Satellite Communications with 5G, B5G, and 6G: Challenges and Prospects

Satellite communications, pivotal for global connectivity, are increasingly converging with cutting-edge mobile networks, notably 5G, B5G, and 6G. This amalgamation heralds the promise of universal, high-velocity communication, yet it is not without its challenges. Paramount concerns encompass spectrum allocation, the harmonization of network architectures, and inherent latency issues in satellite transmissions. Potential mitigations, such as dynamic spectrum sharing and the deployment of edge computing, are explored as viable solutions. Looking ahead, the advent of quantum communications within satellite frameworks and the integration of AI spotlight promising research trajectories. These advancements aim to foster a seamless and synergistic coexistence between satellite communications and next-gen mobile networks.

Novel Air Purification System for Installation in Air Handling Units： Development, Assembly and Experimental Analysis

Nowadays, people pass 90% of their time in closed spaces, therefore, an increasing care in the creation and upkeep of healthier environments as a personal and as professional level become a major issue. The present project has as goal the verification and optimization of the implicit need of an OCRAMclima~ AHU （air handling units） in IAQ （indoor air quality） and its effectiveness in treatment and/or air purification, having as basis the legal national and European requirements for IAQ. This work was based on the study of the state of the art of the techniques in air purification and in the evaluation of their performance, culminating in the production of the prototype OCRAMclima~ NPS （nano purifying system）. The purifying phenomena involved are UVGI （ultraviolet germicidal irradiation） and catalytic ionization of air. The performance test was accomplished in a closed loop circuit, which results, obtained by an independent IAQ analyst, were satisfactory, indicating the viability of application of this system to indoor air disinfection. The outcome revealed that the conjugating of both phenomena, the air sterilizing by UV and catalytic ionization, is efficient when used for air purification, mainly for volatile organic compounds and bioaerosols.

Effect of sinter layer porosity distribution on flow and temperature fields in a sinter cooler

When sinters are filled into the sinter cooler from the sintering machine, it is commonly seen that, due to segregation effects, sinters of larger size usually accumulate closer to the inner wall of the sinter cooler, whereas those of smaller size are to the outer wall. This nonuniform distribution of sinters has led to uneven cooling effect throughout the cooler. This causes the sinters leaving the cooler at a large temperature difference. This undesired temperature difference leads to the deformation and even the destruction of the conveyors. The computational fluid dynamics （CFD） technique was used in the present work to investigate the heat and fluid flow phenomena within the sinter cooler corresponding to the different distribution of sinter layer porosity, which was highly dependent on the arrangement and orientation of sinters within the sinter cooler. It is confirmed that a high mass flow rate within the sinter layer causes a low temperature region and vice versa. The flow fields for vertically reducing porosity distribution and random distribution are almost identical indicating the relative insignificance of convective heat transfer mechanism.

An RFID system for roll number identification

Improving efficiency in roll grinding process is a critical issue in the steel mill.Each roll has to be grinded to a well-defined profile and then to be measured for quality check.However,the surface conditions are inspected by using different on-line inspection probes equipped on the grinder.The roll number is a unique information which can be used to merge with a huge amount of measurement data so that the condition of each roll is fully monitored.One of the key factors that hinder the efficiency in such process is the errors and time consumption due to human intervention.In order to mitigate these issues and to realize the fully automatic grinding process,radio frequency identification technology（RFID） could be a solution and has been developed in this paper.It is well known that when an RFID tag is placed directly upon a metallic object,in the absence of a gap or a substrate,it functions rather poorly and even becomes totally dysfunctional.This limitation,in turn,poses a real barrier to the use of the RFID on metallic objects.This paper proposes a miniature RFID tag antenna design for application on roll number identification.The experimental tests show that the maximum read range of the proposed RFID tag placed on a roll is approximately 1.5m and the overall size is only 32×18×3.2 mm;.An RFID system for roll number identification was used in a roll shop and several remarkable improvements were achieved,including the completely automatic grinding process and the error-free identification,as well as the high personnel safety operation.

Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization as a Diagnostic Tool in Cancer

The knowledge of the primary origin of tumor is essential in designing an efficient cancer treatment algorithm. Useful diagnostic tools enable determination of primary origin of the tumor;however the majority of them require tissue examination. Recent years, exploration of circulating tumor cells enabled scientists to study different parameters using the painless liquid biopsy. The present study aimed to identify whether aCGH might be used as a diagnostic tool in cancer detecting the primary origin of the tumor. Blood was extracted from healthy individuals and cancer samples and CTCs isolated. DNA extracted from the above samples and aCGH experiments followed. The samples were blinded analyzed and then unmasked to calculate specificity and sensitivity of the method. The sensitivity was 94%, the specificity 88%, while the positive prediction rate of the primary tumor was 72%. aCGH is a powerful tool in cancer diagnosis and treatment plan with high sensitivity and specificity rates. It can be performed from blood sample, which makes it an appropriate method for every patient, mainly for patients with unknown origin of the primary tumor.

Alternate Two Different Modes of Actions of Green Chemicals to Combat Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick and Cadra cautella Walk on Date Palm Fruit, Egypt

Alternate two different modes of actions of green chemicals： spinosad ＆ methoxyfenozide to combat the lesser date moth, Batrachedra amydraula and the Almond moth, Cadra cautella Walk on dates in Dakhla Oasis, New Valley, Egypt were done in 2010 and 201 I. Based on infestation of the early insect pest B. amydraula, the three-rotation program with basic 1st spray of spinosad 24 SC at 20 mL/100 L showed insignificant difference. Based on minimum effective rotation doses, alternating spinosad 24 SC at 20 mL/100 L, then methoxyfenozide 24 SC at 15 mL/100 L with two-week interval showed zero infestation and 1.8% at the last sample of 2010 and 2011, respectively. Based on infestation of the late insect pest, Cadra spp., tlhe same previous trend of the three-rotation results. Based on minimum effective rotation doses, alternating spinosad 24 SC at 20 mL/100 L, then methoxyfenozid 24 SC at 15 mL/100 L with three-week interval indicated less than 1% and 1% infestation during harvest for 2010 and 201 l, respectively. The last reflected important value when storing the fruit. Both products proved to be working under dry hot high temperatures.

Modelling of Predictive Hydraulic Impacts of a Potential Radioactive Waste Geological Repository on the Meuse/Haute-Marne Multilayered Aquifer System (France)

The French National Agency for Nuclear Waste Management (Andra) conducted a site investiga- tions program within the project of a deep geological disposal of radioactive waste in the Meuse/ Haute-Marne region. The construction of the tunnel of 5 Km length and the shafts of about 500 m depth to access the repository located in the clay host formation of Callovo-Oxfordian age, will lead to the perturbations of the groundwater flow fields. The prediction of the behaviour of these perturbations is needed to support: 1) the engineering and monitoring operations, and 2) the assessment of the consequences on groundwater resources. A variably-saturated flow model of a local multi-layered aquifer system is developed. It integrates the Oxfordian aquifer (limestone), the Kimmeridgianaquitard (marl) and the Barrois limestone aquifer including the karst conduits network. The variably-saturated flow Richard’s equation is solved with a finite element simulator. Prior to the simulation of the predictive repository impacts, a transient flow model is calibrated with respect to Underground Research Laboratory (URL) construction data. The results are analysed and evaluated by the use of performance measures.

Rotate Two Different Mode of Actions of Green Chemicals to Combat Virachola livia （Klug） on Date Palm Fruit, Egypt

Alternation of two different modes of action of green chemicals： spinosad and methoxyfenozide to combat Virachola livia on dates in Dakhla Oasis, New Valley, Egypt, were done in 2010 and 2011. Based on infestation levels in fruit, the three spray programs including rotations with spinosad 24 SC at 20 mL/100 L were not significantly different. Based on minimum effective rotation doses, alternation of spinosad at 20 mL/100 L followed by methoxyfenozide 24 SC at 15 mL/100 L on a three-week interval showed 0.3% and 0.6% infestation, before harvest for 2010 and 2011, respectively, compared to check treatments which showed 33% and 70% infestations. Also, successful penetration and survival of V. livia （% live larvae） into the fruit by following a spinosad and methoxyfenozide rotation program resulted in 1.8% and 1% larvae, before harvest in 2010 and 2011, respectively, compared to fhait infestation levels of 97% and 89% in the untreated in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Fruit were penetrated by first instar larvae upon hatching, in case no chemical treatment. The last data reflect the excellent performance of this rotation. During the same period, reduction of the three rotation programs was 97.8%-100% and 99%-100% for 2010 and 2011, respectively. Both products proved to be working under dry hot temperatures in these areas.

Ground Penetrating Radar Survey for the Location and Assessment of the Hydrocarbon Plumes at Gas Station Installations

The present paper describes the implementation of GPR 3D survey for detecting and delineating possible remains of hydrocarbon plumes on a gas station. The 3D-imaging was used for the detection of anomalous zones that were analyzed with some relevant signal attributes extracted by digital signal processing. These signal attributes or parameters have been the frequency of the maximum energy concentration on time-frequency distribution and instantaneous amplitude that could be related to the local response of the electromagnetic interaction and the presence of hydrocarbon plumes or soil contaminated areas. The implementation methodology took place at a gas station monitored with a piezometric sensor installation with soil layer information. The 3D-imaging of processed data and its slicing tool permits visualizing expected targets as pipes, tanks and installations in the subsoil exposing the anomalous zones for refined analyses. This further processing has used some spectral attributes of the signal to assess the real presence of the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) providing a new effort to simplify and overcome the current state of the geophysical methods able to assess the presence of hydrocarbon plumes in industrial environments regarding the time cost of the survey and the traceable indication of the spectral shiftment shown in the plume volume.

Defects Detection of TFT Lines of Flat Panel Displays Using an Evolutionary Optimized Recurrent Neural Network

This paper proposes an evolutionary optimized recurrent neural network for inspection of open/short defects on thin film transistor (TFT) lines of flat panel displays (FPD). The inspection is performed on digitized waveform data of voltage signals that are captured by a capacitor based non-contact sensor through scanning over TFT lines on the surface of mother glass of FPD. Irregular patterns on the waveform, sudden deep falls (open circuits) or sharp rises (short circuits), are classified and detected by employing the optimized recurrent neural network. The topology parameters of the recurrent neural network are optimized by a multiobjective evolutionary optimization process using a selected training data set. This method is an extension to our previous work, which utilized a feed-forward neural network, to address the drawbacks in it. Experimental results show that this method can detect defects on more realistic and noisy data than both of the previous method and the conventional threshold based method.

Detection and Delineating of Hydrocarbon Contaminants by Using Time and Frequency Analysis of Ground Penetrating Radar

This paper provides the results of using ground penetrating radar (GPR) method to detect hydrocarbon products (diesel and gasoline) in a controlled lab test. The work addresses the environmental problem generated by the uncontrolled leakage of hydrocarbon products and the subsequent contamination of plumes in the subsoil. Most of the research proposes the geophysical techniques to evaluate the plumes but some controversial were discussed on how it affected the electrical and dielectric response depending on the excitation of the non-invasive method. The present work focuses on a comparative analysis of some signal attributes of the GPR traces to determine under what premises the detection is properly done. These signal attributes were from the time and frequency domain as attenuation coefficient, instantaneous amplitude and frequency have been considered to analyze three different soil samples. The laboratory tests consist of buried liquid (total hydrocarbon of petroleum, so called TPH) bags in the soil sample boxes reveal the range of target detection and consistency of data on the controlled test regarding the dielectric soil characterization and the delimiting position and depth. Instantaneous amplitude and time-frequency shift are revealed as promising signal attributes to accurate detection of the TPH presence. Numerical simulation data were also carried out to interpret the signal reflections on radargrams and to confirm experimental trends and the benefits of using the above signal attributes in time-frequency domain.

Simulation, Power Quality Analysis and Improvements in a Hot Rolling Mill Using a STATCOM

This paper presents an analysis of the electric power flows in a hot rolling mill plant using a power quality analyzer and developing simulation models with Matlab-Simulink. The model inputs have been taken from process data by the process computer of the plant. Data from different rolling campaigns have been analysed. A STATCOM （static synchronous compensator） with a control strategy based on voltage oriented control with d-q coordinates is used as solution to improve the reactive compensation as well as to minimize the voltage fluctuations and sags effect. The overall electric model has been simulated with the STATCOM to check the improvement in the voltage stability and the consumption.

Characterization of Atomization Processes in Suspension/Emulsion Sprays

The characterization of suspension/emulsion sprays plays a decisive role in many industrial processes. A good example of such a process is the drying of a milk spray to produce milk powder, where the process efficiency and product quality is typically controlled by atomization parameters like flow rate, pressure, etc.. However, these parameters influence directly the droplet size and droplet velocity distributions in a spray, so that optimizing a spray drying process often involves adjusting the spray to a desired droplet size and droplet velocity distribution. This requires a measurement technique capable of characterizing in real time, the droplets in a suspension/emulsion spray. To achieve this aim, we present developments to the well-known time-shift technique for spray measurements.

Advanced Reactive Power Control at Individual Residences to Smooth Energy Loss Fluctuation for a Clustered Grid-Interconnected PV System

Reactive power control can control voltage within the proper range from the power network side or from the distribution generation （PV （photovoltaic）） side. Reactive power control from the power network side is simpler because little controlled object apparatus, such as STATCOM, is required. However, it is difficult to optimize the individual voltages of residential consumers because few data have been obtained by the power network side as compared with the power generation side. Energy loss at each residence with PV is different due to the difference in the grid-interconnection condition, such as distribution line impedance when the same operating voltage is set at all residences. Therefore, in this paper, the authors propose an advanced reactive power control method for residential PV systems in order to optimally control the voltage at individual residences so as to minimize energy loss fluctuation. The effectiveness of the proposed reactive power control is demonstrated by numerical simulation.

Effectiveness of Optimal Arrangement of the Residences Operated by Reactive Power Control for a Clustered Grid-Interconnected PV System

There is a danger of power generation efficiency decreasing due to voltage increase when clustered residential PV systems are grid-interconnected to a single distribution line. As a countermeasure, installation of the reactive power control of an inverter at each residence has been considered. However, there are not many types of inverters that can operate reactive power control because there are insufficient effects on a low voltage distribution line with low penetration PV with reactive power control. Therefore, it is necessary to consider how to increase generation efficiency with a lower number of inverters. In this paper, four Japanese standard distribution line structures, for example of a residential area on ＂C1＂, where 2,160 residential PV systems are grid-interconnected, are selected. The optimal setting of reactive power control at each residence is computed on the distribution lines with a greedy method.

Cross-cultural Adaptation Analysis and Countermeasures of Overseas Chinese Students——Take University of Lincoln as an Example

This paper is an exploratory,empirical study of the Cross-Cultural Adaptation(CCA)issues of Overseas Chinese Stu⁃dents(OCS)studying at the University of Lincoln.The project identifies OCS own language proficiency,motivation of studying abroad and intercultural adaptation attitudes and strategies as the main influencing factors in students’CCA.Research methods in⁃clude Language class observation,a questionnaire survey and interviews.Additional data collection methods include using network communication tools to conduct interviews with OCS,such as Wechat,QQ,Skype and e-mail etc.Further analysis of its causes makes a meaningful contribution to practical strategies and suggestions on how to better develop and cultivate cross-cultural adapt⁃ability.

Tribological performance of novel nickel-based composite coatings with lubricant particles

The present study is focused on the evaluation of the tribological performance of novel Ni/h BN and Ni/WS_2 composite coatings electrodeposited from an additive-free Watts bath with the assistance of ultrasound. Lubricated and non-lubricated scratch tests were performed on both novel composite coatings and on standard Ni deposits used as a benchmark coating to have an initial idea of the effect of the presence of particles within the Ni matrix. Under lubricated conditions, the performance of the Ni/h BN composite coating was very similar to the benchmark Ni coating, whereas the Ni/WS_2 behaved quite differently, as the latter did not only show a lower coefficient of friction, but also prevented the occurrence of stick-slip motion that was clearly observed in the other coatings. Under non-lubricated conditions, whereas the tribological performance of the Ni/hBN composite coating was again very similar to that of the benchmark Ni coating, the Ni/WS_2 composite coatings again showed a remarkable enhancement, as the incorporation of the WS_2 particles into the Ni coating not only resulted in a lower coefficient of friction, but also in the prevention of coating failure.