nitrophenylo Octyl Ether)as plasticizer,and alkyl quaternary ammonium salt(Aliquat 336)was used as the carrier.The influence of the carrier and plasticizer presence on PIM’s extraction efficiency was described.This extraction deice was used for isolation of ibuprofen,ascorbic acid and paracetamol form water samples.The best retention percentage on polymer membranes was achieved between 80%-100%for three components membranes.The extraction ability of polymeric membranes was described and confirmed using HSP(Hansen Solubility Parameter)determined for each analyte and membrane components.Determination of these parameters allows describing the interaction between the analytes and membrane and concludes which membrane composition gives the best properties.All qualitative and quantitative analysis was done using HPLC(High Performance Liquid Chromatography).

Simplifying ADRC design with error-based framework: case study of a DC-DC buck power converter

In this work,the problem of designing a robust control algor ithm for a DC-DC buck power converter is investigated.The applied solution is based on a recenly proposed eror-based version of the active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)scheme,in which the unknown higher-order lerms of the reference signal are treated as additional components of the system"total disturbance".The motivation here is to provide a prac tical following of a reference voltage trajectory for the buck converler in specific cases where neither the analytical form of the desired signal nor its future values are known a priori,hence cannot be directly used for control synthesis.In this work.the application of the error-based ADRC results in a prac-tically appealing control technique,with compact struc ture.simplified control rule,and intwitive tuning(inherited from the conventional output-based ADRC scheme).Theoretical.numerical,and experimental results are shown to validate the efficacy of the error-based ADRC in buck converter control,followed by a discussion about the revealed theoretical and practical limitations of this approach.