Nonlinear mixing-based terahertz emission in inclined rippled density plasmas

We propose to investigate the THz field generation using nonlinear mixing mechanism of laser beat wave with inclined rippled density plasmas.Two laser pulses with frequencies(ω_(1),ω_(2)) and wave vectors(k_(1),k_(2)) co-propagate and resultant laser beat wave forms at beat frequency(ω_(1)-ω_(2)).Laser beat wave imparts a nonlinear force on the ambient electrons and pushes them outward with nonlinear velocity v_(NL).Coupling of induced density perturbation and nonlinear velocity v_(NL)generates nonlinear currents at laser beat frequency that further generates electromagnetic field E_((ω_(1)-ω_(2))) in terahertz(THz)range.In the present scheme,density ripples are introduced at an angle with respect to laser propagation and flat Gaussian index(f) is introduced in laser field profile that transform curved top of Gaussian field envelope into flat top field envelope.The combined effect of flat laser pulses with inclined density ripples in plasmas shows 10-fold enhancement in THz field amplitude when flat-Gaussian index(f) varies from 1 to 4.Also,the THz field intensifies when density ripples inclination increases upto a certain angle and then decreases.

Mixed Saddle Point and Its Equivalence with an Efficient Solution under Generalized (V, <i>p</i>)-Invexity

The purpose of this paper is to define the concept of mixed saddle point for a vector-valued Lagrangian of the non-smooth multiobjective vector-valued constrained optimization problem and establish the equivalence of the mixed saddle point and an efficient solution under generalized (V, p)-invexity assumptions.

Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Chromium(III) Complexes of Schiff Base

Complexes of chromium(III) metal ion with schiff base i.e. 2,3,9,10 tetraphenyl-1,4,8,11-tetra- azacyclotetradeca-1,3,8,10 tetraene. (BPD) 2,4,10,12-tetramethyl-1,5,9,13-tetraazacyclohexadeca- 1,4,9,12 tetraene. (ADP) 2,3,9,10 tetramethyl 1,4,8,11 tatraazatetredeca-1,3,8,10 tetraene (DDP) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements, electronic and epr spectral studies. On the basis of elemental analysis the complexes were found to have composition CrLX3 (X = Cl-, , NCS-), Molar conductance, measured in DMF solution of these complexes indicates that the complexes are 1:1 electrolytes in nature, therefore the complexes may be formulated as [CrLX2]X. These complexes show magnetic moment in the range of 3.80 - 3.84 B.M. corresponding to three unpaired electrons. EPR and electronic spectral studies reveal that the complexes possess six-coordinated octahedral geometry. The ligand field parameters were calculated using various energy level diagrams. In vitro synthesized compounds and metal salts have also been tested against some species of plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria in order to assess their antimicrobial properties.

Refractometric Studies on Molecular Interactions in Six Binary Liquid Mixtures

Refractive indices of the six binary mixtures between N-Butyl bromide with Aniline, Benzene, Xylene, Carbon tetrachloride, n-Heptane and Toluene for the entire concentration range have been measured at 303.15 K. Furthermore, deviation in refractive indices from ideal mixture, molar refraction, deviation in molar refraction from ideal values for these mixtures has also been evaluated. The results are discussed in term of molecular interactions between the components of the binary mixtures.

Spectral studies of transition metal complexes with 25, 26 dioxo1,6,12,17,23,24 hexaazacyclohexacosa 1,5,12,16 tetraene macrocyclic ligand (L)

Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes with this ligand (L) i.e. 25, 26 dioxo1,6,12,17,23,24 hexaazacyclohexacosa1,5,12,16 tetraene have been prepared. All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, mass, i.r. electronic, and e.p.r. spectral studies. The molar conductance measurements in DMF indicate that the Mn(II), Co(II), and Cu(II) are non-electrolyte whereas the complexes of Ni(II) are electrolyte. Thus, these complexes may by formulated as [M(L)X2] and [Ni(L)]X2 (where M = Mn(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) and X = C1- and ). All the complexes are of the high spin type expected Ni(II) complexes which are diamagnetic. On the basis of spectral studies, an octahedral geometry may be assigned of Mn(II) and Co(II). Square planar is for Ni(II) complexes, and tetragonal geometry for Cu(II) complexes.

Dynamics of Particle in Confined-Harmonic Potential in External Static Electric Field and Strong Laser Field

Dynamics of a particle in confined-harmonic potential, subjected to external static electric and time-dependent laser fields is studied. The energy levels and wave functions of unperturbed harmonic oscillator are evaluated using B-polynomial Galerkin method. Matrix formulation is used throughout the procedure. This procedure is very simple and efficient in comparison with other methods. Modifications of wave functions and energy levels due to static electric field are also calculated. Finally, absorption spectra of such a driven oscillator are studied and explained.