Practical guide:Glucagon-like peptide-1 and dual glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in diabetes mellitus common second-line choice after metformin for treating T2...Practical guide:Glucagon-like peptide-1 and dual glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in diabetes mellitus common second-line choice after metformin for treating T2DM.Various considerations can make selecting and switching between different GLP-1 RAs challenging.Our study aims to provide a comprehensive guide for the usage of GLP-1 RAs and dual GIP and GLP-1 RAs for the management of T2DM.展开更多
Here we present a docking model that ranks compounds according to their potential effectiveness as a potential substrate or inhibitor. We utilize xanthine oxidase (XO), a multi-cofactor oxido-reductase which converts ...Here we present a docking model that ranks compounds according to their potential effectiveness as a potential substrate or inhibitor. We utilize xanthine oxidase (XO), a multi-cofactor oxido-reductase which converts hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. During the reductive half reaction, electrons flow from the molybdopterin, to each of two Fe/S centers, and finally to FAD. During the oxidative half reaction, electrons are passed from the FAD to O2. Under ideal physiological conditions, this reduction of oxygen generates H2O2 and, under multiple turnover conditions, superoxide in amounts which is regulated by catalase and superoxide dismutase. Utilizing computer modeling predictions of the docking orientations and energies of a group of purine based structures was selected. Correlating computer estimations with steady state kinetic data, a rapid screening process for inhibittor prediction was highlighted. This method allows educated selection of likely inhibitors, thereby decreasing the time and supplies required to complete a traditional kinetic analysis screening. Results demonstrate the functionality and reliability of this method and have proven particularly useful in understanding binding orienttations or poses of each compound.展开更多
The mineralocorticoid receptor（MR）,well known to be expressed in renal epithelial cells where it is important in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis,has aldosterone as one of its main agonists.Much research in the las...The mineralocorticoid receptor（MR）,well known to be expressed in renal epithelial cells where it is important in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis,has aldosterone as one of its main agonists.Much research in the last 10–15 years indicates that MRs are also expressed outside of the kidney,including in the brain,vasculature and heart,where they contribute to the pathophysiology of disease（Dinh et al.,2012;]aisser and Farman, 2016）.展开更多
Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is considered to be one of the most common incapacitating psychiatric diseases. A pharmacist interacting with patients has the potential to enhance compliance, ensure proper...Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is considered to be one of the most common incapacitating psychiatric diseases. A pharmacist interacting with patients has the potential to enhance compliance, ensure proper medication use, and monitor adverse effects that will ultimately improve patients’ quality of care. Methods: The primary objectives of this study were to 1) assess individuals’ knowledge of depression before and after a 30-minute educational intervention and 2) measure satisfaction with the program. The pre- and post-test consisted of 11 identical questions that assessed individuals’ knowledge regarding depression. The survey consisted of four questions that rated program satisfaction. Results: Although 82 individuals participated in some aspect of the program, 56 individuals completed the program requirements and were included in the data analysis. Four hundred and eighty six of the total 616 (56 participants × 11 questions) pre-test questions (79%) were answered correctly at the beginning of the program. A total of 556 post-test questions (90%) were answered correctly at the conclusion of the program, with an overall increase of 70 (p ≤ 0.001) more correct answers. Correct responses to five questions were statistically significant for improved post-test scores: Over-the-counter or herbal medications will interfere with your medication (p = 0.01);certain foods can interfere with medications that affect mood (p = 0.01);it is safe to use multiple pharmacies to get your medications (p = 0.001);the main chemical of the brain that is not balanced in depression (p ≤ 0.001);and the most common type of medication for depression (p ≤ 0.001). Overall, 95% of participants would recommend the program to a friend or family member. Conclusion: The data from this program supports that pharmacists can have a positive impact in the mental health field and satisfaction with such services in the community.展开更多
文摘Practical guide:Glucagon-like peptide-1 and dual glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in diabetes mellitus common second-line choice after metformin for treating T2DM.Various considerations can make selecting and switching between different GLP-1 RAs challenging.Our study aims to provide a comprehensive guide for the usage of GLP-1 RAs and dual GIP and GLP-1 RAs for the management of T2DM.
文摘Here we present a docking model that ranks compounds according to their potential effectiveness as a potential substrate or inhibitor. We utilize xanthine oxidase (XO), a multi-cofactor oxido-reductase which converts hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. During the reductive half reaction, electrons flow from the molybdopterin, to each of two Fe/S centers, and finally to FAD. During the oxidative half reaction, electrons are passed from the FAD to O2. Under ideal physiological conditions, this reduction of oxygen generates H2O2 and, under multiple turnover conditions, superoxide in amounts which is regulated by catalase and superoxide dismutase. Utilizing computer modeling predictions of the docking orientations and energies of a group of purine based structures was selected. Correlating computer estimations with steady state kinetic data, a rapid screening process for inhibittor prediction was highlighted. This method allows educated selection of likely inhibitors, thereby decreasing the time and supplies required to complete a traditional kinetic analysis screening. Results demonstrate the functionality and reliability of this method and have proven particularly useful in understanding binding orienttations or poses of each compound.
基金supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australiathe Foundation for High Blood Pressure Research Australia (to SC)grants from the NHMRC and the National Heart Foundation of Australia
文摘The mineralocorticoid receptor（MR）,well known to be expressed in renal epithelial cells where it is important in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis,has aldosterone as one of its main agonists.Much research in the last 10–15 years indicates that MRs are also expressed outside of the kidney,including in the brain,vasculature and heart,where they contribute to the pathophysiology of disease（Dinh et al.,2012;]aisser and Farman, 2016）.
文摘Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is considered to be one of the most common incapacitating psychiatric diseases. A pharmacist interacting with patients has the potential to enhance compliance, ensure proper medication use, and monitor adverse effects that will ultimately improve patients’ quality of care. Methods: The primary objectives of this study were to 1) assess individuals’ knowledge of depression before and after a 30-minute educational intervention and 2) measure satisfaction with the program. The pre- and post-test consisted of 11 identical questions that assessed individuals’ knowledge regarding depression. The survey consisted of four questions that rated program satisfaction. Results: Although 82 individuals participated in some aspect of the program, 56 individuals completed the program requirements and were included in the data analysis. Four hundred and eighty six of the total 616 (56 participants × 11 questions) pre-test questions (79%) were answered correctly at the beginning of the program. A total of 556 post-test questions (90%) were answered correctly at the conclusion of the program, with an overall increase of 70 (p ≤ 0.001) more correct answers. Correct responses to five questions were statistically significant for improved post-test scores: Over-the-counter or herbal medications will interfere with your medication (p = 0.01);certain foods can interfere with medications that affect mood (p = 0.01);it is safe to use multiple pharmacies to get your medications (p = 0.001);the main chemical of the brain that is not balanced in depression (p ≤ 0.001);and the most common type of medication for depression (p ≤ 0.001). Overall, 95% of participants would recommend the program to a friend or family member. Conclusion: The data from this program supports that pharmacists can have a positive impact in the mental health field and satisfaction with such services in the community.
