Efficiency of white lupin in the removal of mercury from contaminated soils: Soil and hydroponic experiments

This study examined the ability of the white lupin to remove mercury （Hg） from a hydroponic system （Hg concentrations 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 μmol/L） and from soil in pots and lysimeters （total Hg concentration （19.2 ± 1.9） mg/kg availability 0.07%, and （28.9 ± 0.4） mg/kg availability 0.09%, respectively）, and investigated the accumulation and distribution of Hg in different parts of the plant. White lupin roots efficiently took up Hg, but its translocation to the harvestable parts of the plant was low. The Hg concentration in the seeds posed no risk to human health according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, but the shoots should not be used as fodder for livestock, at least when unmixed with other fodder crops. The accumulation of Hg in the hydroponically-grown plants was linear over the concentration range tested. The amount of Hg retained in the roots, relative to the shoots, was almost constant irrespective of Hg dose （90%）. In the soil experiments, Hg accumulation increased with exposure time and was the greater in the lysimeter than in the pot experiments. Although Hg removal was the greater in the hydroponic system, revealing the potential of the white lupin to extract Hg, bioaccumulation was the greatest in the lysimeter-grown plants; the latter system more likely reflects the true behaviour of white lupin in the field when Hg availability is a factor that limits Hg removal. The present results suggest that the white lupin could be used in long-term soil reclamation strategies that include the goal of profitable land use in Hg-polluted areas.

CFD modelling:The most useful tool for developing mesoscale urban canopy parameterizations

1 Introduction The fact that most of the world’s population lives in cities(UN-Habitat 2016)has increased interest in urban meteorology.Mesoscale models,such as the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model(www.mmm.ucar.edu/weather-research-and-forecasting-model),are used to reproduce the meteorology and climatology over cities and around them,where the complex interactions between the atmosphere and urban surfaces(buildings,vegetation,urban obstacles,etc.)induce strong heterogeneity in the flow properties within the urban canopy layer(UCL)(Di Sabatino et al.2013;Lateb et al.2016;Tominaga and Stathopoulos 2016).