激光光谱法等离子体裂解甲烷深度的实验研究

利用甲烷的强吸收振动带v3,采用吸收光谱法通过测量3391nm He-Ne激光穿过等离子体反应管的透射光强来考察甲烷完全裂解时间随放电电流和气压的变化规律。实验结果表明:对实验所用的封离系统,在直流和高频(33KHz)放电条件下,所得的甲烷裂解率分别为96%和98%。甲烷完全裂解的时间随气压的增加而增加,随放电电流的增大而减小;裂解效率直流放电比高频放电的高。

巴赫曼束(心耳间横肌束)及其动脉血供的多层螺旋CT成像对心房间传导异常和心律失常的提示

目的利用64层CT成像回顾性研究健康人和病人的巴赫曼束（BB）的解剖及其血供。方法本研究依从HIPAA法案并得到了机构审查委员会的批准可免除知情同意书。回顾317例病人（对照组164例，病人组153例）的临床病史、心电图（ECG）和64层CT冠状动脉成像影像。病人组中，房颤（AF）或房间传导阻滞（IAB）68例（P波持续时间≥120ms），严重冠状动脉疾病（CAD）46例[发出窦房结（SAN）动脉的冠状动脉狭窄程度≥70％]，严重CAD同时有心电图异常39例（AF或IAB）。对BB的长度、

油基钻井液体系轻烃组分分配系数计算及应用

采用一种基于静态顶空气相色谱技术的热力学方法研究了油基钻井液、地层流体和钻井液气体之间的关系,计算了两种油基钻井液-空气体系nC_(5)—nC_(8)范围内47种轻烃组分的分配系数,在热力学平衡条件下开展原始地层流体组分重构。研究表明,油基钻井液对钻井液气体中nC_(5)—nC_(8)范围内的地层流体组分的影响很小,对于低毒性合成油基钻井液,影响小于1%,对于柴油基钻井液,影响小于10%。对于多数轻烃组分,采用气相校准法和直接定量法确定的分配系数的误差小于10%,直接定量法计算的分配系数更准确。两种原油样品重构组分与真实组分之间的匹配度分别为91%和89%,证明利用nC_(5)—nC_(8)范围内轻烃组分分配系数通过静态顶空分析重构原始地层流体组分的可行性和准确性较高。

Trees of Panama: A complete checklist with every geographic range

Background Central America is one of the most diverse floristic provinces in the world,but comprehensive plant lists for the region are incomplete and need frequent updating.Full geographic ranges of individual species are seldom known.Our detailed forest inventory plots of Panama thus lack a global geographic perspective.In order to provide one,we assembled a thoroughly vetted checklist of all tree species of Panama,along with an estimate of each one’s range size based on published specimen records.Results 1)Panama has 3043 tree species in 141 families and 752 genera;57.6%were≥10 m tall and 16.9%were 3-5 m tall.2)The widest ranges were>1.5×107 km2,covering the entire neotropics and reaching>30∘latitude;12.4%of the species had ranges exceeding 107 km2.The median range was 6.9×105 km2.3)At the other extreme,16.2%of the species had a range<20,000 km2,a criterion suggesting endangered status.4)Range size increased with a tree species’height and varied significantly among families.5)Tree census plots,where we mapped and measured all individuals,captured 27.5%of the tree species,but a biased selection relative to range size;only 4.5%of the species in plots had ranges<20,000 km2.Conclusions Our checklist of the trees of Panama,based on rigorous criteria aimed at matching plot censuses,is 20%larger than previous.By recording species’maximum heights,we allow comparisons with other regions based on matching definitions,and the range sizes provide a quantitative basis for assessing extinction risk.Our next goal is to merge population density from plot censuses to add rigor to predictions of extinction risk of poorly-studied tropical tree species.

Distribution of Panama’s narrow-range trees:are there hot-spots?

Background:Tree species with narrow ranges are a conservation concern because heightened extinction risk accompanies their small populations.Assessing risks for these species is challenging,however,especially in tropical flora where their sparse populations seldom appear in traditional plots and inventories.Here,we utilize instead large scale databases that combine tree records from many sources to test whether the narrow-range tree species of Panama are concentrated at certain elevations or in certain provinces.Past investigations have suggested that the Choco region of eastern Panama and the high mountains of western Panama may be potential hotspots of narrow-range tree species.Methods:All individual records were collected from public databases,and the range size of each tree species found in Panama was estimated as a polygon enclosing all its locations.Species with ranges<20,000 km^(2) were defined as narrow endemics.We divided Panama into geographic regions and elevation zones and counted the number of individual records and the species richness in each,separating narrow-range species from all other species.Results:The proportion of narrow endemics peaked at elevations above 2000 m,reaching 17.2% of the species recorded.At elevation<1500 m across the country,the proportion was 6-11%,except in the dry Pacific region,where it was 1.5%.Wet forests of the Caribbean coast had 8.4% narrow-range species,slightly higher than other regions.The total number of narrow endemics,however,peaked at mid-elevation,not high elevation,because total species richness was highest at mid-elevation.Conclusions:High elevation forests of west Panama had higher proportions of narrow endemic trees than low-elevation regions,supporting their hot-spot status,while dry lowland forests had the lowest proportion.This supports the notion that montane forests of Central America should be a conservation focus.However,given generally higher diversity at low-to mid-elevation,lowlands are also important habitats for narrow-range tree species,though conservation efforts here may not protect narrow-range tree species as efficiently.

有或无胆囊结石患者胆囊动力与血浆胃肠激素水平的关系

Hormonal control of gallbladder motility is still unclear in patients with cholelithiasis. In a case-control study, we determined the characteristics of gallbladder emptying evaluated sonographically and the hormone levels of somatostatin, gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide, before and after a fatty meal in 10 gallstone patients compared with 20 healthy subjects. Patients with lithiasis had a larger residual volume (median 12,0 ml vs 6,5 ml; P = 0.01) and a lower gallbladder ejection fraction (43%vs 70%, P = 0.02) than healthy subjects. During fasting, plasma pancreatic polypeptide concentrations were significantly higher in lithiasis patients (P < 0.03). In contrast, no differences between the two groups of patients were observed during the post prandial period. Somatostatin and gastrin plasma levels were similar in the two groups. Lastly, the serum bile salt levels were in the normal range and were not different between groups both during fasting and postprandial states. We conclude that large basal plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide, a gut peptide inducing gallbladder relaxation, may constitute a factor facilitating lithogenesis.

Expected adult lifespan in tropical trees: Long-term matrix demography in a large plot

Background: Documenting the entire lifetime of long-lived organisms requires splicing together short-term observations. Matrix demography provides a tool to calculate lifetime statistics, but large samples from juvenile to adult are needed, and few such studies have been done in tropical trees because high species diversity limits sample sizes. The 50-ha plot at Barro Colorado in Panama was designed to provide large samples, and with 30years of censuses, accurate population matrices can be constructed.Methods: In 31 abundant species, I divided all individuals≥1 cm dbh into 4 or 5 size class in each of seven censuses. Movements of stems between size classes over two censuses are termed transitions, and I constructed complete transition matrices for each species. From the matrices, I derived analytic solutions for lifetime demographic statistics. Expected adult lifespan from the sapling stage was the key statistic.Results: Expected adult lifespan from the sapling stage varied 100-fold over the 31 species, from 0.5 to 50 years,and maturation time varied from 19 to nearly 200 years. Species with the highest growth rates also had high death rates, and theoretical calculations of reproductive lifespan show that the fast-growing pioneer species have short expected adult lifespans relative to the average slow-growing, shade-tolerant species. Within the slowgrowth category, however, there was high variation in expected adult lifespan, and several shade-tolerant species under-performed the pioneers in terms of adult lifespan.Conclusions: Analytical solutions from population matrices allow theoretical analyses that integrate short-term growth records into lifespans of tropical trees. The analyses suggest that pioneer species must reproduce more successfully than shade-tolerant species to persist in the Barro Colorado forest. My next goal is to incorporate seed production and germination into lifetime matrix demography to test this hypothesis.

Calculation and application of partition coefficients of light hydrocarbons in oil-based mud system

To find out the relationship between the oil-based mud,the formation fluid and the extracted gas,we use a thermodynamic approach based on static headspace gas chromatography technique to calculate the partition coefficients of 47 kinds of light hydrocarbons compounds between nC5 and nC8 in two kinds of oil-based mud-air systems,and reconstruct the original formation fluid composition under thermodynamic equilibrium.The oil-based drilling mud has little effect on the formation fluid compositions in the range of nC5-nC8(less than 1%for low-toxicity oil-based mud and less than 10%for oil-based mud).For most light hydrocarbon compositions,the partition coefficients obtained by vapor phase calibration and the direct quantitative methods have errors of less than 10%,and the partition coefficients obtained by direct quantitative method are more accurate.The reconstructed compositions of the two kinds of crude oil have match degrees of 91%and 89%with their real compositions,proving the feasibility and accuracy of reconstructing the composition of original formation fluid by using partition coefficients of light hydrocarbon compositions between nC5 and nC8.

Estimation of the Production Cost of Date Fruits of Cultivar Majhoul (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i>L.) and Evaluation of the Moroccan Competitiveness towards the Major Exporting Regions in the World

The aim of the present study was to estimate the production cost of dates of cv. Majhoul (Phoenix dactylifera L.) as part of the Moroccan strategy to develop the date palm sector, and to compare it to that reported in the main exporting regions. Data were collected through surveys of farmers and farm owners carried out in the “Meski Boudnib” extension zone during 2018 and 2019, as well as from studies performed by some governmental organizations. The surveys were conducted on 30 modern and productive date palm farms, managed in monoculture and equipped with localized irrigation systems. All fixed and variable costs were calculated. It was found, through our calculations, that the subsidies from the Moroccan government reduce the average investment cost of a modern date palm farm by 56%. It was also shown that the production cost of one ton of date fruits of cv. Majhoul in the extension zone “Meski Boudnib” (Morocco) is estimated at about 6060 MAD (US$ 634.5), out of which 28% represents the labor cost and 23% represents mineral and organic fertilization costs. The findings of the present study revealed that the production cost of one ton of cv. Majhoul dates in “Meski Boudnib” is lower than those reported in the Coachella Valley (20,189 MAD/ton;US$ 2114) and the Jordan Valley (10,536 MAD/ton;US$ 1103).

单纯用钙泊三醇后再用钙泊三醇/倍他米松二丙酸盐与Tacalcitol治疗寻常银屑病疗效比较:随机双盲试验

Background: A two-compound product containing calcipotriol 50 μg/g and betamethasone dipropionate 0.5 mg/g (Daivobet., Dovobet.)hasbeendemonstratedtobeaneffective,oncedaily, treatment for psoriasis vulgaris. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of treatment with the two-compound product for 4 weeks followed by calcipotriol for 4 weeks, with that of tacalcitol for 8 weeks in patients with stable psoriasis vulgaris. Methods: 501 patients were randomised to double-blind treatment with the two-compound product followed by calcipotriol 50 μg/g once daily, or to tacalcitol 4 μg/g once daily. Results: Treatment with the two-compound product/calcipotriol was significantly more effective than tacalcitol in terms of mean percentage PASI reduction (65.0 vs. 33.3%at week 4 and 59.0 vs. 38.4%at week 8; P < 0.001 for both). Conclusion: A treatment regimen comprising calcipotriol/betamethasone ointment (Daivobet) for 4 weeks followed by calcipotriol for 4 weeks is superior to tacalcitol ointment for 8 weeks in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.

细胞色素C氧化酶缺乏的Leigh综合征伴SURF1基因纯合突变

Leigh syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder, usually due to a defect in oxidati ve metabolism. Mutations in SURF1 gene have been identified in patients with cyt ochrome c oxidase deficiency. We report a homozygous splice site deletion [516- 2 516-1delAG] in a young girl presenting with cytochrome c oxidase-deficient L eigh syndrome. Identification of molecular defect is indispensable for genetic c ounselling and prenatal diagnosis.

2,2-二氟脱氧胞嘧啶核苷与奥沙利铂联用可安全有效地治疗未经处理的晚期胰腺癌

Aim-The aim of this study was to determine the safety and the efficacy of a gemcitabine/oxaliplatin combination (GEMOX) as first line therapy in patients with metastatic or unresectable locally-advanced pancreatic cancer. Patients and methods-Patients received gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 as a 10 mg/m2/min infusion on day 1 followed on day 2 by oxaliplatin 100 mg/m2 as a 2 hour infusion, each cycle being given every 2 weeks. All patients had measurable disease and histological diagnosis before inclusion. Patients were treated until progression or for 12 cycles in the absence of progression. Tumor lesions were assessed by computed tomography scan every 4 cycles. Results-Between January 2001 and January 2003, 32 patients were eligible for the study. The objective response rate (OR) was 28.1%with a 12.5%complete response rate (CR). Median progression-free survival and median overall survival were 7 and 9 months, respectively. Median overall survival for patients with metastatic disease and locally-advanced disease were 7 and 25 months, respectively (P < 0.0007). Eleven patients were alive at 1 year (34.4%), six at 2 years (18.8%) and two at 3 years (6%). Fourteen (43.8%) of 32 patients experienced a clinical benefit response. Conclusion-These results support the safety, the antitumor activity and the possibility of durable responses of the GEMOX regimen in patientswith locally-advanced disease.

对18例已放置金属十二指肠支架并继发恶性梗阻性黄疸的患者采用内镜下胆管支架置入术

Aim - The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of endoscopic in sertion of biliary stents in patients with duodenal stents who develop secondary malignant obstructive jaundice. Patients and methods - The study population i ncluded 133 patients with unresectable malignant duodenal obstruction. In 106 pa tients a biliary stent was inserted before or at the same time as the duodenal s tent. Malignant biliary obstruction appeared secondarily in 18 patients; fifteen of these patients already had a biliary stent. We present our experience of bil iary stent insertion in these 18 patients with metallic duodenal stents. Results - Biliary obstruction was successfully alleviated in 17 out of 18 patients (9 4% ) without complication. Insertion of a new biliary stent failed in one patie nt because the mesh of the duodenal stent passed over the metallic biliary stent already in place. Mean duration of endoscopic insertion was 95 minutes (range: 60- 180). All patients remained free of biliary complications to death (57 days , range: 30- 120). Conclusion - Our report shows that endoscopic insertion of a biliary stent is feasible in patients who have metallic duodenal stents. Techn ical difficulties exist especially if the mesh of the duodenal stent passes over the papilla.

生殖器自残心理因素和急诊外阴成形术的医学伦理学研究(法)

The genital self- mutilation is not rare in women. Risk factors found in these cases are: mood disorders, food behavior anomalies and antecedents of sexual aggression. However, surgical repair is not done in emergency: we find no similar report to our clinical case describing an added up bilateral reduction nymphoplasty carried out in emergency after hemorrhagic genital self-mutilation. We discuss psychological risk factors, psychiatric diagnosis and optimal treatment, studied from medico-ethical point of view, for this surgical emergency.

1例北非患者的布-加综合征与乳糜泻的关系(法)

We report the case of a 46 year old woman who developed a celiac disease and Budd Chiari syndrome. No etiology for the Budd Chiari syndrome was found. The patient was from North Africa. The long term outcome is favourable with a gluten free diet and antivitamin K treatment.

Predicting plant disease epidemics using boosted regression trees

Plant epidemics are often associated with weather-related variables.It is difficult to identify weather-related predictors for models predicting plant epidemics.In the article by Shah et al.,to predict Fusarium head blight(FHB)epidemics of wheat,they explored a functional approach using scalar-on-function regression to model a binary outcome(FHB epidemic or non-epidemic)with respect to weather time series spanning 140 days relative to anthesis.The scalar-on-function models fit the data better than previously described logistic regression models.In this work,given the same dataset and models,we attempt to reproduce the article by Shah et al.using a different approach,boosted regression trees.After fitting,the classification accuracy and model statistics are surprisingly good.

Managing power grids through topology actions: A comparative study between advanced rule-based and reinforcement learning agents

The operation of electricity grids has become increasingly complex due to the current upheaval and the increase in renewable energy production.As a consequence,active grid management is reaching its limits with conventional approaches.In the context of the Learning to Run a Power Network(L2RPN)challenge,it has been shown that Reinforcement Learning(RL)is an efficient and reliable approach with considerable potential for automatic grid operation.In this article,we analyse the submitted agent from Binbinchen and provide novel strategies to improve the agent,both for the RL and the rule-based approach.The main improvement is a N-1 strategy,where we consider topology actions that keep the grid stable,even if one line is disconnected.More,we also propose a topology reversion to the original grid,which proved to be beneficial.The improvements are tested against reference approaches on the challenge test sets and are able to increase the performance of the rule-based agent by 27%.In direct comparison between rule-based and RL agent we find similar performance.However,the RL agent has a clear computational advantage.We also analyse the behaviour in an exemplary case in more detail to provide additional insights.Here,we observe that through the N-1 strategy,the actions of both the rule-based and the RL agent become more diversified.

Walking the thin line…ten years later:the dilemma of aboveversus below-ground features to support phylogenies in the Russulaceae(Basidiomycota)

For the very first time,morpho-anatomical features of both fruiting bodies as well as below-ground structures have been confronted with a newly produced multigene phylogeny of root symbiotic basidiomycetes using one of the most speciose genera of ectomycorrhizal fungi(Russula,Russulales)as an example.In this first of two papers,the authors focus more specifically on below-ground structures.Our five-gene phylogeny divides the genus in five main clades,here interpreted as representing seven subgenera,all significantly supported.Although more conserved than features of fruiting bodies,the anatomy of ectomycorrhiza does not allow for an unambiguous characterization of the main clades resolved by phylogenetic analysis,but the anatomy of ectomycorrhiza performs better to naturally classify the species of this genus.Features of fruiting bodies remain much more adequate for the delimitation of terminal clades and are irreplaceable for morphological species identification.Tropical taxa mostly nest in ancient lineages,but are also present in some terminal clades of otherwise temperate species groups.The shift from plectenchymatic to pseudoparenchymatic ECM outer mantle structures happened most likely already in the paleotropics,and is here hypothesized to have facilitated a major diversification of the genus with new hosts in the northern hemisphere.Available data as well as our own observations on below ground structures of several Lactifluus species suggests that this genus shares with Russula the absence of lactifers in ECM mantles and rhizomorphs,contrary to species of Lactarius where lactifers are always present.First observations on rhizomorphs of species in Multifurca confirm the presence of vessel-like and ladder-like hyphae,also found in the other agarioid genera of this family,while distinct lactifers are only present in the lactarioid,but not in russuloid members of this genus.

A multilocus phylogeny for worldwide Cantharellus (Cantharellales, Agaricomycetidae)

After a short historical overview of past systematic studies on Cantharellus,discussing delimitation and species diversity of the genus as well as previous,morphology-based,infrageneric classifications,this paper presents the first molecularly-based infrageneric classification of this genus using a multigene phylogenetic approach(nucLSU,mitSSU,RPB2 and tef-1)on a dataset that covers approximately halve of the described chanterelles worldwide,including many type specimens.Six subgenera are recognized and the recognition of subgenus Afrocantharellus as a separate genus is not accepted.The taxonomic value of individual morphological features is discussed as challenged by this new multigene phylogeny which comprises five new sections,one new subgenus and many emendations for previously recognized infrageneric groups.The paper discusses the observed discrepancy in biodiversity of Cantharellus when comparing between studies that focus either on below-or above-ground presence.A preliminary biogeographic hypothesis suggests an‘out of Africa’Gondwanan origin as a result of vicariance and subsequent migrations.

Cantharellus(Cantharellales,Basidiomycota)revisited in Europe through a multigene phylogeny

Resolving species delimitation issues of European Cantharellus is crucial to correctly name chanterelles around the globe.Thirty names referring to Cantharellus s.str.have been described in Europe,some of which are used in other continents.Based on combined analyses of ITS2,LSU,RPB2 and TEF-1,merely eight species are here recognized in Europe applying the genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition criteria,one of which,C.roseofagetorum,is described as new.Morphological characters used in species delimitation are mapped and their variability evaluated.The colour of the hymenophore in young specimens is found to be a rather constant morphological character of taxonomic use.European species of Cantharellus are morphologically distinguished by unique combinations of characters,such as the presence of a pink pileal coating,pileus and hymenophore colour when young,and in some cases,the mean spore length and ecology.Eighteen type specimens from Europe are sequenced.Based on revised species concepts sixteen novel taxonomic synonyms are here proposed for European chanterelles:C.alborufescens(=C.henrici,C.ilicis,C.lilacinopruinatus),C.amethysteus(=C.cibarius subsp.squamulosus,C.cibarius var.umbrinus,C.rufipes),C.cibarius(=C.cibarius var.atlanticus,C.parviluteus),C.ferruginascens(=C.cibarius var.flavipes),C.friesii(=C.ignescens),C.pallens(=C.cibarius var.albidus,C.cibarius var.bicolor,C.subpruinosus),and C.romagnesianus(=C.pseudominimus,C.lourizanianus,C.romagnesianus var.parvisporus).The type of Cantharellus,C.cibarius,is epitypified.Descriptions,colour illustrations and a key to all European species are provided.