Obstacles for Iranian rural population to participate in health education programmes:a qualitative study

Objective To explore the obstacles of community participation in rural health education programmes from the viewpoints of Iranian rural inhabitants.Design This was a qualitative study with conventional content analysis approach which was carried out March to October 2016.setting Data collected using semistructured interviews that were digitally recorded,transcribed and analysed until data saturation.MAXQDA 10 software was used to manage the textual data.Participant Participants were twenty-two seven clients from a rural community in Ardabil,Iran who were receiving health services from health centres.result The main obstacles to participate in health education programmes in rural settings were‘Lack of trust to the rural health workers’,‘Adherence to neighbourhood social networks in seeking health information’and‘Lack of understanding on the importance of health education’.Conclusion Rural health education programmes in Iran are encountered with a variety of obstacles.We need to enhancing mutual trust between the rural health workers and villagers,and developing community-based education programmes to promote health information seeking behaviours among villagers.The finding of this study will be a referential evidence for the qualitative improvement of local health education programmes for rural inhabitants.

Association of risky driving behavior with psychiatric disorders among Iranian drivers:A case-control study

Purpose:This study aimed to investigate the possible association between psychological disorders and riskydriving behavior(RDB)in Iran.Methods:This case-control study conducted in Shiraz,Iran in 2021.The case group included drivers with psychological disorders and the control group included those without any disorders.The inclusion criteria for selecting patients were:active driving at the time of the study,being 18-65 years old,having a driving license,having a psychological disorder including depression,bipolar disorder,anxiety spectrum disorder,or psychotic disorder spectrum confirmed by a psychiatrist,and completing an informed consent form.The exclusion criterion was the existence of conditions that interfered with answering and understanding the questions.The inclusion criteria for selecting the healthy cases were:active driving at the time of the study,being 18-65 years old,having a driving license,lack of any past or present history of psychiatric problems,and completing an informed consent form.The data were gathered using a researcher-made checklist and Manchester driving behavior questionnaire.First,partition around medoids method was used to extract clusters of RDB.Then,backward logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between the independent variables and the clusters of RDB.Results:The sample comprised of 344(153 with psychological disorder and 191 without confirmed psychological disorder)drivers.Backward elimination logistic regression on total data revealed that share of medical expenditure≤10%of total household expenditure(OR=3.27,95%Cl:1.48-7.24),psychological disorder(OR=3.08,95%Cl:1.67-5.70),and substance abuse class(OR=6.38,95%CI:3.55-11.48)wereassociatedwithhighlevelof RDB.Conclusion:Substance abuse,psychological illnesses,and share of medical costs from total household expenditure were found to be main predictors of RDB.Further investigations are necessary to explain the impact of different psychological illnesses on driving behavior.