Electrochemical Performance and Capacity Fading Mechanism of LiFePO4 at Different pH Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

在一个包含 Li+ 水的电解质答案的 LiFePO4 的电气化学的稳定性极其依赖于水的答案的 pH 价值。pH 价值什么时候被增加到 11，在骑车之上在 LiFePO4 的能力显示出可观的腐烂。为褪色的能力负责的机制广泛地借助于周期的 voltammogram，交流阻抗，控告 / 解除，前 situ X 光检查衍射，和化学分析被调查。LiFePO4 是相对在有 pH=7 的 LiNO3 水的答案电气化学地稳定。但是在水的电解质的 LiFePO4 的电气化学的表演在器官的电解质低于那。它被归因于李和 Fe 的损失， P 溶解在在水的媒介的延长费用分泌物期间。A 猛抛在 LiFePO4 电极的表面上被形成。它导致水晶的结构，大电极极化，并且能力褪色的变化。

Evaluation of substrates for zinc negative electrode in acid PbO_2–Zn single flow batteries

An investigation was performed on the suitability of carbon materials, metallic lead and its alloys as substrates for zinc negative electrode in acid Pb O2–Zn single flow batteries. The zinc deposition process was carried out in the medium of 1 mol·L-1H2SO4 at room temperature. No maximum current appears on the potentiostatic current transients for the zinc deposition on lead and its alloys. With increasing overpotential, the progressive nucleation turns to be a 3D-instantaneous nucleation process for the resin-graphite composite. Hydrogen evolution on the graphite composite is effectively suppressed with the doping of a polymer resin. The hydrogen evolution reaction on the lead is relatively weak, while on the lead alloys, it becomes serious to a certain degree. Although the exchange current density of zinc deposition and dissolution process on the graphite composite is relatively low,the zinc corrosion is weakened to a great extent. With the increase of deposition time, zinc deposits are more compact. The cyclings of zinc galvanostatic charge–discharge on the graphite composite provide more than90% of coulombic and 80% of energy efficiencies, and exhibit superior cycling stability during the first 10 cycles.

Experiment and Analysis on the Treatment of Gaseous Benzene Using Pulsed Corona Discharge Plasma

An experiment and analysis on removal of gaseous benzene by pulse corona inducedplasma is presented in this article. Important parameters effecting removal efficiency have been investigated, such as pulse peak voltage, pulse frequency, gas inlet concentration, gas flow rate and reactor temperature. The result shows that the removal efficiency increases with the increase in pulse peak voltage, pulse frequency and reactor temperature, but decreases in the rise of gas inlet concentration and gas flow rate. On the condition of Vp = 36 kV, f = 80 Hz, C = 1440 mg/m^3 and Q = 640 ml/min, the largest removal efficiency is 98%. Finally, the reacted products are qualitatively analysed and the reaction processes are deduced in combination with plasma-chemistry theory.

Monitoring and Prediction of the Vibration Intensity of Seismic Waves Induced in Underwater Rock by Underwater Drilling and Blasting

All underwater drilling and blasting operations generate seismic waves.However,due to a lack of suitable vibration sensing instruments,most studies on the propagation of seismic waves have been limited to shorelines near construction areas or wharfs,whereas comparatively few studies have beerconducted on the larger seafloor itself.To address this gap,a seafloor vibration sensor system was developed and applied in this study that consists of an autonomous acquisition storage terminal,soft-ware platform,and hole-plugging device that was designed to record the blasting vibration intensities received through submarine rocks at a given measurement point.Additionally,dimensional analyses were used to derive a predictive equation for the strength of blast vibrations that considered the in fluence of the water depth.By combining reliable vibration data obtained using the sensor system in submarine rock and the developed predictive equation,it was determined that the water depth was ar important factor influencing the measured vibration strength.The results using the newly derivedequation were compared to those determined using the Sadowski equation,which is commonly used on land,and it was found that predictions using the derived equation were closer to the experimental values with an average error of less than 10%,representing a significant improvement.Based on these results the developed sensor system and preliminary theoretical basis was deemed suitable for studying the propagation behavior of submarine seismic waves generated by underwater drilling and blasting operations.

Calculation of the reactor neutron time of flight spectrum by convolution technique

It is a very complex and time-consuming process to simulate the nuclear reactor neutron spectrum from the reactor core to the export channel by applying a Monte Carlo program. This paper presents a new method to calculate the neutron spectrum by using the convolution technique which considers the channel transportation as a linear system and the transportation scattering as the response function. It also applies Monte Carlo Neutron and Photon Transport Code (MCNP) to simulate the response function numerically. With the application of convolution technique to calculate the spectrum distribution from the core to the channel, the process is then much more convenient only with the simple numerical integral numeration. This saves computer time and reduces some trouble in re-writing of the MCNP program.

Protective Effect of Cerium on Chloroplast in Wheat Seedling

The rates of Hill reaction and contents of MDA in chloroplast of wheat seedling under salinity stress or treated by ·O - 2 , which was produced by the system of xanthine and xanthine oxidase were studied. The results show that ·O - 2 can destroy structure and function of chloroplast, and cerium protects those of the cell organelle by cleaning ·O - 2 . The higher the concentration of cerium is, the stronger the protective effects of cerium is on chloroplast treated by ·O - 2 in the condition of the certain lower concentration of cerium. The function of cerium is as the same as SOD in scavenging ·O - 2 , and the effective time of protective effect is longer. This effect is more important as chloroplast is in photostage.

Observation of the Emission Spectra of an Atmospheric Pressure Radio-frequency Plasma Jet

An atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) using radio-frequency (13.56 MHz)power has been developed to produce homogeneous glow discharge at low temperature. Withoptical emission spectroscopy, we observed the excited species (atomic helium, atomic oxygen andmetastable oxygen) generated in this APPJ and their dependence on gas composition ratio andRF power. O and O2(b1Σg+ ) are found in the effluent outside the jet by measuring the emissionspectra of effluent perpendicular to the jet. An interesting phenomenon is found that there is anabnormal increase of O emission intensity (777.4 nm) between 10 mm and 40 mm away from thenozzle. This observation result is very helpful in practical operation.

Comparative Toxicity of Nanomaterials to Air-blood Barrier Permeability Using an In Vitro Model

Objective To comparatively study the toxicity of four metal-containing nanoparticles(MNPs) and their chemical counterparts to the air-blood barrier(ABB) permeability using an in vitro model.Methods ABB model, which was developed via the co-culturing of A549 and pulmonary capillary endothelium, was exposed to spherical CuO-NPs(divided into CuO-40, CuO-80, and CuO-100 based on particle size), nano-Al2O3(sheet and short-rod-shaped), nano-ZnO, nano-Pb S, CuSO4, Al2(SO4)3, Zn(CH3COO)2, and Pb(NO3)2 for 60 min.Every 10 min following exposure, the cumulative cleared volume(ΔTCL) of Lucifer yellow by the model was calculated.A clearance curve was established using linear regression analysis of ΔTCL versus time.Permeability coefficient(P) was calculated based on the slope of the curve to represent the degree of change in the ABB permeability.Results The results found the increased P values of CuO-40, CuO-80, sheet, and short-rod-shaped nano-Al2O3, Al2(SO4)3, and Pb(NO3)2.Among them, small CuO-40 and CuO-80 were stronger than CuO-100 and CuSO4;no difference was observed between Al2(SO4)3 and sheet and short-rod-shaped nano-Al2O3;and nano-Pb S was slightly weaker than Pb(NO3)2.So clearly the MNPs possess diverse toxicity.Conclusion ABB permeability abnormality means pulmonary toxicity potential.More studies are warranted to understand MNPs toxicity and ultimately control the health hazards.

Study on the Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor with Self-Assembly Imprinted Film of Calixarene Derivatives to Detect Organophosphorus Compounds

The molecularly imprinted technology and the self-assembly technique were used together on the calixarene surface acoustic wave (SAW) chemical sensors to detect organophosphorus compounds. 25-(thioalkyl-alkoxy)-p-tertbutylcalix[4] arene with self-assembled monolayer character was the sensitive coating of the sensors. The sensors had a special response to organophosphorus compounds and the response frequency shift of this sensor to organophosphorus compounds in 0.1 mg/m3 was 350 Hz. The response frequency increased linearly with the increase of the concentration of DMMP in the range from 0.1 to 0.6 mg/m3. The possible explanation of the interaction between the coatings and organophosphorus compounds was discussed.

Identification of N-Methyl Bis(2-(Alkyloxy-Alkylphosphoryloxy)Ethyl) Amines by LC-HRMS/MS

N-Methyl bis(2-(alkyloxy-alkylphosphoryloxy)ethyl)amines, which are abbreviated as PNPs, are a series of new skeleton chemicals belonging to schedule 2.B.04 chemicals of Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). PNPs are important markers of chemical warfare agents because they are structurally relative to both nerve agents and N-mustards. In this study, fragmentation pathways of the most characteristic fragment ions in Q-TOF mass spectrometry were proposed based on the information from accurate mass and secondary fragmentations of product ions scan experiments. Results indicated that the base ion in LC/HRMS was the quasi-molecular ion [M+H]+. In LC-HRMS/MS, it was [M+H-CnH2n+1P(O)(OH)CmH2m+1O]+ fragment ion which was formed by losing an alkyloxy alkylphosphoryloxy group from the quasi-molecular ion. The diagnostic ion m/z84.0814 was identified as [C5H10N]+, which was the group of (CH2=CH)2N+(H)CH3. PNPs have two protonated centers. One is on the N atom, the other is on the O atom (P=O). O-n-propyl PNPs generally exhibited two fragmentation pathways. Firstly, the quasi-molecular ion [M+H]+ lost a propoxy alkylphosphoryloxy group to produce [R1P(OH+)(O-n-C3H7)OCH2CH2N(CH3)CH=CH2]+, which could be fragmented further to produce [C5H10N]+ ion. Secondly, [R1P(OH+)(O-n-C3H7) OCH=CH2]+ ions were produced from [M+H]+ and fragmented further to produce the abundant ions [R1P(OH+)(OH)OCH =CH2]. However, O-isopropyl PNPs characteristically produced weak fragment ions [M+H-C3H6]+, which were presumably formed via loss of CH3CH=CH2 from [M+H]+. Other PNPs showed similar fragmentation pathways as O-n-propyl PNPs. On the summarization of the MS fragmentation pathways of PNPs, LC-HRMS/MS quantitative and qualitative methods were developed and applied to analyze N-Methyl bis(2-(butoxy-methylphosphoryloxy)ethyl]amine in high background organic samples. The analytical results had successfully supported the sample preparation for the 33rd official proficiency test of Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).

Synthesis of N-Glycyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1,5-dideoxy-1,5- imino-D-glucitol

1-Deoxynojirimycin (1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-glucitol, DNJ) and its derivatives have been found to have a number of biological activities, such as anti-HIV, anticancer, anti-diabetic, etc.[1] N-Hydroxylethyldeoxynojirimycin (Miglitol)has been used as a drug for treating diabetic. N-Butyl-1-deoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) has show potent anti-HIV-1 and HIV-2 activity without cytotoxicity.[2] Recently, NB-DNJ has been approved for clinical trials as a potential therapy for some glycosphingolipid (GSL) lysosomal storage diseases, which belong to a group of severe and fatal human diseases[3]Therefore, it is very significant to study N-substituted compounds of DNJ.……

A Modified Qu EChERS-DART-MS/MS Technique for High-Throughput Detection of Organophosphate Nerve Agent Hydrolysis Products in Environmental Samples

Organophosphate nerve agents(OPNAs)are lethal chemical weapons(CWs)which hydrolyze rapidly to alkyl phosphate compounds in the environment.The identification of alkyl phosphate compounds in the environment is critical for the verification of OPNAs.Currently,due to the complex sample preparation and long detection process for organophosphate nerve agent hydrolysis products(OPNAHPs),their high-throughput determination is difficult.To simplify sample preparation and detection of OPNAHPs from environmental samples,a quick,easy,cheap,effective,rugged and safe(Qu ECh ERS)method for the simultaneous purification of the five OPNAHPs in environmental samples combined with detection through direct analysis in real-time ionization source coupled with tandem mass spectrometer(DART-MS/MS)was developed.An internal standard method was applied for the quantification.The method exhibited a good linearity(R^(2)>0.991)in the range of 1.00 ng/m L-4.00μg/m L.The limits of detection and limits of quantification were 1.00-7.00 ng/m L and 10.0-20.0 ng/m L,respectively.The recoveries of OPNAHPs in environmental samples were between 65.3%and 107%,with relative standard deviations ranged from 1.6%to 19%.In addition,the sample preparation and analysis process for OPNAHPs could be completed in less than 10 min.The results demonstrated that the modified Qu ECh ERS method could quickly and efficiently remove the matrix of environmental samples.Combined with DART-MS/MS,an accurate and high-throughput detection method of OPNAHPs in environmental samples was provided.The developed method has great potential in the fields of early warning,clinical treatment and environmental decontamination.