Bat SARS-like coronavirus (SL-CoV) has a genome organization almost identical to that of SARS-CoV, but the N-terminus of the Spike (S) proteins, which interacts with host receptor and is a major target of neutralizing...Bat SARS-like coronavirus (SL-CoV) has a genome organization almost identical to that of SARS-CoV, but the N-terminus of the Spike (S) proteins, which interacts with host receptor and is a major target of neutralizing antibodies against CoVs, of the two viruses has only 63-64% sequence identity. Although there have been reports studying the overall immunogenicity of SSL , knowledge on the precise location of immunodominant determinants for SSL is still lacking. In this study, using a series of truncated expressed SSL fragments and SSL specific mouse sera, we identified two immunogenic determinants for SSL . Importantly, one of the two regions seems to be located in a region not shared by known immunogenic determinants of the SSARS . This finding will be of potential use in future monitoring of SL-CoV infection in bats and spillover animals and in development of more effective vaccine to cover broad protection against this new group of coronaviruses.展开更多
SARS-CoV-2 infections manifest with a broad spectrum of presentations,ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe pneumonia and fatal outcomes.This review centers on asymptomatic infections,a widely reported phenom...SARS-CoV-2 infections manifest with a broad spectrum of presentations,ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe pneumonia and fatal outcomes.This review centers on asymptomatic infections,a widely reported phenomenon that has substantially contributed to the rapid spread of the pandemic.In such asymptomatic infections,we focus on the role of innate,humoral,and cellular immunity.Notably,asymptomatic infections are characterized by an early and robust innate immune response,particularly a swift type 1 IFN reaction,alongside a rapid and broad induction of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells.Often,antibody levels tend to be lower or undetectable after asymptomatic infections,suggesting that the rapid control of viral replication by innate and cellular responses might impede the full triggering of humoral immunity.Even if antibody levels are present in the early convalescent phase,they wane rapidly below serological detection limits,particularly following asymptomatic infection.Consequently,prevalence studies reliant solely on serological assays likely underestimate the extent of community exposure to the virus.展开更多
Four years have swiftly passed since the identification of a novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia that signs the start of the COVID-19 pandemic[1].The world's social and economic landscape has largely re...Four years have swiftly passed since the identification of a novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia that signs the start of the COVID-19 pandemic[1].The world's social and economic landscape has largely reverted to its prepandemic state,and different issues unrelated to the pandemic are currently impacting various regions globally.The scientific community,which quickly modified its research focus during the initial years of the pandemic to generate a wealth of scientific data that helped in understanding and controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection,is also facing a new phase in the study of virus-host interactions.展开更多
Bats are natural reservoir hosts for many viruses that produce no clinical symptoms in bats.Therefore, bats may have evolved effective mechanisms to control viral replication. However, little information is available ...Bats are natural reservoir hosts for many viruses that produce no clinical symptoms in bats.Therefore, bats may have evolved effective mechanisms to control viral replication. However, little information is available on bat immune responses to viral infection. Type I interferon(IFN) plays a key role in controlling viral infections. In this study, we report the cloning, expression, and biological activity of interferon β(IFNβ) from the Chinese microbat species, Myotis davidii. We demonstrated the upregulation of IFNB and IFN-stimulated genes in a kidney cell line derived from M. davidii after treatment with poly I:C or infection with Sendai virus. Furthermore, the recombinant IFNβ inhibited vesicular stomatitis virus and bat adenovirus replication in cell lines from two bat species, M. davidii and Rhinolophus sinicus. We provide the first in vitro evidence of IFNβ antiviral activity in microbats, which has important implications for virus interactions with these hosts.展开更多
基金funded by the State Key Program for Basic Research Grant (2010CB530100,2011CB504700)special project for infectious diseases(2009ZX10004-109) from the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology
文摘Bat SARS-like coronavirus (SL-CoV) has a genome organization almost identical to that of SARS-CoV, but the N-terminus of the Spike (S) proteins, which interacts with host receptor and is a major target of neutralizing antibodies against CoVs, of the two viruses has only 63-64% sequence identity. Although there have been reports studying the overall immunogenicity of SSL , knowledge on the precise location of immunodominant determinants for SSL is still lacking. In this study, using a series of truncated expressed SSL fragments and SSL specific mouse sera, we identified two immunogenic determinants for SSL . Importantly, one of the two regions seems to be located in a region not shared by known immunogenic determinants of the SSARS . This finding will be of potential use in future monitoring of SL-CoV infection in bats and spillover animals and in development of more effective vaccine to cover broad protection against this new group of coronaviruses.
文摘SARS-CoV-2 infections manifest with a broad spectrum of presentations,ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe pneumonia and fatal outcomes.This review centers on asymptomatic infections,a widely reported phenomenon that has substantially contributed to the rapid spread of the pandemic.In such asymptomatic infections,we focus on the role of innate,humoral,and cellular immunity.Notably,asymptomatic infections are characterized by an early and robust innate immune response,particularly a swift type 1 IFN reaction,alongside a rapid and broad induction of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells.Often,antibody levels tend to be lower or undetectable after asymptomatic infections,suggesting that the rapid control of viral replication by innate and cellular responses might impede the full triggering of humoral immunity.Even if antibody levels are present in the early convalescent phase,they wane rapidly below serological detection limits,particularly following asymptomatic infection.Consequently,prevalence studies reliant solely on serological assays likely underestimate the extent of community exposure to the virus.
文摘Four years have swiftly passed since the identification of a novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia that signs the start of the COVID-19 pandemic[1].The world's social and economic landscape has largely reverted to its prepandemic state,and different issues unrelated to the pandemic are currently impacting various regions globally.The scientific community,which quickly modified its research focus during the initial years of the pandemic to generate a wealth of scientific data that helped in understanding and controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection,is also facing a new phase in the study of virus-host interactions.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31321001)
文摘Bats are natural reservoir hosts for many viruses that produce no clinical symptoms in bats.Therefore, bats may have evolved effective mechanisms to control viral replication. However, little information is available on bat immune responses to viral infection. Type I interferon(IFN) plays a key role in controlling viral infections. In this study, we report the cloning, expression, and biological activity of interferon β(IFNβ) from the Chinese microbat species, Myotis davidii. We demonstrated the upregulation of IFNB and IFN-stimulated genes in a kidney cell line derived from M. davidii after treatment with poly I:C or infection with Sendai virus. Furthermore, the recombinant IFNβ inhibited vesicular stomatitis virus and bat adenovirus replication in cell lines from two bat species, M. davidii and Rhinolophus sinicus. We provide the first in vitro evidence of IFNβ antiviral activity in microbats, which has important implications for virus interactions with these hosts.
