LINEAR SINGULAR INTEGRAL EQUATION ON DOMAINS COMPOSED BY BALLS

For domains composed by balls in C^n, this paper studies the boundary behaviour of Cauchy type integrals with discrete holomorphic kernels and the corresponding linear singular integral equation on each piece of smooth lower dimensional edges on the boundary of the domain.

Impact of preoperative carbohydrate loading on gastric volume in patients with type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND Enhanced recovery after surgery advocates that consuming carbohydrates two hours before anesthesia is beneficial to the patient’s recovery.Patients with diabetes are prone to delayed gastric emptying.Different guidelines for preoperative carbohydrate consumption in patients with diabetes remain controversial due to concerns about the risk of regurgitation,aspiration and hyperglycemia.Ultrasonic gastric volume(GV)assessment and blood glucose monitoring can comprehensively evaluate the safety and feasibility of preoperative carbohydrate intake in type 2 diabetes(T2 D)patients.AIM To evaluate the impact of preoperative carbohydrate loading on GV before anesthesia induction in T2 D patients.METHODS Patients with T2 D receiving surgery under general anesthesia from December 2019 to December 2020 were included.A total of 78 patients were randomly allocated to 4 groups receiving 0,100,200,or 300 m L of carbohydrate loading 2 h before anesthesia induction.Gastric volume per unit weight(GV/W),Perlas grade,changes in blood glucose level,and risk of reflux and aspiration were evaluated before anesthesia induction.RESULTS No significant difference was found in GV/W among the groups before anesthesia induction(P>0.05).The number of patients with Perlas grade II and GV/W>1.5 m L/kg did not differ among the groups(P>0.05).Blood glucose level increased by>2 mmol/L in patients receiving 300 m L carbohydrate drink,which was significantly higher than that in groups 1 and 2(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Preoperative carbohydrate loading<300 m L 2 h before induction of anesthesia in patients with T2 D did not affect GV or increase the risk of reflux and aspiration.Blood glucose levels did not change significantly with preoperative carbohydrate loading of<200 m L.However,300 m L carbohydrate loading may increase blood glucose levels in patients with T2 D before induction of anesthesia.

Association of Overlapped and Un-overlapped Comorbidities with COVID-19 Severity and Treatment Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Nine Provinces in China

Objective Several COVID-19 patients have overlapping comorbidities. The independent role of each component contributing to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown, and how some non-cardiometabolic comorbidities affect the risk of COVID-19 remains unclear.Methods A retrospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 1,160 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled from nine provinces in China. Data on comorbidities were obtained from the patients’ medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence interval(95% CI) of the associations between comorbidities(cardiometabolic or non-cardiometabolic diseases), clinical severity, and treatment outcomes of COVID-19.Results Overall, 158(13.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe illness and 32(2.7%) had unfavorable outcomes. Hypertension(2.87, 1.30–6.32), type 2 diabetes(T2 DM)(3.57, 2.32–5.49),cardiovascular disease(CVD)(3.78, 1.81–7.89), fatty liver disease(7.53, 1.96–28.96), hyperlipidemia(2.15, 1.26–3.67), other lung diseases(6.00, 3.01–11.96), and electrolyte imbalance(10.40, 3.00–26.10)were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. T2 DM(6.07, 2.89–12.75), CVD(8.47,6.03–11.89), and electrolyte imbalance(19.44, 11.47–32.96) were also strong predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease on admission(5.46,3.25–9.19), while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes(6.58, 1.46–29.64) within two weeks.Conclusion Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease, while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes.

Comparison of Aspirin and Naoxintong Capsule(脑心通胶囊)with Adjusted-Dose Warfarin in Elderly Patients with High-Risk of Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation and Genetic Variants of Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase

Objective： To compared the therapeutic effect of a Chinese patent medicine Naoxintong Capsule（脑心通胶囊, NXT） and aspirin with adjusted-dose warfarin in Chinese elderly patients（over 65 years） with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation（NVAF） and genetic variants of vitamin K epoxide reductase（VKORC1）, who are at high-risk of thromboembolism. Methods： A total of 151 patients, with NVAF and AA genotype of VKORC1-1639（a sensitive genotype to warfarin） and a CHA2 DS2-VASc clinical risk score of 2 or above, were chosen for this study. Patients were randomized into two groups and orally treated with a combination of aspirin（100 mg/day） and NXT（1.6 g thrice a day） or adjusted-dose warfarin [international normalized ratio 2.0–3.0）. The primary end points including ischemic stroke and death as well as the secondary end points including hemorrhage events were followed up for at least 1 year. Results： Baseline clinical data and the rates of primary end points were similar between groups. However, the rate of serious bleeding（secondary event） in the combination therapy group was lower than that in the adjusted-dose warfarin group（0% vs. 7.9%, odds ratio： 0.921, 95% confidence interval： 0.862–0.984, P=0.028）. Conclusions： Aspirin combined with NXT and warfarin displayed comparable rates of primary end point including ischemic stroke and all-cause death during the 1-year follow-up. However, as compared with warfarin, the combination therapy reduced the rate of serious bleeding. Therefore, aspirin combined with NXT might provide an alternative pharmacotherapy in preventing ischemic stroke for elderly patients with NAVF who cannot tolerate warfarin.（No. ChiC TR-TRC-13003596）

Advantages of a Novel Model for Predicting Hepatic Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Carriers Compared with APRI and FIB-4 Scores

Background and Aims:Aspartate aminotransferase-toplatelet ratio index(APRI)and fibrosis-4 index(FIB-4)are widely used to assess liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.Currently,the definition of normal alanine aminotransferase(ALT)is controversial.We aimed to examine the diagnostic value of APRI and FIB-4 in chronic HBV carriers with different upper limits of normal(ULNs)for ALT.Methods:581 chronic HBV carriers were divided into the following four groups based on different ULNs for ALT:chronic HBV carriers I,II,III,and IV.Furthermore,106 chronic HBV carriers formed an external validation group.Predictive values of APRI and FIB-4 were elucidated using the area under the curve(AUC).A liver fibrosis-predictive model-GPSA(named for its measure of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase,platelet count,HBsAg and albumin)was developed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:In chronic HBV carriers I,the AUCs of APRI and FIB-4 were 0.680 and 0.609 for significant fibrosis and 0.678 and 0.661 for cirrhosis,respectively.The AUCs of GPSA for significant fibrosis in the training group,internal group,and external validation group were 0.877,0.837,and 0.871,respectively.The diagnostic value of GPSA differed among chronic HBV carriers I,II,III,and IV,with AUCs for significant fibrosis being 0.857,0.853,0.868,and 0.905 and AUCs for cirrhosis being 0.901,0.905,0.886,and 0.913,respectively.GPSA showed a higher diagnostic value than APRI and FIB-4 for predicting significant fibrosis in the four groups.Conclusions:The GPSA model allows for accurate diagnosis of liver fibrosis in chronic HBV carriers with different ULN for ALT.

Grey Connection Analysis on Countryside Society & Economy Sustainable Development Based-on Per Capita Net Income of Peasants

In this paper, the authors research sustainable development of countryside′s society economy in Fujian Province of China by Grey connection analysis. The authors also discuss the effect of society and resource & ecology environment on per capita net income of peasants, and research the mechanism of sustainable development of countryside′s society economy, and raise some countermeasure and measure.