Antioxidant activity,total phenolic,and resveratrol content in five cultivars of peanut sprouts

Objective: To investigate the change in total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity,and resveratrol content of five different germinated peanut cultivars.Methods: The germinated sprouts of five peanut cultivars(Kalasin1, Kalasin2, Konkaen,Konkaen4, and Tainan9) were extracted with 80% ethanol and collected as crude extract.The antioxidant capacities were determined with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power method.The total phenolic compound was measured using the Folin–Ciocalteau assay.The qualification and quantification of resveratrol was performed by high performance liquid chromatography method.Results: Among the five cultivars, a three-day germination of Kalasin1 showed the highest phenolic content [(40.67 ± 2.62) mg gallic acid/g dry weight], expressed the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl antioxidant value [(80.51 ± 1.47) mmol/L Trolox/g dry weight], and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power antioxidant value [(171.33 ± 8.59)mmol/L ascorbic acid/g dry weight].However, the high performance liquid chromatography result of Kalasin2 significantly increased to the highest resveratrol content of(6.44 ± 1.26) mg/g dry weight on the second day of germination.Conclusions: The variation of phytochemical content in the peanut sprout is due to the effect of the peanut cultivar and the germination period.

Electrical Performance of Porcelain Surge Arrester in 22 kV Distribution System under Contaminated Conditions

Stability and reliability of distribution system are able to be improved by many protective devices including insulators, relay and surge arrester (SA). SA is used for protection of lightning and switching surge in Provincial Electricity Au-thority (PEA). This paper presents an experimental investigation of 22 kV distribution SA electrical performances under pollution conditions according to IEC 60507. The experimental results of leakage currents more than 6 mA at Equiva-lent Salt Deposit Density (ESDD) 0.6 mg/cm2 at nominal voltage. These data will be useful to be guideline for solving problems and reducing power loss from leakage current on the surface of SAs as a result of surface dirt and pollution. Moreover, it will be useful to select or design suitable SAs for using in places with salt conditions, high rainfall, high wind speeds and high humidity.

Leakage Currents of Zinc Oxide Surge Arresters in 22 kV Distribution System Using Thermal Image Camera

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) surge arresters (SAs) experience thermal runaway when the temperature exceeds the acceptable limit. This phenomenon is associated with the increase in resistive leakage current due to degradation. This paper presents the electrical performance of ZnO SAs in 22 kV distribution systems using thermal image camera under the power frequency AC operating voltages. When ZnO surge arresters are installation takes a long time in distribution system over more than 5 years. For the experimental study, as ZnO installation takes a long time over 6 years the leakage current is 63.9 mA, temperature differences were measured over a period of time over 14 degree Celsius. This data will be useful as a guideline for solving problems and reducing power loss from leakage current. Moreover, it will be useful in predicting lifetime of ZnO SAs.

Case Study:Productive Performance and Prediction of Operating Income of Small-Scale Contract Farming of Swine in Lampang,Thailand

The objective of this study was to examine productive performance and predict factors affecting operating income of small-scale contract farming of swine(SCFS)in Lampang,Thailand.Ten SCFSs were selected by purposive sampling as primary data sources for two consecutive fattening cycles during the year 2015-2017.Data indicated that the SCFS was feeder pig finishing system which herd size(HS)averaged 502 head/farm.The animals consumed approximate 1.59 kg of feed/head/d.The average daily gain(ADG)was 675.22 g/d and feed conversion ratio(FCR)was 2.42.The mean of fattening time(FT)averaged 158 d/cycle.The culling rate(CR)and mortality rate(MR)were 0.17%and 2.50%,respectively.The predicted operating income(POI)was estimated by multiple linear regressions.The equation was:POI=2,700.912+0.027HS–7.119CR–18.225MR+16.885ABW+806.466FI–4.142ADG–420.281FCR–9.719FT(ABW=average body weight;FI=feed intake)with r=0.899,r2=0.808,p-value=0.009.According to stepwise procedure,the potential equation was:POI=323.664FI–9.769MR–22.635 with r=0.837,r2=0.701,p-value=0.000.This predicted equation would benefit as a monitoring index for SCFS to manage their expected operating income and proper farm management to be further profitable and sustainable.

Development of Coffee Value Chain for Value Added in Small Scale of Farmer

This study is development of the coffee value chain in small scale of farmers on highland in the upper northern region of Thailand with case study of Pamieng community,Muangpan District,Lampang Province,Thailand.The objective is the use of the value chain model for the value added of product(coffee).The results from objective to conduct in the value chain of Pamiang’s coffee bring economic benefits and community based environmental benefits and also show the cost and return of coffee production in the value chain of Pamieng’s coffee which found that the farmers have a way to reduce costs in order to increase returns.The most coffee growing is on highland,therefore it is very important to take care of the entire value chain to deliver the highest value to society and customers.

不同澄清剂对金樱子发酵果酒澄清效果的影响

以果胶酶、明胶、膨润土、壳聚糖四种澄清剂单一或者复合使用的处理方法对金樱子发酵果酒进行澄清处理,测定了金樱子果酒澄清处理前后的透光率、酒精度、总糖、总酸以及相应感官评价等指标。实验结果表明:以复合澄清剂澄清效果最佳,即明胶0.02g/L、膨润土1.2g/L和壳聚糖0.4g/L,经澄清处理后,果酒的理化性质变化小,酒精度为14.2%vol,总糖4.5g/L,总酸2.8g/L,透光率96.5%,处理后的果酒呈宝石光泽,果香、酒香良好、酒体醇厚,典型优雅。

基于燃烧器的亚微型多分散悬浮微粒制作研究(英文)

A combustion burner for the production of submicron polydisperse aerosol particles was developed and experimentally studied in this paper. The sample particles from the generator were characterized by the scanning electron microscope ( SEM) ,the energy dispersive spectroscopy ( EDS) ,and the long electrical mobility spectrometer ( L-EMS) for morphology,chemical composition,and particle number concentration and size distribution,respectively. It was found from the SEM image that a large portion of the particles were non-spherical and were agglomerated. Polydisperse aerosols with particle number concentrations of approximately 10 14 particles /m 3 were obtained. The average diameter of the generated particles obtained by the L-EMS is in the range of approximately 5 nm to several hundred nanometers.

Effects of the ratio of unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid on the growth performance,carcass and meat quality of finishing pigs

The effects on finishing pigs(80-100 kg BW) fed diets supplemented with oil sources containing different ratios of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids(UFA:SFA ratio) were evaluated in 15 barrows and15 gilts(Duroc × Large White × Landrace). Three experimental diets were evaluated using a randomized complete block design, with broken rice, soybean meal and rice bran as the main feedstuffs in the control diet. Diets 2 and 3 consisted of the control diet supplemented with 3% oil, with UFA:SFA ratios of 2.5:1 and 5:1, respectively. Overall, there was no significant difference(P> 0.05) found in the average daily gain(ADG) of the pigs fed the treatment diets; however, the pigs fed the control diet and diet 3 had better(P < 0.05) feed conversion ratios(FCR) than the pigs fed diet 2. The pigs fed diets 2 and 3, which were supplemented with oil at UFA:SFA ratios of 2.5:1 and 5:1, had greater(P < 0.05) average daily feed intakes(ADFI) than the pigs in the control group. Additionally, it was found that the gender of the pigs had an effect(P < 0.05) on the FCR. Interaction effects between the experimental diets and the gender of the pigs(P < 0.05) were found in the ADFI and FCR. There were no significance differences(P > 0.05)among the treatment groups with regard to the carcass quality of the pigs; however, it was found that the gilts had greater(P < 0.01) loin eye areas than the barrows fed diets 2 and 3 and the loin eye area of pig fed diet 2 was the largest(P < 0.05); In the case of the meat quality parameters, it was clearly found that the pigs fed the control diet had a greater(P < 0.05) lightness(L~*) in the meat colour, and the lowest cooking loss was found in the pigs fed the diet supplemented with fat containing the UFA:SFA ratio of 5:1.Overall, the dietary treatment did not significantly affect the drip loss, thawing loss and shear force of the pork. In conclusion, the supplementation of oil with UFA:SFA ratios of 2.5:1 and 5:1 has the potential to improve pork quality.