Pachymic acid exerts antitumor activities by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via targeting PTP1B

Objective:To determine the inhibitory effects of pachymic acid on lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism.Methods:CCK-8,wound healing,Transwell,Western blot,tube formation,and immunofluorescence assays were carried out to measure the effects of various concentrations of pachymic acid on LUAD cell proliferation,metastasis,angiogenesis as well as autophagy.Subsequently,molecular docking technology was used to detect the potential targeted binding association between pachymic acid and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B).Moreover,PTP1B was overexpressed in A549 cells to detect the specific mechanisms of pachymic acid.Results:Pachymic acid suppressed LUAD cell viability,metastasis as well as angiogenesis while inducing cell autophagy.It also targeted PTP1B and lowered PTP1B expression.However,PTP1B overexpression reversed the effects of pachymic acid on metastasis,angiogenesis,and autophagy as well as the expression of Wnt3a andβ-catenin in LUAD cells.Conclusions:Pachymic acid inhibits metastasis and angiogenesis,and promotes autophagy in LUAD cells by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via targeting PTP1B.

Penetrating canaloplasty in corticosteroid-induced glaucoma:a report of two cases

Dear Editor,We have treated two patients of glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma with penetrating canaloplasty(PCP)since 2021.PCP is a new type internal drainage surgery for glaucoma,which is a bleb-independent filtering surgery combined canaloplasty with trabeculectomy,and the surgery shows a great efficacy of intraocular pressure(IOP)reduction with no surgical complication.PCP surgery started with a fornix-based conjunctival flap and double scleral flap,and Schlemm’s canal was opened,a 10-0 prolene suture was positioned and tensioned within Schlemm’s canal,trabucular meshwork segment was excised and peripheral iridectomy was performed,the scleral flap and the conjunctival flap were closed watertight with 10-0 prolene sutures.

Effect of a systemic intervention combined with a psychological intervention in stroke patients with oropharyngeal dysfunction

BACKGROUND Stroke frequently results in oropharyngeal dysfunction(OD),leading to difficulties in swallowing and eating,as well as triggering negative emotions,malnutrition,and aspiration pneumonia,which can be detrimental to patients.However,routine nursing interventions often fail to address these issues adequately.Systemic and psychological interventions can improve dysphagia symptoms,relieve negative emotions,and improve quality of life.However,there are few clinical reports of systemic interventions combined with psychological interventions for stroke patients with OD.AIM To explore the effects of combining systemic and psychological interventions in stroke patients with OD.METHODS This retrospective study included 90 stroke patients with OD,admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College(January 2022–December 2023),who were divided into two groups:regular and coalition.Swallowing function grading(using a water swallow test),swallowing function[using the standardized swallowing assessment(SSA)],negative emotions[using the selfrating anxiety scale(SAS)and self-rating depression scale(SDS)],and quality of life(SWAL-QOL)were compared between groups before and after the intervention;aspiration pneumonia incidence was recorded.RESULTS Post-intervention,the coalition group had a greater number of patients with grade 1 swallowing function compared to the regular group,while the number of patients with grade 5 swallowing function was lower than that in the regular group(P<0.05).Post-intervention,the SSA,SAS,and SDS scores of both groups decreased,with a more significant decrease observed in the coalition group(P<0.05).Additionally,the total SWAL-QOL score in both groups increased,with a more significant increase observed in the coalition group(P<0.05).During the intervention period,the total incidence of aspiration and aspiration pneumonia in the coalition group was lower than that in the control group(4.44%vs 20.00%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION Systemic intervention combined with psychological intervention can improve dysphagia symptoms,alleviate negative emotions,enhance quality of life,and reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in patients with OD.

Impact of extended nursing model after multi-disciplinary treatment on young patient with post-stroke

BACKGROUND Stroke has become one of the most serious life-threatening diseases due to its high morbidity,disability,recurrence and mortality rates.AIM To explore the intervention effect of multi-disciplinary treatment(MDT)extended nursing model on negative emotions and quality of life of young patients with post-stroke.METHODS A total of 60 young stroke patients who were hospitalized in the neurology department of our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group,with 30 patients in each group.The control group used the conventional care model and the experimental group used the MDT extended nursing model.After the inhospital and 3-mo post-discharge interventions,the differences in negative emotions and quality of life scores between the two groups were evaluated and analyzed at the time of admission,at the time of discharge and after discharge,respectively.RESULTS There are no statistically significant differences in the negative emotions scores between the two groups at admission,while there are statistically significant differences in the negative emotions scores within each group at admission and discharge,at discharge and post-discharge,and at discharge and post-discharge.In addition,the negative emotions scores were all statistically significant at discharge and after discharge when compared between the two groups.There was no statistically significant difference in quality of life scores at the time of admission between the two groups,and the difference between quality of life scores at the time of admission and discharge,at the time of discharge and post-discharge,and at the time of admission and post-discharge for each group of patients was statistically significant.CONCLUSION The MDT extended nursing mode can improve the negative emotion of patients and improve their quality of life.Therefore,it can be applied in future clinical practice and is worthy of promotion.

Liver fibrosis evaluation by ARFI and APRI in chronic hepatitis C

AIM:To explore the value of liver fibrosis assessment by acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI)and the AST/PLT ratio index(APRI)in chronic hepatitis C patients.METHODS:One hundred and twenty eight patients with chronic hepatitis C were examined using ARFI elastometry and APRI,calculated according to known formulae.The gold standard of liver biopsy was referred;ROC curve analysis was used to assess all ARFI and APRI values.The corresponding cut-off values,sensitivities,and specificities were calculated and compared.In addition,the correlation of liver fibrosis stages in chronic hepatitis C patients with ARFI measurements and APRI were also tested to evaluate significant data.RESULTS:The values of ARFI in S1-S4 were 1.23±0.34 m/s,1.48±0.43 m/s,2.06±0.45 m/s,and 2.30±0.87 m/s.The values of APRI in S1-S4 were 0.31±0.45 m/s,0.28±0.38 m/s,0.58±0.59 m/s and0.65±0.34 m/s.ARFI(r=0.649,P<0.05)showed a better correlation with liver fibrosis stages in chronic hepatitis C than APRI(r=0.478,P<0.05).The areas under the ROC curves for ARFI and APRI were 0.775and 0.721 for stages≥S2,0.901 and 0.787 for stages≥S3,and 0.792 and 0.780 for S=4,respectively.CONCLUSION:Both ARFI and APRI could evaluate liver fibrosis stages in chronic hepatitis C.ARFI is more accurate than the APRI index.

Effect of nursing intervention based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs in patients with coronary heart disease interventional surgery

BACKGROUND It is very important to provide effective nursing programs to regulate the physical and mental state of patients and to improve treatment compliance after interventional surgery for coronary heart disease(CHD).AIM To explore the effect of a nursing intervention based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory on patients with CHD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.METHODS Ninety-four patients with CHD undergoing interventional surgery in our hospital from January 2020 to February 2021 were randomly divided into a research group(n=47)and a control group(n=47).The control group received routine nursing,and the research group received a nursing intervention based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory.The scores of self-efficacy,negative emotion[depression(SDS),anxiety(SAS)],intervention compliance(standardized medication,moderate exercise,healthy diet,and regular review),and nursing satisfaction were calculated before and after intervention for the two groups.RESULTS Before intervention,there was no significant difference in the scores of disease general management self-efficacy,disease management self-efficacy,and total self-efficacy between the two groups(P=0.795,0.479,and 0.659,respectively).After intervention,these three scores in the research group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.001).Before intervention,there was no significant difference in the scores of SAS and SDS between the two groups(P=0.149 and 0.347,respectively).After intervention,the scores of SAS and SDS in the research group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.001).The standardized drug use rate(97.87%),moderate exercise rate(97.87%),healthy diet rate(95.74%),and regular reexamination rate(97.87%)in the research group were higher than those in the control group(85.11%,82.98%,80.85%,and 87.23%,respectively)(P=0.027,0.014,0.025,and 0.049,respectively).Nursing job satisfaction in the research group(93.62%)was higher than that in the control group(78.72%)(P=0.036).CONCLUSION A nursing program based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory can effectively alleviate negative emotion,enhance self-efficacy and intervention compliance,and ensure that the patients are highly satisfied with the nursing work.

Relationship between different surgical methods,hemorrhage position,hemorrhage volume,surgical timing,and treatment outcome of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage

BACKGROUND:The present study aimed to explore the relationship between surgical methods,hemorrhage position,hemorrhage volume,surgical timing and treatment outcome of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH).METHODS:A total of 1 310 patients,who had been admitted to six hospitals from January 2004 to January 2008,were divided into six groups according to different surgical methods:craniotomy through bone fl ap(group A),craniotomy through a small bone window(group B),stereotactic drilling drainage(group C1 and group C2),neuron-endoscopy operation(group D) and external ventricular drainage(group E) in consideration of hemorrhage position,hemorrhage volume and clinical practice. A retrospective analysis was made of surgical timing and curative effect of the surgical methods.RESULTS:The effectiveness rate of the methods was 74.12% for 1 310 patients after onemonth follow-up. In this series,the disability rate was 44.82% 3–6 months after the operation. Among the 1 310 patients,241(18.40%) patients died after the operation. If hematoma volume was >80 mL and the operation was performed within 3 hours,the mortality rate of group A was signifi cantly lower than that of groups B,C,D,and E(P<0.05). If hematoma volume was 50–80 mL and the operation was performed within 6–12 hours,the mortality rate of groups B and D was lower than that of groups A,C and E(P<0.05). If hematoma volume was 20–50 mL and the operation was performed within 6–24 hours,the mortality rate of group C was lower than that of groups A,B and D(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Craniotomy through a bone f lap is suitable for patients with a large hematoma and hernia of the brain. Stereotactic drilling drainage is suggested for patients with hematoma volume less than 80 mL. The curative effect of HICH individualized treatment would be improved via the suitable selection of operation time and surgical method according to the position and volume of hemorrhage.

ENHANCED EXPRESSION OF hALP GENE CONFERS CELLULAR RESISTANCE TO H_2O_2 INDUCED SENESCENCE

Objective To investigate the H_ 2O_ 2-induced expression of human histone acetyltransferase-like protein (hALP), a telomerase regulation-associated gene, and its effects on the stress-triggered cellular senescence.Methods The induced expression of hALP was measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescent histochemistry after treatment of HeLa cells by H_ 2O_ 2.The effects of hALP expression on cellular responses to H_ 2O_ 2 were analyzed by MTT, flowcytometry, and SA-β-gal staining, respectively.Results hALP mRNA could be dose-dependently induced by treatments of 0.2-1.6 mmol/L H_ 2O_ 2, and the induction could be observed after 6 hours and kept for 36 hours in the presence of 0.4 mmol/L H_ 2O_ 2.Meanwhile, the immunofluorescent staining showed marked stronger nuclear intensity of hALP protein in H_ 2O_ 2-treated HeLa cells.In the treatment of H_ 2O_ 2, the ectopic expression of hALP enhanced continuous growth and overcame G_ 2/M arrest as well as decreased senescence-associated β-gal staining.On the contrary, the transfected clones with antisense or blank vector and original HeLa cells presented growth suppression, G_ 2/M delay and higher percentage of SA-β-gal activities in the presence of H_ 2 O_ 2.Conclusions The expression of hALP could be up-regulated by treatment of H_ 2O_ 2, and elevated expression could enhance cellular resistance to H_ 2O_ 2-induced cellular senescence.The data might be of references to elucidation of basic biological function of hALP gene and its associated telomerase activity.

Effect of spironolactone on cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND:Few studies have reported the effect of aldosterone receptor antagonist(ARA) on myocardial remodeling after acute myocardial infarction(AMI).This study was undertaken to investigate the preventive effect of ARA on myocardial remodeling after AMI.METHODS:A total of 616 patients who had been admitted into the CCU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2008 to January 2010 were studied prospectively.Only 528 patients were observed completely,including 266 of the control group and 262 of the treatment group.There was no statistical difference in age,gender,medical history,admission situation,and treatment between the two groups(P>0.05).The preventive effects of spironolactone on cardiac remodeling,left ventricular function,renal function and blood levels of potassium were evaluated by echocardiography,serum potassium and serum creatinine at one-month and one-year follow-up.RESULTS:The echocardiography indicators such as LVESD,LVEDD,LVEF,LAD-ML and LADSI were significantly improved in the treatment group compared with the control group at one year(P<0.05).In the treatment group,LVESD,LVEDD,LVPWT,LVEF,LAD-ML and LAD-SI were more significantly improved at one year than one month(P<0.05,P=0.007 to LVEF),and in the control group LVEF was more significantly improved at one year than one month(P=0.0277).There were no significant differences in serum potassium and serum creatinine levels between the two groups.CONCLUSION:On the basis of conventional treatment,the early combination of low-dose spironolactone(20 mg/d) could inhibit cardiac remodeling at late stage and prevent heart fadure.

Retrospective Analysis of Diagnosis by Intraoperative Frozen Section and Routine Paraffin Embedded Tissue in 638 Thyroid Disease Patients

OBJECTIVE To summarize a common pathogenetic condition,the pathologic characteristics shown in frozen section and ourexperience utilizing 2 different diagnostic methods in cases ofcommon thyroid diseases (TD).METHODS Data from 638 cases with frozen sections fromthyroid tissue were retrospectively analyzed.The intraoperativefrozen sections of the patients and postoperative diagnostic resultsof routine paraffin sections were compared.RESULTS In the 683 patients,the gender ratio of females tomales was 2.64:1,and the ratio between the patients with nodulargoiter (NG) and the patients with thyroid adenoma was 1.5:1.Theoldest age group of patients with thyroid cancer (TC) ranged from40 to 49 years.Frozen section pathologic examination has beenemployed more and more in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases,and the detection rate of TC has increased year by year,i.e.,therate increased to 6.45%,7.58%,14.55% and 16.57%,respectively,in2005,2006,2007 and 2008.Thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC) wasthe most commonly seen malignant tumor of the thyroid (MTT),which accounted for approximately 94.8% of MTTs and 11.44%of the total TDs.Micropapillary carcinoma accounted for 27.4%of TPC,and multifocal carcinomas accounted for 15.58% of TCs.Many of the TCs (19.48%) were complicated by benign diseasessuch as adenoma,NG and thyroiditis.The coincidence rate ofdiagnoses made by frozen section and paraffin embedding forthyroid disease was 98.59%.Calcification was rather common inNG and TPC,and there were significant differences in psammomabodies (PMB) between the calcifications of TPC and NG (P<0.01).CONCLUSION TPC ranks first in the incidence of MTTsand accounts for 94.8% of all MTTs.About 1/4 of TPCs aremicropapillary carcinoma,while 1/5 are accompanied by benigndisease,such as adenoma,NG and thyroiditis.PMB are ofimportance and of significance in the diagnosis of TPC.

Purification of four strains of endophytic fungi from Astragalus and their optimized liquid fermentations

This study was designed to isolate endophytic fungi from A. mongholicus （growing in northeast China） to determine whether they can produce bioactive metabolites. Four strains of endophytic fungi （strains 16, 17, 23 and 75） were successfully isolated from A. mongholicus using the surface disinfection method. According to ITS-rDNA sequences analysis, strains 16 and 75 were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, and strains 17 and 23 were identified as Bionectria ochroleuca. We applied the Box-Behnken design （BBD） to optimize the liquid fermentation conditions and obtain the maximum cell dry weight （CDW） yield. Opti-mal parameters were obtained under the following experimental condi-tions：temperature of 28＆#176;C, potato dextrose agar （PDA） liquid medium of 80 mL and rotation speed of 150 rpm. The four isolated endophytic fungi did not produce astragalosides I-IV, flavonoids or polysaccharides. Iso-lation of additional species of endophytic fungi from A. mongholicus and determination of their capacity to produce biologically active substances are subjects in need of further research.

Investigation of Borrelia spp.in ticks(Acari:Ixodidae) at the border crossings between China and Russia in Heilongjiang Province,China

Objective:To investigate the precise species of tick vector and the Borrelia spirochete pathogen at the Heilongjiang Province international border with Russia.Methods:In dus study,ticks were collected from 12 Heilongjiang border crossings(including grasslands,shrublands,forests,and plantantions) to determine the rate and species type of spirochete-infected ticks and the most prevalent spirochete genotypes.Results:The ticks represented three genera and four species of the Ixodidae family[Ixodes persidcatus,Dermacentor silvarum,Haemapkysalis concinna and Haemaphysalis japonica].Ixodes persulcatus had the highest amount of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lata infection of 25.6%and the most common species of Borrelia isolated from Ixodes persulcatus mas Borrelia garinii,strain PD91.Conclusions:Our results suggest that Borrelia garinii PD91- infected Ixodes persulcatus may be the principal cause of Lyme disease in the border crossing areas of Heilongjiang Province.

Mitochondrial energy metabolism changes during aging-mouse cranial nerve cells treated with various doses and forms of Fructus schizandrae

BACKGROUND： During the cellular aging process, the number of mitochondria, generation of adenosine triphosphate （ATP）, activity of respiratory chain enzyme complex 1 and 4, and oxidation decrease. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of aqueous and spirituous extract, as well as polysaccharides from Fructus schizandrae （Magnolia Vine） on energy metabolism and mitochondrial anti-oxidation in cranial nerve cells of a D-gal-induced aging mouse model. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal study. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Qiqihar Medical College between March and July 2006. MATERIALS： Fifty healthy, Kunming mice of both sexes, aged 2 3 months old and weighing 18 22 g, were used for the present study. Fructus schizandrae was purchased from the Medical College of Jiamusi University. Aqueous extracts, spirituous extracts, and polysaccharides from Fructus schizandrae were prepared. D-galactose （D-gal） is a product of the Second Reagent Factory, Shanghai City, China. Mn-superoxide dismutase （Mn-SOD） kit, malonaldehyde （MDA） kit, protein quantification kit, and inorganic phosphorus testing kit were purchased from Jian Cheng Bioeng. Co., China. METHODS： Fifty mice were randomly divided into five groups, with 10 mice in each group： young control, aging model, aqueous Fructus schizandrae extract, spirituous Fructus schizandrae extract, and Fructus schizandrae polysaccharides. Over a course of 30 days, mice in aging model, aqueous Fructus schizandrae extract, spirituous Fructus schizandrae extract, and Fructus schizandrae polysaccharides groups were injected subcutaneously with D-gal （100 mg/kg） into the nape of the neck daily, and administered intragastrically with an equal volume of sterile, warm water （aging model）, aqueous Fructus schizandrae extract （2 g/kg）, spirituous Fructus schizandrae extract （2 g/kg）, or Fructus schizandrae polysaccharides （0.2 g/kg）, respectively. Mice in the young control group were injected into the nape of the neck with physiological saline and administered intragastrically with sterile, warm water. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Respiratory chain complex I and H^＋-ATP enzyme activities, as well as Mn-SOD and MDA levels, were determined by the Coomassie brilliant blue method. RESULTS： All fifty mice were included in the final analysis. In mitochondria fiom cranial nerve cells of the aging mouse group MDA levels were significantly increased, compared with young control group （P 〈 0.01）; however, Mn-SOD levels, as well as respiratory chain complex I and H＋-ATP enzyme activity, were remarkably decreased （P 〈 0.01 ）. In each Fructus schizandrae group, Mn-SOD levels, as well as respiratory chain complex I and H＋-ATP enzyme activity was enhanced to various extents （P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01）, and MDA levels were decreased （P 〈 0.01）, compared with the aging model group. CONCLUSION： Aqueous and spirituous Fructus schizandrae extracts, as well as Fructus schizandrae polysaccharides delayed changes in mitochondrial energy metabolism, increased Mn-SOD levels, and decreased MDA levels in cranial nerve cell mitochondria of an aging mouse model. Fructus schizandrae polysaccharides were particularly capable of protecting mitochondria from oxidative injury.

Comparison of detection results of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy at different degrees in infant patients between brain electrical activity mapping, transcranial Doppler sonography and computer tomography examinations

BACKGROUND： It has been proved that brain electrical activity mapping （BEAM） and transcranial Doppler （TCD） detection can reflect the function of brain cell and its diseased degree of infant patients with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy （HIE）. OBJECTIVE： To observe the abnormal results of HIE at different degrees detected with BEAM and TCD in infant patients, and compare the detection results at the same time point between BEAM, TCD and computer tomography （CT） examinations. DESIGN ： Contrast observation SETTING： Departments of Neuro-electrophysiology and Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College. PARTICIPANTS： Totally 416 infant patients with HIE who received treatment in the Department of Newborn Infants, Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College during January 2001 and December 2005. The infant patients, 278 male and 138 female, were at embryonic 37 to 42 weeks and weighing 2.0 to 4.1 kg, and they were diagnosed with CT and met the diagnostic criteria of HIE of newborn infants compiled by Department of Neonatology, Pediatric Academy, Chinese Medical Association. According to diagnostic criteria, 130 patients were mild abnormal, 196 moderate abnormal and 90 severe abnormal. The relatives of all the infant patients were informed of the experiment. METHOOS： BEAM and TCD examinations were performed in the involved 416 infant patients with HIE at different degrees with DYD2000 16-channel BEAM instrument and EME-2000 ultrasonograph before preliminary diagnosis treatment （within 1 month after birth） and 1,3,6,12 and 24 months after birth, and detected results were compared between BEAM, TCD and CT examinations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Comparison of detection results of HIE at different time points in infant patients between BEAM. TCD and CT examinations. RESULTS： All the 416 infant patients with HIE participated in the result analysis. （1） Comparison of the detected results in infant patients with mild HIE at different time points after birth between BEAM, TCD and CT examinations： BEAM examination showed that the recovery was delayed, and the abnormal rate of BEAM examination was significantly higher than that of CT examination 1 and 3 months after birth [55.4%（72/130）vs. 17.0% （22/130 ）,x^2=41.66 ;29.2% （ 38/130 ） vs. 6.2% （ 8/130 ）, x^2=23.77, P 〈 0.01 ], exceptional patients had mild abnormality and reached the normal level in about 6 months. TCD examination showed that the disease condition significantly improved and infant patients with HIE basically recovered 1 or 2 months after birth, while CT examination showed that infant patients recovered 3 or 4 months after birth. （2） Comparison of detection results of infant patients with moderate HIE at different time points between BEAM, TCD and CT examinations： The abnormal rate of BEAM examination was significantly higher than that of CT examination 1,3,6 and 12 months after birth [90.8% （178/196）,78.6% （154/196）,x^2=4.32,P 〈 0.05;64.3% （126/196）,43.9% （86/196） ,x^2=16.44 ;44.9% （88/196） ,22.4% （44/196）,x^2=22.11 ;21.4% （42/196）, 10.2% （20/196）,x^2=9.27, P 〈 0.01]. BEAM examination showed that there was still one patient who did not completely recovered in the 24^th month due to the relatives of infant patients did not combine the treatment,. TCD examination showed that the abnormal rate was 23.1%（30/196）in the 1^st month after birth, and all the patients recovered to the normal in the 3^rd month after birth, while CT examination showed that mild abnormality still existed in the 24^th month after birth （1.0% ,2/196）. （3） Comparison of detection results of infant patients with severe HIE at different time points between BEAM, TCD and CT examinations： The abnormal rate of BEAM examination was significantly higher than that of CT examination in the 1^st, 3^rd, 6^th and 12^th months after birth[86.7% （78/90）,44.4% （40/90）,x^2=35.53;62.2% （56/90）,31.1% （28/90）,x^2=17.51 ;37.8% （34/90）,6.7% （6/90）, x^2=27.14, P 〈 0.01]. BEAM examination showed that mild abnormality still existed in 4 infant patients in the 24^th month after birth. TCD examination showed that the abnormal rate was 11.1% （10/90） in the 3^rd month after birth, and all the infant patients recovered in the 6^th month after birth. CT examination showed that the abnormal rate was 6.7%（6/90） in the 12^th month after birth, and all of infant patients recovered to the normal in the 24^th month after birth.CONCLUSION ： BEAM is the direct index to detect brain function of infant patients with HIE, and positive reaction is still very sensitive in the tracking detection of convalescent period. The positive rate of morphological reaction in CT examination is superior to that in TCD examination, and the positive rate is very high in the acute period of HIE in examination.

Biomechanopharmacology in Evaluation of Herbs of Activating Blood Circulation to Remove Blood Stasis

Herbs of activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis (ABCRBS) are a category of over 10% in the modern Chinese Pharmacopoeia. A new borderline discipline, biomechanopharmacology, is shaping by the efforts of applying biomechanics in pharmacological studies of ABCRBS herbs. Biomechanics is involved in modeling of blood stasis syndrome (BSS) with mechanical force induced injury and model evaluation by shear stress monitoring for blood coagulation. Investigations showed that tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) contained in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort and diallyl trisulfide (DT) extracted from garlic demonstrated inhibiting characteristics on vWF mediated platelet activation and thrombus formation occurring under high shear rates. The effect of TMP on shear-induced platelet aggregation might be due to inhibition of calcium channel activity since it showed significant inhibition on intracellular level of calcium demonstrated by laser confocal microscope. The combined effects of TMP and shear stress on rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cell (rCMEC) were investigated by various doses of TMP incorporated with different levels of shear stress generated by a rotational cone-plate rheometer. The results indicated that apoptosis of rCMECs could be restrained by a combination of medial level of shear stress with a suitable dose of TMP. To study the influences of shear stress, pressure and TMP on angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cell, cultured rCMEC was pretreated in a flow chamber with independent adjustment for levels of shear stress and pressure, and then 3D cultured on Matrigel. The results indicate that combined effects of shear stress, pressure and TMP may influence angiogenesis significantly. We believe that research on interactions among blood shear stress, secretion of endothelial cell, and pharmacodynamics will be an interesting area of biomechanopharmacology. Herbs of ABCRBS and their extracts for protecting endothelial cells to maintain their normal functions are expected.

Study on the treatment of dysphagia after stroke with electromyographic biofeedback intensive training

BACKGROUND Dysphagia,or swallowing disorder,is a common complication following stroke,significantly impacting patients'quality of life.Electromyographic biofeedback(EMGBF)therapy has emerged as a potential rehabilitation technique to improve swallowing function,but its efficacy in comparison with conventional treatments remains to be further explored.AIM To investigate the effects of different treatment intensities of EMGBF on swallowing function and motor speed after stroke.METHODS The participants were divided into three groups,all of which received routine neurological drug therapy and motor function rehabilitation training.On the basis of routine swallowing disorder training,the EMGBF group received additional EMGBF training,while the enhanced EMGBF group received two additional training sessions.Four weeks before and after treatment,the degree of swallowing disorder was evaluated using the degree of swallowing disorder score(VGF)and the Rosenbek penetration-aspiration scale(PAS).RESULTS Initially,there was no significant difference in VGF and PAS scores among the groups(P>0.05).After four weeks,all groups showed significant improvement in both VGF scores and PAS scores.Furthermore,the standardized swallowing assessment and videofluoroscopic dysphagia scale scores also improved significantly post-treatment,indicating enhanced swallowing function and motor function of the hyoid-bone laryngeal complex,particularly in the intensive EMGBF group.CONCLUSION EMGBF training is more effective than traditional swallowing training in improving swallowing function and the movement rate of the hyoid laryngeal complex in patients with post-stroke dysphagia.

Effects of keto acid supplements on Chinese patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis:a prospective,randomized,controlled,single-center clinical study

Background:The effects of keto acid(KA)supplements on Chinese patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)are unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of KA supplementation on nutritional status,inflammatory markers,and bioelectric impedance analysis(BIA)parameters in a cohort of Chinese patients with MHD without malnutrition.Methods:This was a prospective,randomized,controlled,single-center clinical study conducted in 2011 till 2014.Twenty-nine patients with MHD were randomly assigned to a control(n=14)or a KA(n=15)group.The control group maintained a dietary protein intake of 0.9 g/kg/day.The KA group received additional KA supplement(0.1 g/kg/day).BIA was used to determine the lean tissue mass,adipose tissue mass,and body cell mass.The patients,nutritional status,dialysis adequacy,and biochemical parameters were assessed at the ends of the third and sixth months with t test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test.Results:The daily total energy intake for both groups was about 28 kcal/kg/day.After 6 months,the Kt/V(where K is the dialyzer clearance of urea,t is the dialysis time,and V is the volume of the distribution of urea)was 1.33±0.25 in KA group,and 1.34±0.25 in the control group.The median triceps skin-fold thickness in KA group was 12.00 and 9.00 mm in the control group.In addition,the median hand-grip strength in KA group was 21.10 and 25.65 kg in the control group.There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the anthropometry parameters,dialysis adequacy,serum calcium and phosphorus levels,inflammatory markers,and amino-acid profiles,or in relation to the parameters determined by BIA.Both groups achieved dialysis adequacy and maintained nutritional status during the study.Conclusions:In this cohort of Chinese patients with MHD,the patients in the control group whose dietary protein intake was 0.9 g/kg/day and total energy intake was 28 kcal/kg/day,maintained well nutritional status during study period.The KA supplement(0.1 g/kg/day)did not improve the essential amino acid/non-essential amino acid ratio,nor did it change the patients5 mineral metabolism,inflammatory parameters,or body compositions.