Prevalence of Anemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective Anemia is a common public health concern in patients with type 2 diabetes worldwide.This study aimed to identify the prevalence of anemia among patients with diabetes.Methods Electronic databases,including PubMed,Scopus,Web of Sciences,and Google Scholar,were searched systematically for studies published between 2010 and 2021.After removing duplicates and inappropriate reports,the remaining manuscripts were reviewed and appraised using theNewcastleOttawa Scale(NOS)tool.A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled estimates of the extracted data using Stata version 17.Heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using the Q statistic.Results A total of 51 articles containing information on 26,485 patients with diabetes were included in this study.The articles were mainly from Asia(58.82%)and Africa(35.29%).The overall prevalence of anemia was 35.45%(95%CI:30.30–40.76),with no evidence of heterogeneity by sex.Among the two continents with the highest number of studies,the prevalence of anemia in patients with diabetes was significantly higher in Asia[40.02;95%CI:32.72–47.54]compared to Africa[28.46;95%CI:21.90–35.50](P for heterogeneity=0.029).Moreover,there has been an increasing trend in the prevalence of anemia in patients with diabetes over time,from[15.28;95%CI:9.83–22.21]in 2012 to[40.70;95%CI:10.21–75.93]in 2022.Conclusion Globally,approximately 4 in 10 patients with diabetes suffer from anemia.Therefore,routine anemia screening and control programs every 3 months might be useful in improving the quality of life of these patients.

Targeting miRNA by CRISPR/Cas in cancer:advantages and challenges

Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)has changed biomedical research and provided entirely new models to analyze every aspect of biomedical sciences during the last decade.In the study of cancer,the CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein(Cas)system opens new avenues into issues that were once unknown in our knowledge of the non-coding genome,tumor heterogeneity,and precision medicines.CRISPR/Cas-based geneediting technology now allows for the precise and permanent targeting of mutations and provides an opportunity to target small non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs(miRNAs).However,the development of effective and safe cancer gene editing therapy is highly dependent on proper design to be innocuous to normal cells and prevent introducing other abnormalities.This study aims to highlight the cutting-edge approaches in cancer-gene editing therapy based on the CRISPR/Cas technology to target miRNAs in cancer therapy.Furthermore,we highlight the potential challenges in CRISPR/Cas-mediated miRNA gene editing and offer advanced strategies to overcome them.

Biotic and abiotic stress-responsive genes are stimulated to resist drought stress in purple wheat

Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1(GZ1) is a drought-tolerant local purple wheat cultivar. It is not clear how purple wheat resists drought stress, but it could be related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this study, transcriptome data from droughttreated samples and controls were compared. Drought slightly reduced the anthocyanin, protein and starch contents of GZ1 grains and significantly reduced the grain weight. Under drought stress, 16 682 transcripts were reduced, 27 766 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were identified, and 379 DEGs, including DREBs, were related to defense response. The defense-response genes included response to water deprivation, reactive oxygen, bacteria, fungi, etc. Most of the structural and regulatory genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis were downregulated, with only Ta DFR, Ta OMT, Ta5,3GT, and Ta MYB-4 B1 being upregulated. Ta CHS, Ta F3H, TaCHI, Ta4CL, and TaF3’H are involved in responses to UV, hormones, and stimulus. Ta CHS-2D1, Ta DFR-2D2, Ta DFR-7D, TaOMT-5A, Ta5,3 GT-1B1, Ta5,3GT-3A, and Ta5,3GT-7B1 connect anthocyanin biosynthesis with other pathways, and their interacting proteins are involved in primary metabolism, genetic regulation, growth and development, and defense responses. There is further speculation about the defense-responsive network in purple wheat. The results indicated that biotic and abiotic stress-responsive genes were stimulated to resist drought stress in purple wheat GZ1, and anthocyanin biosynthesis also participated in the drought defense response through several structural genes.

Global sensitivity analysis of wheat grain yield and quality and the related process variables from the DSSAT-CERES model based on the extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test method

A crop growth model,integrating genotype,environment,and management factor,was developed to serve as an analytical tool to study the influence of these factors on crop growth,production,and agricultural planning.A major challenge of model application is the optimization and calibration of a considerable number of parameters.Sensitivity analysis(SA) has become an effective method to identify the importance of various parameters.In this study,the extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test(EFAST) approach was used to evaluate the sensitivity of the DSSAT-CERES model output responses of interest to 39 crop genotype parameters and six soil parameters.The outputs for the SA included grain yield and quality(take grain protein content(GPC) as an indicator) at maturity stage,as well as leaf area index,aboveground biomass,and aboveground nitrogen accumulation at the critical process variables.The key results showed that:(1) the influence of parameter bounds on the sensitivity results was slight and less than the impacts from the significance of the parameters themselves;(2) the sensitivity parameters of grain yield and GPC were different,and the sensitivity of the interactions between parameters to GPC was greater than those between the parameters to grain yield;and(3) the sensitivity analyses of some process variables,including leaf area index,aboveground biomass,and aboveground nitrogen accumulation,should be performed differently.Finally,some parameters,which improve the model’s structure and the accuracy of the process simulation,should not be ignored when maturity output as an objective variable is studied.

Insights into tertiary lymphoid structures in the solid tumor microenvironment: anti-tumor mechanism, functional regulation, and immunotherapeutic strategies

Tertiary lymphoid structures(TLSs)are ectopic immune cell aggregations that develop in peripheral tissues in response to a wide range of chronic inflammatory conditions,including infection,autoimmune disease,and cancer.In the tumor microenvironment(TME),the structures of TLSs,including B-cell-and T-cell-enriched areas indicate that the TLSs might be the local site during the initiation and maintenance of humoral and cellular immune responses against cancers.Numerous studies have evaluated the expression of TLSs in different cancer patients and their association with prognoses of cancer patients.It was shown that welldeveloped TLSs characterized by mature B cells synthesized tumor specific antibodies,which were considered as specific markers for a good prognosis.However,there are still some immunosuppressive factors existing in the TLSs that may affect anti-tumor responses.These factors include dysfunctional B cells,regulatory T cells,and T follicular regulatory cells.The complexity and heterogeneity of the TLS composition may affect the function and activity of TLSs;it is therefore essential to fully understand the function and influencing factors in TLSs.It has been reported that checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines are currently being developed to reprogram the TME by establishing mature TLSs to improve cancer immunotherapies.In this review,we focused on recent advances in TLSs in human solid tumors,including structural characteristics and classes,antitumor mechanisms,immunosuppressive factors,and TLSbased therapeutic approaches.

Potential Compressive Sites of the Anterior Interosseous Nerve in the Proximal Forearm: An Anatomic Study

Background: The etiology and treatment of spontaneous paralysis variants of anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) syndrome remains controversial. Variation and multiple sites of potential compression complicate the successful performance of neurolysis. This anatomic study of the AIN and sites of potential compression in the proximal forearm facilitates critical steps involved in neurolytic procedures and management. Methods: Upper extremities of twelve cadavers were examined to evaluate potential sites of AIN compression in the proximal forearm. Potential sites of musculoaponeurotic compression were evaluated, including: lacertus fibrosus;inferior fibrous arch of the humeral head of the pronator teres (PT) muscle;inferior fibrous arch of the ulnar head of the PT muscle;fibrous arch in the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscle;Gantzer’s muscle;and vascular structures near the AIN and median nerve. Results: The AIN arose at a mean distance of 54.5 mm distal to the elbow from the posterior (n = 9) or ulnar side (n = 3) of the median nerve. Relative positions of AIN branches were variable. A fibrous arch was found between the lacertus fibrosus and the PT in two cases. Nine cadavers had two fibrous arches in the PT and FDS, and three cadavers had one arch. An accessory head in the FDS was found to be a risk of AIN compression. Gantzer’s muscle was present in six cases, crossing the AIN superficially. Two potentially compressive vascular arches were identified. Conclusions: Our observations confirm that multiple musculoaponeurotic and/or vascular structures can contribute to AIN compression in the proximal forearm. Understanding the complex anatomic relationships of this nerve is crucial to improving outcomes of neurolysis in cases of non-regressive AIN paralysis.

Long-Term Prognosis of Different Reperfusion Strategies for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Chinese County-Level Hospitals:Insight from China Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry

Objective To evaluate the long-term prognosis of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)treated with different reperfusion strategies in Chinese county-level hospitals Methods A total of 2,514 patients with STEMI from 32 hospitals participated in the China Acute Myocardial Infarction registry between January 2013 and September 2014.The success of fibrinolysis was assessed according to indirect measures of vascular recanalization.The primary outcome was 2-year mortality.Results Reperfusion therapy was used in 1,080 patients(42.9%):fibrinolysis(n=664,61.5%)and primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)(n=416,38.5%).The most common reason for missing reperfusion therapy was a prehospital delay>12 h(43%).Fibrinolysis[14.5%,hazard ratio(HR):0.59,95%confidence interval(CI)0.44–0.80]and primary PCI(6.8%,HR=0.32,95%CI:0.22–0.48)were associated with lower 2-year mortality than those with no reperfusion(28.5%).Among fibrinolysistreated patients,510(76.8%)achieved successful clinical reperfusion;only 17.0%of those with failed fibrinolysis underwent rescue PCI.There was no difference in 2-year mortality between successful fibrinolysis and primary PCI(8.8%vs.6.8%,HR=1.53,95%CI:0.85–2.73).Failed fibrinolysis predicted a similar mortality(33.1%)to no reperfusion(33.1%vs.28.5%,HR=1.30,95%CI:0.93–1.81).Conclusion In Chinese county-level hospitals,only approximately 2/5 of patients with STEMI underwent reperfusion therapy,largely due to prehospital delay.Approximately 30%of patients with failed fibrinolysis and no reperfusion therapy did not survive at 2 years.Quality improvement initiatives are warranted,especially in public health education and fast referral for mechanical revascularization in cases of failed fibrinolysis.

Overexpression of tuftelin and KLF-5 and its clinicopathological features in hepatitis B virusrelated hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective To analyze and evaluate the expressions and clinical value of tuftelin (TUFT1) and Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) tissues.Methods KLF5mRNA and TUFT1 mRNA transcriptional status in cancer and non-cancer groups were compared according to the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) database.The differences and prognostic value between the groups were analyzed.

Clinical features and risk factors for invasive fungal sinusitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patientswith invasive fungal sinusitis(invasive fungal rhinosinusitis,IFR)after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)and explored the risk factors for IFR after allo-HSCT.Methods Nineteen patients with IFR after allo-HSCT at Peking University People's Hospital from January 2012 to December 2021 were selected as the study group,and 95 patients without IFR after allo-HSCT during this period were randomly selected as the control group(1:5 ratio).Results Nineteen patients,including 10 males and 9 females,had IFR after allo-HSCT.The median age was 36(10-59)years.The median IFR onset time was 68(9-880)days after allo-HSCT.There wereseven patients with acute myeloid leukemia,five with acute lymphoblastic leukemia,two with myelodysplastic syndrome,two with chronic myeloid leukemia,one with acute mixed-cell leukemia,one with multiple myeloma,and one with T-lymphoblastic lymph node tumor.There were 13 confirmed cases and 6 clinically diagnosed cases.The responsible fungus was Mucor in two cases,Rhizopus in four,Aspergillus in four,and Candida in three.

ABCG2,ABCB5在皮肤黑素瘤中的共表达及意义

目的探讨ATP结合盒(ABC)转运体ABCG2,ABCB5在皮肤黑素瘤中的共表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化单/双重染色法检测30例皮肤黑素瘤、30例皮内痣及5例A375细胞移植瘤中ABCG2,AB-CB5的表达与共表达。结果①ABCG2在黑素瘤、皮内痣中阳性率分别为63.33%和0,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),阳性细胞率平均值分别为(25.50±9.47)%和0,前者明显高于后者,在A375细胞移植瘤中阳性率和阳性细胞率平均值分别为100.00%和(27.00±8.04)%;②ABCB5在黑素瘤、皮内痣中阳性率分别为73.33%和0,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),阳性细胞率平均值分别为(28.75±2.22)%和0,前者明显高于后者,在A375细胞移植瘤中阳性率和阳性细胞率平均值分别为100.00%和(30.50±4.66)%;③ABCG2和ABCB5在黑素瘤、皮内痣中共表达阳性率分别为60.00%和0,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),共表达阳性细胞率平均值分别为(23.00±2.94)%和0,前者明显高于后者,在A375细胞移植瘤中阳性率和阳性细胞率平均值分别为100.00%和(24.50±4.04)%。结论皮肤黑素瘤与A375细胞移植瘤中存在ABCG2,ABCB5的阳性表达和共表达,提示皮肤黑素瘤的多药耐药可能与ABCG2和ABCB5有关。

Risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a study of 1,587 patients

Objective: The purposes of this study were to identify risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis and to examine the association between BRAF^(V600E) status and clinical features in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC).Methods: A total of 1,587 patients with PTMC, treated in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from January2011 to March 2013, underwent retrospective analysis. We reviewed and analyzed factors including clinical results, pathology records, ultrasound results, and BRAF^(V600E) status.Results: Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that gender(male) [odds ratio(OR) = 1.845, P = 0.000], age(< 45 years)(OR = 1.606, P = 0.000), tumor size(> 6 mm)(OR = 2.137, P = 0.000), bilateralism(OR = 2.011, P = 0.000) and extrathyroidal extension(OR = 1.555, P = 0.001) served as independent predictors of central lymph node metastasis(CLNM).Moreover, CLNM(OR = 29.354, P = 0.000) served as an independent predictor of lateral lymph node metastasis(LLNM). Among patients with a solitary primary tumor, those with tumor location in the lower third of the thyroid lobe or the isthmus were more likely to experience CLNM(P < 0.05). Univariate analyses indicated that CLNM, LLNM, extrathyroidal extension, and multifocality were not significantly associated with BRAF^(V600E) mutation.Conclusions: The present study suggested that prophylactic neck dissection of the central compartment should be considered in patients with PTMC, particularly in men with tumor size greater than 6 mm, age less than 45 years, extrathyroidal extension, and tumor bilaterality. Among patients with PTMC, BRAF^(V600E) mutation is not significantly associated with prognostic factors. For a better understanding of surgical management of PTMC and the risk factors, we recommend multicenter research and long-term follow-up.

大白鼠淋巴结移植——功能结构和细胞学的变化以及影响其再生的因素

本实验研究了大白鼠肠系膜淋巴结移植后的结构、功能以及细胞学的变化。同时观察了白细胞间介素2(Il-2)和棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium Parum C.P.)对移植后淋巴结再生的影响。结果表明淋巴结移植后体积逐渐缩小,细胞成份不断减少,丧失了正常的组织结构和功能。而淋巴结移植后其输入淋巴管再生的失败是导致其退化的主要原因。IL-2可能具有调节淋巴结内再循环淋巴细胞的作用而有利于维持移植后淋巴结的完整性。

Avalanche activity and characteristics of its triggering factors in the western Tianshan Mountains,China

Snow avalanche is a serious threat to the safety of roads in alpine mountains. In the western Tianshan Mountains, large scale avalanches occur every year and affect road safety. There is an urgent need to identify the characteristics of triggering factors for avalanche activity in this region to improve road safety and the management of natural hazards. Based on the observation of avalanche activity along the national road G218 in the western Tianshan Mountains, avalanche event data in combination with meteorological, snowpack and earthquake data were collected and analyzed. The snow climate of the mountain range was examined using a recently developed snow climate classification scheme, and triggering conditions of snow avalanche in different snow climate regions were compared. The results show that snowfall is the most common triggering factor for a natural avalanche and there is high probability of avalanche release with snowfall exceeding 20.4 mm during a snowfall period. Consecutive rise in temperature within three days and daily mean temperature reaching 0.5℃ in the following day imply a high probability of temperaturerise-triggered avalanche release. Earthquakes have a significant impact on the formation of large size avalanches in the area. For the period 2011-2017, five cases were identified as a consequence of earthquake with magnitudes of 3.3≤M_L≤5.1 and source-to-site distances of 19~139 km. The Tianshan Mountains are characterized by a continental snow climate with lower snow density, lower snow shear strength and high proportion depth hoar, which explains that both the snowfall and temperature for triggering avalanche release in the continental snow climate of the Tianshan Mountains are lower than that in maritime snow climate and transitional snow climate regions. The findings help forecast avalanche release for mitigating avalanche disaster and assessing the risk of avalanche disaster.

Aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index in hepatitis C virus and Schistosomiasis coinfection

AIM: To assess the diagnostic accuracy,of aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI) alone and with antischistosomal antibody(Ab) in patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) and schistosomiasis coinfection. METHODS: This retrospective study included medical records of three hundred and eighty three Egyptianmen patients who had undergone percutaneous liver biopsy between January 2006 to April 2014 in tertiary care hospital in Qatar for diagnosis or monitoring purpose were selected. Data of patients > 18 years of age were included in the study. The values of HCV RNA titer and antischistosomal antibody titer were also taken into consideration. Patients were excluded from the study if they had any other concomitant chronic liver disease,including; history of previous antiviral or interferon therapy,immunosuppressive,therapy,chronic hepatitis B infection,human immunodeficiency virus co-infection,autoimmune hepatitis,decompensated liver disease,hepatocellular carcinoma,prior liver transplantation,and if no data about the liver biopsy present. RESULTS: Median age of patients was 46 years. About 7.1% had no fibrosis,whereas 30.4%,37.5%,20.4%,and 4.6% had fibrosis of stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ respectively. In bivariate analysis,APRI score,levels of AST,platelet count and age of patient showed statistically significant association with liver fibrosis(P < 0.0001); whereas antischistosomal antibody titer(P = 0.52) and HCV RNA titer(P = 0.79) failed to show a significant association. The respective AUC values for no fibrosis,significant fibrosis,severe fibrosis and cirrhosis of APRI score were 63%,73.2%,81.1% and 88.9% respectively. This showed good sensitivity and specificity of APRI alone for grading of liver fibrosis. But the inclusion of anti-Schistosoma antibody did not improve the prediction of fibrosis stage. CONCLUSION: The study results suggest that noninvasive biochemical markers like APRI are sensitive and specific in diagnosing the degree of fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with coinfection of HCV and schistosomiasis as compared to biopsy. The addition of antischistosomal Ab to APRI did not improve sensitivity for predicting the degree of cirrhosis.

有氧锻炼可有效提高面肱肌营养不良患者的运动能力

Exercise programs have been shown to increase strength and endurance in patien ts with myopathic disorders. The authors investigated the effect of aerobic trai ning in patients with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD). Twelve weeks of lowi ntense aerobic exercise improved maximal oxygen uptake and workload with no sign s of muscle damage. The authors conclude that aerobic training is a safe method to increase exercise performance in patients with FSHD.

The prognostic landscape of genes and infiltrating immune cells in cytokine induced killer cell treated-lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma

Objective:Patients with non–small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)respond differently to cytokine-induced killer cell(CIK)treatment.Therefore,potential prognostic markers to identify patients who would benefit from CIK treatment must be elucidated.The current research aimed at identifying predictive prognostic markers for efficient CIK treatment of patients with NSCLC.Methods:Patients histologically diagnosed with NSCLC were enrolled from the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital.We performed whole-exome sequencing(WES)on the tumor tissues and paired adjacent benign tissues collected from 50 patients with NSCLC,and RNA-seq on tumor tissues of 17 patients with NSCLC before CIK immunotherapy treatment.Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to analyze the association between clinical parameters and prognostic relevance.WES and RNA-seq data between lung squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)and adenocarcinoma(Aden)were analyzed and compared.Results:The pathology subtype of lung cancer was the most significantly relevant clinical parameter associated with DFS,as analyzed by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression(P=0.031).The patients with lung SCC showed better CIK treatment efficacy and extended DFS after CIK treatment.Relatively low expression of HLA class II genes and checkpoint molecules,and less immunosuppressive immune cell infiltration were identified in the patients with lung SCC.Conclusions:Coordinated suppression of the expression of HLA class II genes and checkpoint molecules,as well as less immune suppressive cell infiltration together contributed to the better CIK treatment efficacy in lung SCC than lung Aden.

Hydrothermal synthesis of CoMoO_4/Co_(1-x)S hybrid on Ni foam for high-performance supercapacitors

Cobalt molybdate/non-stoichiometric cobalt sulfide（CoMoO4/Co1-xS） hybrid was in situ grown on nickel foam by a simple two-step hydrothermal process. The as-prepared CoMoO4/Co1-xS hybrid electrode possessed core-shell nanostructure, large surface area and high specific capacitance of 2250 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1. Using the hybrid as anode and activated carbon（AC） as cathode, an asymmetric supercapacitor of CoMoO4/Co1-xS//AC was fabricated. The optimized supercapacitor had large potential window of 1.6 V and high capacitance of 112 F g-1, resulting in high power density of 804.5 W kg-1 and energy density of 39.8 Wh kg-1. Furthermore, the supercapacitor exhibited an excellent long cycle life along with 86.4% specific capacitance retained after 5000 cycles. The superior performances and good stability of the asymmetric supercapacitor can be attributed to the unique structure of the two components in hybrid, and the positive synergistic effects of the hybrid electrodes. The facile preparation process and excellent performance presented here render the CoMoO4/Co1-xS hybrid as a promising candidate for energy storage device.

Impact of Irrigation Water Salinity on Germination and Seedling Growth of Egyptian Barley Cultivars

The aim of this research was to assess the influence of saline irrigation water which prepared to obtain salt stress of 0.31,3.21,5.74,8.28 and 12.86 dS/m on seed germination,and early seedling growth of 10 cultivars(Giza 123,124,125,126,127,129,130,134,135 and 2000)of Egyptian barley grown in clay loam soil.Germination was tested in germination cups filled with clay loam soil moistened with different concentrations of saline water,in the growth chambers condition.Results indicated that,the highest values of germinated seeds were recorded mainly at fresh water(0.31 dS/m)at all germination periods.Also,the maximum values were recorded at investigated barley cultivars Giza 126,127 and 2000 for three studied periods(3,5 and 7 d),while Giza 129,130 and 135 got the same trend where the highest values for germinated seeds attained at the 5 d,7 d and at 3 d were 9.5 seeds,respectively.Barley cultivar Giza 126 had significantly higher root length(4.07 cm),shoot length(11.75 cm),root fresh weight(48.2 mg),shoot fresh weight(101.1 mg),root dry weight(7.1 mg),shoot dry weight(6.6 mg)and seedling vigor index(13.44).The 6 kDa protein bands had the same increasing after salt stress in cultivars Giza 123,127,129,134 and 135.Barley cultivars in clay soil can be classified into barley cultivars Giza 126,127 and 2000 as highly tolerance and barley cultivar Giza 129,123 and 127 as moderately tolerance and the rest is less.

Effect of Egyptian Date Palm Pollen (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and Its Hydroethanolic Extracts on Serum Glucose and Lipid Profiles in Induced Diabetic Rats

Diabetes is a major health global problem that has reached alarming levels. The present study aims for studying the effect of date palm pollen (Phoenix dactylifera L.) El-Hayani cultivar on serum glucose and lipids profile in induced diabetic male albino rats. Palm pollen chemically analyzed besides chemical constituents, mineral contents, polyphenols and flavonoids. Male Albino rats (36 rats weight 170-190 gm) were divided into 6 groups. 1: Normal control (-), 2: Alloxanized diabetes control (+) (150 mg/Kg rat body weight). Diabetic groups 3 and 4 had 0.5%, 1.0% date palm pollen, respectively, also diabetic groups 5 and 6 had 100 ppm, 200 ppm date palm pollen extract, respectively. At the end of the experiment (4 weeks) rats were fasted overnight and anesthetized and blood samples were taken for analysis of serum glucose, lipids profile and renal-hepatic function parameters, relative organ weight data obtained are statistically analysis. Results showed that the major polyphenolic components were that e-vanillic acid (16.33 mg/100 g), pyrogallol (15.02 mg/100 g), epicatechin (11.04 mg/100 g), catechin (10.96 mg/100 g). While, date palm pollen was rich in hesperidin (8.84 mg/100 g), Kaempferol 3,2 p-coumaroyl glucose (6.92 mg/100 g), hesperitin (5.10 mg/100 g), rutin (3.11mg/100 g) as flavonoids components. Date palm pollen has high content of protein, calcium and iron (30.87 g/100 g, 510.82 and 236.50 mg/100 g), respectively. Also, serum glucose decreased significantly in diabetic groups (3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively) (179.47, 137.80, 156.77, 145.47 mg/100 mL, respectively). Lipids profile, renal and liver functions were improved significantly (P < 0.05) in diabetic groups which had date palm pollen or its extracts. It is concluded that the dried date palm pollen 1% in the diet and 200 ppm extract are more effective compared with controlling diabetes mellitus, also improve renal and liver functions. Diabetics are advised to eat date palm pollen and are considered treatment foods for Diabetes Mellitus.

Protective Effect of Ozone against Hemiscorpius lepturus Envenomation in Mice

Objective Scorpion （Hemiscorpius lepturus） stings are a public health concern in Iran, particularly in south and southwestern regions of Iran. The gold standard for the treatment of a scorpion sting is anti-venom therapy. However, immunotherapy can have serious side effects, such as anaphylactic shock （which can sometimes even lead to death）. The aim of the current study was to demonstrate the protective effect of ozone against toxicity induced by Hemiscorpius lepturus （H. lepturus） venom in mice. Methods Eight hours after the injection of ozone to the experimental design groups, the male mice were decapitated and mitochondria were isolated from five different tissues （liver, kidney, heart, brain, and spinal cord） using differential ultracentrifugation. Then, assessment of mitochondrial parameters including mitochondrial reactive oxidative species （ROS） production, mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP）, ATP level, and the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria was performed. Results Our results showed that H. lepturus venom-induced oxidative stress is related to ROS production and MMP collapse, which is correlated with cytochrome c release and ATP depletion, indicating the predisposition to the cell death signaling. Conclusion In general, ozone therapy in moderate dose can be considered as clinically effective for the treatment of H. lepturus sting as a protective and antioxidant agent.