Opportunities and challenges of real-time data in medicine

'Big data'is a popular concept,and such data are not difficult to collect in China.However,it is difficult to extract valuable information from big data and even more difficult to utilize real-time big data to obtain information.Taking the Children's Nation Medical Center as an example in this article,1 Bhattarai elucidates the drawbacks of using lagged data in guiding clinical practice and the clinical value of using real-time data.Analyses based on existing(lagged)or real-time data have their own strengths and weaknesses.Lagged data are often relatively perfect after being processed,but their use may result in the missing of key opportunities.

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Importance:The incidence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS)in children has increased year by year recently.Blood pressure research of OSAS children can help understand the occurrence of OSAS related complications.Early detection and intervention of blood pressure changes in children with OSAS can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease in later adulthood.Objective:To investigate the differences in blood pressure among different groups of snoring children and different sleep stages.Methods:Habitually snoring children(snoring frequency of≥3 nights per week)aged3 to 11 years were recruited from Beijing Children's Hospital from 1 January 2017 to 30 June 2018.All children underwent polysomnography,and their blood pressure was monitored and calculated by the pulse transit time.The children were divided into those with primary snoring(PS),mild OSAS,and moderate to severe OSAS according to their obstructive apnea-hypopnea index(OAHI).Results:In total,140 children were included.Ninety-seven had PS,24 had mild OSAS,and 19 had moderate to severe OSAS.There were no differences in age,sex,or body mass index z-score among the groups.Statistieally significant differences were found in the OAHI,oxygen desaturation index 3%,respiratory arousal index,and lowest oxygen saturation among the three groups.Children with moderate to severe OSAS had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure than those with mild OSAS andPS(P<0.001).In all children,systolic and diastolic blood pressure was higher in the rapid eye movement(REM)sleep stage than in the non-REM sleep stage(P<0.05).Interpretation:Children with moderate to severe OSAS had higher blood pressure than those with PS and mild OSAS in all sleep stages.Blood pressure in the REM sleep stage was higher than that in other sleep stages in all groups of children.