Pharmacological targeting cGAS/STING/NF-κB axis by tryptanthrin induces microglia polarization toward M2 phenotype and promotes functional recovery in a mouse model of spinal cord injury

The M1/M2 phenotypic shift of microglia after spinal cord injury plays an important role in the regulation of neuroinflammation during the secondary injury phase of spinal cord injury.Regulation of shifting microglia polarization from M1(neurotoxic and proinflammatory type)to M2(neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory type)after spinal cord injury appears to be crucial.Tryptanthrin possesses an anti-inflammatory biological function.However,its roles and the underlying molecular mechanisms in spinal cord injury remain unknown.In this study,we found that tryptanthrin inhibited microglia-derived inflammation by promoting polarization to the M2 phenotype in vitro.Tryptanthrin promoted M2 polarization through inactivating the cGAS/STING/NF-κB pathway.Additionally,we found that targeting the cGAS/STING/NF-κB pathway with tryptanthrin shifted microglia from the M1 to M2 phenotype after spinal cord injury,inhibited neuronal loss,and promoted tissue repair and functional recovery in a mouse model of spinal cord injury.Finally,using a conditional co-culture system,we found that microglia treated with tryptanthrin suppressed endoplasmic reticulum stress-related neuronal apoptosis.Taken together,these results suggest that by targeting the cGAS/STING/NF-κB axis,tryptanthrin attenuates microglia-derived neuroinflammation and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury through shifting microglia polarization to the M2 phenotype.

Research advances of traffic medicine in China

Objective:To briefly introduce the increase in the number of motor vehicles in our country and main research advances of traffic medicine.Methods:To collect the relative data issued by government and the papers pulished in the newspapers or medical journals,and analyze them with combination of our own research work. Results:1.The number of motor vehicles in our country in 1997 was 680.02 times more than that in 1951,and increases t 42.0932 million from 1.5887 million over the past two decades(1978-1997)since the reform and opening,with net increase of 40.5045 million,increasing about 25 times.During the same period,the number of motorcycles increased to 20.2221 million from 104.3 thousand,increasing about 193 times.There were 4.4 hundred million bicycles,accounting for one third or the total world wide,Over 30% to 50% of eople in cities used bicycles as their transport tool when they go out.2.In the 1990's (9190 to 1997),the number of motor vehicles increased 1.85 times,while road traffic accidents(RATs) only increased 0.22 times,the deaths and the injuries 0.5 and 0.23 times only,respectively,indicating that the increasing tendency of RTAs and casualties was controlled to some extent.3.The prople of 21 to 45 years old were dominant among all casualties.The sequence of deaths in order was pedestrians(26.5%),vehicle drivers(24.8%),passengers(24.3%),bicyclists(18.4%)and others (6.1%).4.Concerning the accident causes,human faults accounted for 92.9%,83.6% of RTAs wre due to the faults of motor vehicle drivers,and 1.5% of RTAs were due to driving after drinking with deaths occupying 2.9% of the total.5.Proneness to RTSs:6%-8% of motor vehical drivers had proneness to RTA,causing 35%-40% fo the totoal RTAs.6.Various bio-impact machines were developed.The maximum impact velocity could reach 324 km/h.They can be used to induce impact injuries on different animals,at different patterns and even on different regions of body.7.The inflicting mechanisms for cranioserebral and chest impact injuries were investigated.Conclusions:1.With the rapid development of the economy and sharp increase of motor vehicles in China,RTAs also accordingly increase.The traffic administration and road construction,although being greatly improved,are still behind the increase of motor vehicles,which contradiction is still difficults resolved to update.2.In the next centrury,we should establish national database of traffic injuries,improve national emergency medical services system(EMSS)and the safety consciousness of road users,and comprehensively govern RTAs and traffic accident injuries.

Observation of Arctic surface currents using data from a surface drifting buoy

During the 10th Chinese Arctic scientific expedition carried out in the summer of 2019,the surface current in the high-latitude areas of the Arctic Ocean was observed using a self-developed surface drifting buoy,which was initially deployed in the Chukchi Sea.The buoy traversed the Chukchi Sea,Chukchi Abyssal Plain,Mendeleev Ridge,Makarov Basin,and Canada Basin over a period of 632 d.After returning to the Mendeleev Ridge,it continued to drift toward the pole.Overall,the track of the buoy reflected the characteristics of the transpolar drift and Chukchi Slope Current,as well as the inertial flow,cross-ridge surface flow,and even the surface disorganized flow for some time intervals.The results showed that:(1)the transpolar drift mainly occurs in the Chukchi Abyssal Plain,Mendeleev Ridge,and western Canada Basin to the east of the ridge where sea ice concentration is high,and the average northward flow velocity in the region between 79.41°N and 86.32°N was 5.1 cm/s;(2)the average surface velocity of the Chukchi Slope Current was 13.5 cm/s,and while this current moves westward along the continental slope,it also extends northwestward across the continental slope and flows to the deep sea;and(3)when sea ice concentration was less than 50%,the inertial flow was more significant(the maximum observed inertial flow was 26 cm/s,and the radius of the inertia circle was 3.6 km).

Identification and evaluation of shale oil micromigration and its petroleum geological significance

Taking the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation shale in Mahu Sag of Junggar Basin,NW China,as an example,core observation,test analysis,geological analysis and numerical simulation were applied to identify the shale oil micro-migration phenomenon.The hydrocarbon micro-migration in shale oil was quantitatively evaluated and verified by a self-created hydrocarbon expulsion potential method,and the petroleum geological significance of shale oil micro-migration evaluation was determined.Results show that significant micro-migration can be recognized between the organic-rich lamina and organic-poor lamina.The organic-rich lamina has strong hydrocarbon generation ability.The heavy components of hydrocarbon preferentially retained by kerogen swelling or adsorption,while the light components of hydrocarbon were migrated and accumulated to the interbedded felsic or carbonate organic-poor laminae as free oil.About 69% of the Fengcheng Formation shale samples in Well MY1 exhibit hydrocarbon charging phenomenon,while 31% of those exhibit hydrocarbon expulsion phenomenon.The reliability of the micro-migration evaluation results was verified by combining the group components based on the geochromatography effect,two-dimension nuclear magnetic resonance analysis,and the geochemical behavior of inorganic manganese elements in the process of hydrocarbon migration.Micro-migration is a bridge connecting the hydrocarbon accumulation elements in shale formations,which reflects the whole process of shale oil generation,expulsion and accumulation,and controls the content and composition of shale oil.The identification and evaluation of shale oil micro-migration will provide new perspectives for dynamically differential enrichment mechanism of shale oil and establishing a“multi-peak model in oil generation”of shale.

基于加权融合的语音表情多模态情感识别方法

当前的多模态融合方法未充分利用语音和表情模态之间的互补性,导致多模态情感识别的识别率较低。为解决上述问题,提出了一种基于加权融合的语音表情多模态情感识别方法。方法首先利用语音活动检测(Voice Activation Detection, VAD)算法提取语音关键帧;然后,利用信息熵建模情感产生是一个连续的过程,并提取表情关键帧;其次,为充分利用语音和表情模态之间的互补性,采用语音和表情关键帧对齐技术计算语音和表情权重。这些权重被输进特征融合层进行加权融合,有效地提高多模态情感识别的识别率;最后,在RML、eNTERFACE05和BAUM-1s数据集上的实验结果表明,该上述方法的识别率高于其它基准方法。

Emergent topological ordered phase for the Ising-XY model revealed by cluster-updating Monte Carlo method

The two-component cold atom systems with anisotropic hopping amplitudes can be phenomenologically described by a two-dimensional Ising-XY coupled model with spatial anisotropy.At low temperatures,theoretical predictions[Phys.Rev.A 72053604(2005)]and[arXiv:0706.1609]indicate the existence of a topological ordered phase characterized by Ising and XY disorder but with 2XY ordering.However,due to ergodic difficulties faced by Monte Carlo methods at low temperatures,this topological phase has not been numerically explored.We propose a linear cluster updating Monte Carlo method,which flips spins without rejection in the anisotropy limit but does not change the energy.Using this scheme and conventional Monte Carlo methods,we succeed in revealing the nature of topological phases with half-vortices and domain walls.In the constructed global phase diagram,Ising and XY-type transitions are very close to each other and differ significantly from the schematic phase diagram reported earlier.We also propose and explore a wide range of quantities,including magnetism,superfluidity,specific heat,susceptibility,and even percolation susceptibility,and obtain consistent and reliable results.Furthermore,we observed first-order transitions characterized by common intersection points in magnetizations for different system sizes,as opposed to the conventional phase transition where Binder cumulants of various sizes share common intersections.The critical exponents of different types of phase transitions are reasonably fitted.The results are useful to help cold atom experiments explore the half-vortex topological phase.

High entropy alloy electrocatalysts

Compared to traditional pure metals or alloys based on just one principal element,high entropy alloys(HEAs)exhibit notable structural and physical characteristics,drawing significant attention.While significant advancements have been made in the synthesis and utilization of HEAs,there is a lack of comprehensive understanding and systematic approach towards the rational design of electrocatalysts.This review begins by introducing the fundamental principles and impacts of HEAs,followed by an overview of traditional and emerging synthesis techniques;in particular,we categorize and critically analyze approaches.Subsequently,a detailed examination of the advancements and comparative performance of HEAs in specific electrocatalytic reactions is presented.The paper concludes by outlining the current challenges and opportunities associated with HEAs catalysts,along with offering personal insights on potential future developments.

Multiobjective Differential Evolution for Higher-Dimensional Multimodal Multiobjective Optimization

In multimodal multiobjective optimization problems(MMOPs),there are several Pareto optimal solutions corre-sponding to the identical objective vector.This paper proposes a new differential evolution algorithm to solve MMOPs with higher-dimensional decision variables.Due to the increase in the dimensions of decision variables in real-world MMOPs,it is diffi-cult for current multimodal multiobjective optimization evolu-tionary algorithms(MMOEAs)to find multiple Pareto optimal solutions.The proposed algorithm adopts a dual-population framework and an improved environmental selection method.It utilizes a convergence archive to help the first population improve the quality of solutions.The improved environmental selection method enables the other population to search the remaining decision space and reserve more Pareto optimal solutions through the information of the first population.The combination of these two strategies helps to effectively balance and enhance conver-gence and diversity performance.In addition,to study the per-formance of the proposed algorithm,a novel set of multimodal multiobjective optimization test functions with extensible decision variables is designed.The proposed MMOEA is certified to be effective through comparison with six state-of-the-art MMOEAs on the test functions.

Self-supported VO_(2) on polydopamine-derived pyroprotein-based fibers for ultrastable and flexible aqueous zinc-ion batteries

A conventional electrode composite for rechargeable zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)includes a binder for strong adhesion between the electrode material and the current collector.However,the introduction of a binder leads to electrochemical inactivity and low electrical conductivity,resulting in the decay of the capacity and a low rate capability.We present a binder-and conducting agent-free VO_(2) composite electrode using in situ polymerization of dopamine on a flexible current collector of pyroprotein-based fibers.The as-fabricated composite electrode was used as a substrate for the direct growth of VO_(2) as a self-supported form on polydopamine-derived pyroprotein-based fibers(pp-fibers@VO_(2)(B)).It has a high conductivity and flexible nature as a current collector and moderate binding without conventional binders and conducting agents for the VO_(2)(B) cathode.In addition,their electrochemical mechanism was elucidated.Their energy storage is induced by Zn^(2+)/H^(+) coinsertion during discharging,which can be confirmed by the lattice expansion,the formation of by-products including Zn_(x)(OTf)_(y)(OH)_(2x−y)·nH_(2)O,and the reduction of V^(4+)to V^(3+).Furthermore,the assembled Zn//pp-fibers@VO_(2)(B) pouch cells have excellent flexibility and stable electrochemical performance under various bending states,showing application possibilities for portable and wearable power sources.

基于混合现实技术和双目摄像头的遥操作机械臂系统研究与设计

本文旨在利用混合现实技术提升遥操作机械臂系统的操作准确性和效率,以满足现代工业的数字化和智能化需求。首先,对传统遥操作方法的局限性进行深入分析,阐述了混合现实技术在遥操作机械臂系统中的应用前景。其次,介绍了混合现实技术的原理和优势,着重说明了其如何提供直观、沉浸式的操作体验,并结合实时传感器数据和虚拟指导信息来提升操作水平。此外,本文对国内外遥操作机械臂和混合现实技术研究现状及其结合应用情况进行了系统综述,探讨了混合现实技术在遥操作机械臂系统中的应用模式和实现方法。研究内容主要包括实时重建与呈现三维环境、高精度遥操作机械臂控制策略、混合现实与遥操作机械臂交互设计三部分,具体涵盖了利用深度摄像头进行三维环境建模、将其与虚拟信息融合并呈现在混合现实设备中、机械臂预测和自适应控制策略的研究以及直观交互界面设计等方面。本研究响应国家政策,关注混合现实技术在工业领域的应用,对于提高工业自动化和智能化水平具有重要的理论和实践意义。

Identification of habitat suitability for the dominant zoonotic tick species Haemaphysalis flava on Chongming Island,China

Haemaphysalis ticks are pathogenic vectors that threaten human and animal health and were identified in Chongming,the third largest island in China.To understand the distribution of these ticks and determine their potential invasion risk,this study aimed to identify the habitat suitability of the dominant tick H.flava based on natural environmental factors.Geographic information system(GIS)images were combined with sample points from tick investigations to map the spatial distribution of H.flava.Data on 19 bioclimatic variables,environmental variables,and satellite-based landscapes of Chongming Island were retrieved to create a landcover map related to natural environmental determinants of H.flava.These data included 38 sites associated with the vectors to construct species distribution models with MaxEnt,a model based on the maximum entropy principle,and to predict habitat suitability for H.flava on Chongming Island in 2050 and 2070 under different climate scenarios.The model performed well in predicting the H.flava distribution,with a training area under the curve of 0.84 and a test area under the curve of 0.73.A habitat suitability map of the whole study area was created for H.flava.The resulting map and natural environment analysis highlighted the importance of the normalized difference vegetation index and precipitation in the driest month for the bioecology of H.flava,with 141.61 km^(2)(11.77%),282.94 km^(2)(23.35%),and 405.30 km^(2)(33.69%)of highly,moderately,and poorly suitable habitats,respectively.The distribution decreased by 135.55 km^(2) and 138.82 km^(2) in 2050 and 2070,respectively,under the shared socioeconomic pathway(SSP)1.2.6 climate change scenario.However,under SSP 5.8.5,the total area will decrease by 128.5 km^(2) in 2050 and increase by 151.64 km^(2) in 2070.From a One Health perspective,this study provides good knowledge that will guide tick control efforts to prevent the spread of Haemaphysalis ticks or transmission risk of Haemaphysalis-borne infections at the human-animal-environment interface on the island.

A Mathematical Model Exploring the Impact of Climatic Factors on Malaria Transmission Dynamics in Burundi

Mathematical modeling plays a crucial role in understanding the dynamics of malaria transmission and can provide valuable insights for designing effective control strategies. Malaria indeed faces significant challenges due to a changing climate, particularly in regions where the disease is endemic. This disease is significantly impacted by changes in climate, especially rising temperatures and fluctuating rainfall patterns. This study explores the influence of temperature and rainfall abundance on malaria transmission dynamics within the context of Burundi. We have constructed a deterministic model that integrates these climatic parameters into the dynamics of the human host-mosquito vector system. The model’s steady states and basic reproduction number, calculated using the next-generation method, reveal important insights. Numerical simulations demonstrate that both temperature and rainfall significantly influence mosquito population dynamics, leading to distinct effects on malaria transmission. Specifically, we observe that temperatures between 20˚C and 32˚C, along with rainfall ranging from 10 to 30 mm per month, create optimal conditions for mosquito development, thus driving malaria transmission in Burundi. Furthermore, our findings indicate a delayed relationship between rainfall and malaria cases. When rainfall peaks in a given month, malaria does not peak immediately but instead shows a lagged response. Similarly, when rainfall decreases, malaria incidence drops after a certain time lag. This same lagged effect is observed when comparing temperature with confirmed malaria cases in Burundi. These findings highlight the urgent need to consider climate factors in malaria control strategies.

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组7段Ⅱ类页岩油风险勘探突破及其意义

2019年长庆油田分公司针对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组73段(长73段)厚层泥页岩夹薄层粉—细砂岩类型的页岩油(Ⅱ类页岩油),部署城页1井和城页2井两口水平井开展风险勘探攻关试验,两口水平井试油分获121.38t/d和108.38t/d的高产油流,有力推动了Ⅱ类页岩油的勘探进程。重点利用城页1、城页2两口水平井及城页1井导眼井的岩心、薄片、测井及地球化学资料,对长73段Ⅱ类页岩油储层储集条件及资源潜力进行研究。研究表明,两口水平井水平段储层类型主要为厚层泥页岩夹多层薄层粉—细砂岩,单砂体的垂向单层厚度主要为1~5m、水平段砂体横向延伸长度主要分布在25~50m、侧向宽度主要为100~300m,单砂体规模较小。储层储集空间类型有粒间孔、溶蚀孔、粒内孔、晶间孔、有机质孔及裂缝等,其中粒间孔孔隙半径集中分布在0.1~3μm,最大可达21μm,导眼段和水平井段的储层中高导缝、裂缝发育且呈东西向展布。砂岩储层的孔隙度主要为6%~12%,渗透率一般小于0.3mD;泥页岩储层储集性能差,孔隙度一般小于2%,渗透率小于0.01mD。综合利用岩石热解法、石油醚抽提法、二氯甲烷萃取法等方法,对城80区块220km2范围内长73段泥页岩及砂岩可动烃页岩油资源量进行评价,初步评价结果约为(0.692~0.783)×10^8t。鄂尔多斯盆地长73段Ⅱ类页岩油分布面积约为1.5×10^4km^2,综合评价长73段Ⅱ类页岩油远景资源量达33×10^8t。

浅议中小型地勘单位转型发展中人才队伍建设

高水平人才队伍是构建地勘单位核心竞争力的需要,地勘单位要想高质量发展,必须重视人才的合理运用。当前中小型地勘单位人才队伍建设主要问题有:缺乏科研鼓励机制和人才培养平台,人才定位、使用不合理,考核、评优制度存在弊端等。建议:(1)重视培育科研人才的使命感和责任感;(2)用好现有人才;(3)细化激励措施,优化考核机制;(4)营造重视技术质量和成果转化的企业文化氛围。

脑缺血与DNA损伤

脑缺血再灌注时 ,细胞内氧自由基大量增加 ,直接参与神经元损伤 ,其机制与氧化DNA损伤有关。氧化DNA损伤主要包括DNA单链损伤和双链损伤。DNA单链损伤可造成多二磷酸腺苷 核糖多聚酶 (PARP)过度激活 ,并引起辅酶I(NAD+)衰竭 ,使细胞能量代谢障碍 ,最终导致细胞死亡。研究氧化DNA损伤的分子机制及寻找抑制DNA损伤的特异性药物 ,对于缺血性脑损伤的防治具有极其重要的意义。

炼化企业“三剂”包装物利用和处置现状调查研究

炼化企业生产过程中需要采购和使用大量的"三剂",随之产生废包装物不仅总量多、体积大、占地大,而且大部分已被列为危险废物,存在出路不畅、利用处置难、外委处置费用高等问题,已成为企业的环保难题,给企业带来了沉重负担。对国内7家炼化企业"三剂"包装物利用、处置现状进行了调查,分析合规有效的利用方式并总结了各企业的减量效果,对于其他企业具有一定的借鉴意义。同时,针对现阶段企业在工作中存在的不足,提出了优化建议。

再结晶区轧制工艺参数对X80管线钢组织及织构的影响

通过单道次和双道次热模拟实验,研究了变形量20%~50%在980、1000、1020℃变形温度、1000℃下不同变形量(25%~40%)以及1000℃变形后间隔不同时间(1~20 s)的再结晶区的轧制过程。结合金相检测、电子背散衍射(EBSD)及X-射线衍射(XRD)等检测方法表征和分析了变形过程中的间隔时间、变形温度和变形量对晶粒尺寸、解理单元尺寸以及织构的影响。结果表明,随着再结晶间隔时间的减少、再结晶区变形温度的降低和变形量的增加,组织晶粒尺寸和解理单元尺寸均细化显著。当变形温度降低至980℃时,可获得更多的{110}滑移面,使得韧性提高。

海南儋州农用地土壤速效磷和速效钾的空间变异

综合运用统计学和地理信息技术,以海南省儋州市作为研究区域,对农业用地土壤速效磷、速效钾空间变异进行分析。结果表明:儋州农业用地土壤速效磷平均含量为13.15 mg·kg^(-1),总体水平中等,变异系数达163.99%,属强度变异,空间变程约为12.03 km,C0/(C0+C)值为66.68%;速效钾平均含量为36.49 mg·kg^(-1),总体水平较低,变异系数为78.02%,属中度变异,空间变程约为12.10 km,C0/(C0+C)值为63.80%。两者均属中等程度的空间相关性,Kriging插值分析得两者在空间上均呈嵌套分布,其中,速效磷变异较大,以3级水平分布范围最广,中北部、中东部较高,其余区域(北部、中部、南部、中西部)逐渐降低;速效钾变异比速效磷稍弱,以5级水平分布范围最广,南部、东部、北部集中呈大块状分布。这种空间分布可能与当地的地表形态、地质状况及土地利用、管理方式等有关。

树鼩腺病毒TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

目的通过建立树鼩腺病毒(tree shrew adenovirus,TAV)TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,快速准确地检测树鼩腺病毒。方法根据TAV全基因组3’端保守序列设计合成特异性引物;用含目的基因片段的重组质粒作为标准品进行标准曲线绘制,建立TAV TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果建立的TAV实时荧光定量PCR检测方法特异性好,与树鼩源及其他物种常见病毒无交叉反应;方法的最低检测限度为每微升3.7拷贝,灵敏性强;相关检测系数R2为0.998,扩增效率为95.7%;扩增结果具有良好的线性关系,且重复性检测效果好。结论成功建立了TAV TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,灵敏度高,重复性好,可用于TAV感染的早期快速检测。

亚太地区慢性乙型肝炎治疗共识(2012最新版)

自2008年至今,有大量关于慢性HBV感染的自然史和治疗的最新数据不断涌现。其中包括慢性HBV感染的无症状感染者,以社区为基础的队列研究,HBV基因型的作用,非药物诱导的自然HBV变异型毒株,无创性肝纤维化评估方法的应用,HBsAg定量在临床中的应用,更有效的新治疗药物和新治疗方案等等。来自亚太地区的专家审查和评估了相关数据,并共同商讨了近年来报道的最有意义的发现,基于此,对2008年版的亚太地区慢性乙型肝炎治疗共识进行修订,同时对2008年版治疗指南定义的关键词组进行了修订。修订后的指南包括以下几方面内容:一般治疗,肝纤维化评价适应证,何时开始治疗或停药,初始抗病毒治疗药物的选择,如何监测治疗中和治疗后的患者。关于特殊人群的治疗建议中包括了对妊娠妇女,已发生耐药,合并其他病毒感染,肝功能失代偿,接受免疫抑制治疗、化疗,肝移植或肝细胞癌患者的具体治疗建议。