Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells(MSC-Exos)are nano-sized extracellular vesicles enriched with bioactive molecules,such as microRNAs,enzymes,cytokines,chemokines,immunomodulatory,trophic,and growth factors....Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells(MSC-Exos)are nano-sized extracellular vesicles enriched with bioactive molecules,such as microRNAs,enzymes,cytokines,chemokines,immunomodulatory,trophic,and growth factors.These molecules regulate the survival,phenotype,and function of malignant and tumor-infiltrated immune cells.Due to their nano-size and bilayer lipid envelope,MSC-Exos can easily bypass biological barriers and may serve as drug carriers to deliver chemotherapeutics directly into the tumor cells.Here,we summarize current knowledge regarding molecular mechanisms responsible for MSC-Exos-dependent modulation of tumor progression and discuss insights regarding the therapeutic potential of MSC-Exos in the treatment of malignant diseases.展开更多
Acute liver failure(ALF)is a severe and life-threatening condition in which rapid deterioration of liver function develops in a patient who has no preexisting liver disease.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are immunoregula...Acute liver failure(ALF)is a severe and life-threatening condition in which rapid deterioration of liver function develops in a patient who has no preexisting liver disease.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are immunoregulatory stem cells which are able to modulate phenotype and function of all immune cells that play pathogenic role in the development and progression of ALF.MSCs in juxtacrine and paracrine manner attenuate antigen-presenting properties of dendritic cells and macrophages,reduce production of inflammatory cytokines in T lymphocytes,suppress hepatotoxicity of natural killer T(NKT)cells and promote generation and expansion of immunosuppressive T,B and NKT regulatory cells in acutely inflamed liver.Due to their nano-sized dimension and lipid envelope,intravenously injected MSC-derived exosomes(MSC-Exos)may by-pass all biological barriers to deliver MSC-sourced immunoregulatoy factors directly into the liver-infiltrated immune cells and injured hepatocytes.Results obtained by us and others revealed that intravenous administration of MSCs and MSC-Exos efficiently attenuated detrimental immune response and acute inflammation in the liver,suggesting that MSCs and MSC-Exos could be considered as potentially new remedies in the immunotherapy of ALF.In this review,we emphasize the current knowledge about molecular and cellular mechanisms which are responsible for MSC-based modulation of liver-infiltrated immune cells and we discuss different insights regarding the therapeutic potential of MSCs in liver regeneration.展开更多
基金supported by the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization(ECCO)(Grant“The Role of Galectin 3 in Acute Colitis”)Serbian Ministry of Science(Grant Nos.ON175069 and ON175103),Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac(Grant No.MP01/18).
文摘Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells(MSC-Exos)are nano-sized extracellular vesicles enriched with bioactive molecules,such as microRNAs,enzymes,cytokines,chemokines,immunomodulatory,trophic,and growth factors.These molecules regulate the survival,phenotype,and function of malignant and tumor-infiltrated immune cells.Due to their nano-size and bilayer lipid envelope,MSC-Exos can easily bypass biological barriers and may serve as drug carriers to deliver chemotherapeutics directly into the tumor cells.Here,we summarize current knowledge regarding molecular mechanisms responsible for MSC-Exos-dependent modulation of tumor progression and discuss insights regarding the therapeutic potential of MSC-Exos in the treatment of malignant diseases.
文摘Acute liver failure(ALF)is a severe and life-threatening condition in which rapid deterioration of liver function develops in a patient who has no preexisting liver disease.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are immunoregulatory stem cells which are able to modulate phenotype and function of all immune cells that play pathogenic role in the development and progression of ALF.MSCs in juxtacrine and paracrine manner attenuate antigen-presenting properties of dendritic cells and macrophages,reduce production of inflammatory cytokines in T lymphocytes,suppress hepatotoxicity of natural killer T(NKT)cells and promote generation and expansion of immunosuppressive T,B and NKT regulatory cells in acutely inflamed liver.Due to their nano-sized dimension and lipid envelope,intravenously injected MSC-derived exosomes(MSC-Exos)may by-pass all biological barriers to deliver MSC-sourced immunoregulatoy factors directly into the liver-infiltrated immune cells and injured hepatocytes.Results obtained by us and others revealed that intravenous administration of MSCs and MSC-Exos efficiently attenuated detrimental immune response and acute inflammation in the liver,suggesting that MSCs and MSC-Exos could be considered as potentially new remedies in the immunotherapy of ALF.In this review,we emphasize the current knowledge about molecular and cellular mechanisms which are responsible for MSC-based modulation of liver-infiltrated immune cells and we discuss different insights regarding the therapeutic potential of MSCs in liver regeneration.
