Development and evaluation of a vision driven sensor for estimating fuel feeding rates in combustion and gasification processes

A machine vision driven sensor for estimating the instantaneous feeding rate of pelletized fuels was developed and tested experimentally in combustion and gasification processes.The feeding rate was determined from images of the pellets sliding on a transfer chute into the reactor.From the images the apparent area and velocity of the pellets were extracted.Area was determined by a segmentation model created using a machine learning framework and velocities by image registration of two subsequent images.The measured weight of the pelletized fuel passed through the feeding system was in good agreement with the weight estimated by the sensor.The observed variations in the fuel feeding correlated with the variations in the gaseous species concentrations measured in the reactor core and in the exhaust.Since the developed sensor measures the ingoing fuel feeding rate prior to the reactor,its signal could therefore help improve process control.

A novel framework for the carbon reduction performance of power grids:A case study of provincial power grids within the China Central Power Grid

Power grids play a crucial role in connecting electricity suppliers and consumers.They facilitate efficient power transmission and energy management,significantly contributing to the transition toward low-carbon practices across both upstream and downstream sectors.Effectively managing carbon reduction in the power industry is essential for enhancing carbon reduction efficiency and achieving dual-carbon goals.Recent studies have focused on the outcomes of carbon reduction efforts rather than the management process.However,when power grids prioritize the process of carbon reduction in their management,they are more likely to achieve better results.To address this gap,we propose an evaluation model for managing carbon reduction activities in power grids,comprising the carbon management efficiency(CME)module based on the maturity model and the carbon reduction efficiency(CRE)module based on the entropy method.The CME module provides a scorecard corresponding to a detailed and continuous evaluation model for carbon management processes to calculate its performance.Simultaneously,the CRE module relates carbon reduction results to the development direction of the government and power grid,allowing for effective adjustments and updates based on actual situations.The evaluation model was applied to provincial power grids within the China Central Power Grid.The results reveal that despite some fluctuations in carbon reduction performance,provincial power grids within the China Central Power Grid have made continuous progress in carbon reduction efforts.According to the synergy model,there is evidence suggesting that power grids are steadily improving their carbon reduction performance,and a more organized approach would lead to a greater degree of synergy.The evaluation model applies to power grids,and its framework can be extended to other industries,providing a theoretical reference for evaluating their carbon reduction efforts.