In order to monitor human exposures to the environ-mental mutagens,we have been developing and puttinginto practice three methods for the detection ofsomatic mutation at human specific loci.A summaryof results on atom...In order to monitor human exposures to the environ-mental mutagens,we have been developing and puttinginto practice three methods for the detection ofsomatic mutation at human specific loci.A summaryof results on atomic bomb survivors and other exposedindividuals are as follows:展开更多
Although mutations clearly play a role in themulti-stage process of carcinogenesis,a challengewll be made to the paradigm that most chemical"carcinogens" act via mutagenic activity("carcinogens as mutag...Although mutations clearly play a role in themulti-stage process of carcinogenesis,a challengewll be made to the paradigm that most chemical"carcinogens" act via mutagenic activity("carcinogens as mutagens").Control ofproliferation and differentiation within andbetween tissues is mediated by展开更多
Background: Although an association between benign digestive diseases and smoking or drinking habits was reported, consistent results have not been obtained either in European,American or Japanese populations. Methods...Background: Although an association between benign digestive diseases and smoking or drinking habits was reported, consistent results have not been obtained either in European,American or Japanese populations. Methods: Smoking and alcohol habits as risk factors for the incidence of gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis as well as cholelithiasis were examined using the longitudinal data of the Adult Health Study collected biennially between 1958 and 1998. During 1958- 1998, 1,093 gastric ulcers, 437 duodenal ulcers, 2,054 chronic liver diseases and cirrhoses, and 1,136 cholelithiasis cases were newly detected based on medical history, fluoroscopy or endoscopy and ultrasonography. Smoking and drinking histories were obtained from five and three questionnaires, respectively, administered during different periods. The relative risks (RRs) for ever smoked to never smoked and that for ever drank to never drank were estimated after adjustment for city, sex, age, birth cohort, calendar time and radiation dose. Results: The analysis showed a positive association of smoking with gastric ulcer (RR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.71- 2.41), duodenal ulcer (RR: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.99- 1.72), chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.08- 1.39) and cholelithiasis (RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02- 1.40), and a positive association of drinking with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (RR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.99- 1.23). Conclusions: The peptic ulcer, chronic liver disease and cholelithiasis incidence increased significantly with smoking, and the chronic liver disease incidence increased significantly with drinking simultaneously in a prospective study of a Japanese population.展开更多
文摘In order to monitor human exposures to the environ-mental mutagens,we have been developing and puttinginto practice three methods for the detection ofsomatic mutation at human specific loci.A summaryof results on atomic bomb survivors and other exposedindividuals are as follows:
文摘Although mutations clearly play a role in themulti-stage process of carcinogenesis,a challengewll be made to the paradigm that most chemical"carcinogens" act via mutagenic activity("carcinogens as mutagens").Control ofproliferation and differentiation within andbetween tissues is mediated by
文摘Background: Although an association between benign digestive diseases and smoking or drinking habits was reported, consistent results have not been obtained either in European,American or Japanese populations. Methods: Smoking and alcohol habits as risk factors for the incidence of gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis as well as cholelithiasis were examined using the longitudinal data of the Adult Health Study collected biennially between 1958 and 1998. During 1958- 1998, 1,093 gastric ulcers, 437 duodenal ulcers, 2,054 chronic liver diseases and cirrhoses, and 1,136 cholelithiasis cases were newly detected based on medical history, fluoroscopy or endoscopy and ultrasonography. Smoking and drinking histories were obtained from five and three questionnaires, respectively, administered during different periods. The relative risks (RRs) for ever smoked to never smoked and that for ever drank to never drank were estimated after adjustment for city, sex, age, birth cohort, calendar time and radiation dose. Results: The analysis showed a positive association of smoking with gastric ulcer (RR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.71- 2.41), duodenal ulcer (RR: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.99- 1.72), chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.08- 1.39) and cholelithiasis (RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02- 1.40), and a positive association of drinking with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (RR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.99- 1.23). Conclusions: The peptic ulcer, chronic liver disease and cholelithiasis incidence increased significantly with smoking, and the chronic liver disease incidence increased significantly with drinking simultaneously in a prospective study of a Japanese population.
