Effect of Sulfur Fertilization on Productivity and Grain Zinc Yield of Rice Grown under Low and Adequate Soil Zinc Applications

This study aimed to investigate the responses in rice(Oryza sativa cv.Osmancik 97)production and grain zinc(Zn)accumulation to combined Zn and sulfur(S)fertilization.The experiment was designed as a factorial experiment with two Zn and three S concentrations applied to the soil in a completely randomized design with four replications.The plants were grown under greenhouse conditions at low(0.25 mg/kg)and adequate(5 mg/kg)Zn rates combined with S(CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O)application(low,2.5 mg/kg;moderate,10 mg/kg,and adequate,50 mg/kg).The lowest rate of S at adequate soil Zn treatment increased grain yield by 68%compared with the same S rate at low Zn supply.Plants with the adequate S rate at low Zn and adequate Zn supply produced the highest grain yield,with increases of 247%and 143%compared with low S rate at low Zn and adequate Zn supply,respectively.The concentration of grain Zn and S responded differently to the applied S rates depending on the soil Zn condition.The highest grain Zn concentration,reaching 41.5 mg/kg,was observed when adequate Zn was supplied at the low S rate.Conversely,the adequate S rate at the low soil Zn conditions yielded the highest grain S concentration.The total grain Zn uptake per plant showed particular increases in grain Zn yield when adequate S rates were applied,showing increases of 208%and 111%compared with low S rate under low and adequate soil Zn conditions,respectively.The results indicated that the synergistic application of soil Zn and S improves grain production and grain Zn yield.These results highlight the importance of total grain Zn yield in addition to grain Zn concentration,especially under the growth conditions where grain yield shows particular increases as grain Zn is diluted due to increased grain yield by increasing S fertilization.

A sustainable integration of removing CO_(2)/NO_(x) and producing biomass with high content of lipid/protein by microalgae

Due to the boost of CO_(2)/NO_(x)emissions which cause environmental pollution,processes that remove such pollutants from flue gas have attracted increasing attention in recent years.Among these technologies,biological CO_(2)/NO_(x)emission reduction has received more interest.Microalgae,a kind of photosynthetic microorganism,offer great promise to convert CO_(2)/NO_(x)to biomass with high content of lipid and protein,which can be used as feedstock for various products such as biodiesel,health products,feedstuff and biomaterials.In this paper,biological CO_(2)/NO_(x)removing technologies by microalgae,together with the products(such as biofuel and protein)and their economic viability are discussed.Although commercial applications of microalgae for biodiesel and protein products are hampered by the high production cost of biomass,the use of CO_(2)/NO_(x)from flue gas as carbon and nitrogen sources can reduce the cost of biomass production,which makes these technologies more competent for real-life applications.Moreover,it is projected that the increasing in CO_(2)allowances will lead to further reduction in the cost of biomass production,which especially favors related products with lower values such as biodiesel.Furthermore,by combining various process optimization and integration,biorefinery is proposed and considered as the crucial component for the sustainable and economically feasible bulk applications of microalgae biomass.

The Quantitative Characterization of Heterogeneity Using Nanometer CT Technique on the Shale Reservoir

1 Introduction The unconventional shale oil - gas energy, with a huge resource potential, has attracted lots of attention in the world. The occurrence, a accumulation ability and even the flow of the shale oil - gas are seriously affected by characteristics of the reservoir space.

Fractal Characteristics of Shale Reservoir Based on the High-pressure Mercury Injection Method

1 Introduction Shale of continental basin of east China general is a product of lake face, from shallow lake to deep lake. It is also a good cap rock to prevent oil and gas emission. The shale generally has bigger special surface area, its pore is small, its structure is complex, and it is easy to absorb water, so the general method is very difficult to accurately describe its pore structure.

Talk about the Difference and Connection between Conventional and Unconventional Oil

As all the nations in the world demand for more and more oil and gas resources and it is decreasing continually, unconventional oil and gas with the large resource potential gradually become the new exploration areas. Unconventional oil has been attached great importance by countries and companies.

Desorption Behavior of Coalbed Gas and its Anisotropy Within High Rank Coal Reservoir in the Zhengzhuang Block of the Southern Qinshui Basin,China

1 Introduction With the exploration and development of coalbed methane （CBM）, there has been a growing interest in the coalbed gas desorption behavior and its geological controls. To date, two primary species including the desorption rate and desorption velocity of the coalbed gas have been studied widely （e.g. Pollard and Aydin, 1998; Chen et al., 2008; Liu et al., 2012）.

Layered double hydroxides functionalization toward rechargeable batteries Author links open overlay panel

Layered double hydroxides(LDHs),known as typical two-dimensional materials with unique physicochemical properties,are regarded as promising candidates in energy storage fields.However,some inherent defects,such as poor conductivity and limited active sites,hinder the further development of LDHs.Recently,various functionalization strategies(e.g.,intercalation of guest molecules;metal ions doping and defect introduction of host layer;exfoliation to monolayer;hybridization with functional materials;construction of hierarchical structure;interface engineering and phase transformation)have been used to modify the characteristics of LDHs,which provides guidance for designing novel nanomaterials.In this review,we discuss how these strategies improve the properties of LDH-based materials,which are expected to possess high electronic and ionic conductivity,high specific surface area and high mechanical and chemical stability etc.Moreover,the application of LDH-based materials in advanced energy conversion and storage techniques,including metal-ions batteries,lithium-sulfur batteries and metal-air batteries,have been comprehensively summarized.

Hydrothermal synthesis of triangular CeCO3OH particles and photoluminescence properties

Ru/CeO_2[RC] and Ru/CeO_2/ethylene glycol（EG） [RCE] nanoparticles were produced by performing a simple hydrothermal reaction at 200℃ for 24 h and found to have two distinct morphologies. The RC nanoparticles are phase pureCeO_2; triangular highly crystallineCeCO_3OH nanoparticles are formed from the solution containing EG under the same hydrothermal reaction conditions at p H 8.5. EG plays an important role in the formation of the triangularCeCO_3OH nanoparticles. The polycrystallineCeCO_3OH nanoparticles retain their triangular structure even after calcination at 600℃in air but are transformed into a pureCeO_2 phase. The room temperature photoluminescence of the RC and RCE nanoparticles and of RCE calcined at 600℃[RCE-600] was also investigated. It was found that the high crystallinity triangular RCE-600 sample exhibits the highest photoluminescence intensity.