AIM: To improve osteogenic differentiation and attachment of cells.METHODS: An electronic search was conducted inPub Med from January 2004 to December 2013. Studies which performed smart modifications on conventional ...AIM: To improve osteogenic differentiation and attachment of cells.METHODS: An electronic search was conducted inPub Med from January 2004 to December 2013. Studies which performed smart modifications on conventional bone scaffold materials were included. Scaffolds with controlled release or encapsulation of bioactive molecules were not included. Experiments which did not investigate response of cells toward the scaffold(cell attachment, proliferation or osteoblastic differentiation) were excluded. RESULTS: Among 1458 studies, 38 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main scaffold varied extensively among the included studies. Smart modifications included addition of growth factors(group Ⅰ-11 studies), extracellular matrix-like molecules(group Ⅱ-13 studies) and nanoparticles(nano-HA)(group Ⅲ-17 studies). In all groups, surface coating was the most commonly applied approach for smart modification of scaffolds. In group I, bone morphogenetic proteins were mainly used as growth factor stabilized on polycaprolactone(PCL). In group Ⅱ, collagen 1 in combination with PCL, hydroxyapatite(HA) and tricalcium phosphate were the most frequent scaffolds used. In the third group, nano-HA with PCL and chitosan were used the most. As variable methods were used, a thorough and comprehensible compare between the results and approaches was unattainable.CONCLUSION: Regarding the variability in methodology of these in vitro studies it was demonstrated that smart modification of scaffolds can improve tissue properties.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells(h DPSCs) on four commercially available scaffold biomaterials. METHODS: hD PSCs were isolated from human dental pulp tissues...AIM: To evaluate adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells(h DPSCs) on four commercially available scaffold biomaterials. METHODS: hD PSCs were isolated from human dental pulp tissues of extracted wisdom teeth and established in stem cell growth medium. h DPSCs at passage 3-5 were seeded on four commercially available scaffold biomaterials, SureO ss(Allograft), Cerabone(Xenograft), PLLA(Synthetic), and OSTEON Ⅱ Collagen(Composite), for 7 and 14 d in osteogenic medium. Cell adhesion and morphology to the scaffolds were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Cell proliferation and differentiation into osteogenic lineage were evaluated using DNA counting and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity assay, respectively. RESULTS: All scaffold biomaterials except Sure Oss(Allograft) supported h DPSC adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. hD PSCs seeded on PLLA(Synthetic) scaffold showed the highest cell proliferation and attachment as indicated with both SEM and DNA counting assay. Evaluating the osteogenic differentiation capability of hD PSCs on different scaffold biomaterials with ALP activity assay showed high level of ALP activity on cells cultured on PLLA(Synthetic) and OSTEON ⅡCollagen(Composite) scaffolds. SEM micrographs also showed that in the presence of Cerabone(Xenograft) and OSTEON Ⅱ Collagen(Composite) scaffolds, the h DPSCs demonstrated the fibroblastic phenotype with several cytoplasmic extension, while the cells on PLLA scaffold showed the osteoblastic-like morphology, round-like shape. CONCLUSION: PLLA scaffold supports adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hD PSCs. Hence, it may be useful in combination with hD PSCs for cell-based reconstructive therapy.展开更多
Background:There is overwhelming evidence that periodontal disease and dental caries affect the majority of populations and that western culture and lifestyle may have a profound influence on oral health,especially in...Background:There is overwhelming evidence that periodontal disease and dental caries affect the majority of populations and that western culture and lifestyle may have a profound influence on oral health,especially in adults.The present study was performed to determine the effect of westernization on the oral health of college students of Udaipur City,Rajasthan.Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among students attending various professional and non-professional bachelor's degree colleges of Udaipur City,Rajasthan,India,from March 2013 to May 2013.Eight hundred students were selected based on a two-stage random sampling procedure.Westernization was assessed by a self-administered structured questionnaire.Periodontal status,dental caries status and malocclusion were assessed according to World Health Organization(WHO) criteria(1997).Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and Multivariate logistic regression.The confidence level and level of significance were set at 95% and 5%,respectively.Results:The present study suggested that adverse habits,listening to English music and preferring English food had a significant association with dental caries and periodontal diseases.Malocclusion also showed a significant relationship with consuming English food for snacks and desserts.Multivariate analysis revealed a significantly greater odds ratio(OR) for periodontal disease and dental caries among those who preferred English food for lunch.Conclusion:Based on the results of the present study,there is an association between westernization and oral health.展开更多
The crown form of maxillary central incisor tooth is one of the vital phenomenon for a person’s esthetics.Its crown form has been compared with other anatomical parameters such as arch form and facial form.Three diff...The crown form of maxillary central incisor tooth is one of the vital phenomenon for a person’s esthetics.Its crown form has been compared with other anatomical parameters such as arch form and facial form.Three different classes of tooth forms which relate to square,tapered,and ovoid forms are identified.The aim of this study was to morphometrically evaluate the correlation between maxillary dental arch form and the maxillary central incisor crown form.Dentate cast models of fifty male and fifty female normal occlusion controls in the age group of 18-23 years were analyzed.The mesiodistal(MD)dimensions of the maxillary central incisors were measured at incisal(MD_I)and at gingival(MD_G)levels.The transverse widths of maxillary casts were measured at the first molar and at the first premolar levels.The measured data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS software.The MD dimensions of maxillary central incisor were significantly greater in males than females.The ratio between the two MD dimensions also varied significantly among genders.The intermolar width(IMW)and interfirst premolar width(IPmW)between males and females were highly significant(P<0.05),whereas the ratio between these two parameters in males and females was not significant(P=0.43).Eighty‑eight percentage of the participants were found to have an ovoid type of maxillary arch,while only 45%of them had the ovoid form of maxillary central incisors.The MD_I and the IMW were found to be in the ratio of 1:5.5 in both genders.The MD_G and the IPmW were in the ratio of 1:4.7 in males and 1:4.5 in females.There was a weak positive correlation between MD_I and IMW(r^(2)=0.146)and between MD_G and IPmW(r^(2)=0.05).No significant concordance between the maxillary central incisor crown form and the maxillary arch form was found in this study.展开更多
The size and shape of tooth crowns are morphogenetically predetermined during embryogenesis.The maxillary central incisors have contributed to sexual dimorphism,and several classifications of the form of maxillary cen...The size and shape of tooth crowns are morphogenetically predetermined during embryogenesis.The maxillary central incisors have contributed to sexual dimorphism,and several classifications of the form of maxillary central incisors are available in the literature.We,in the present study,aimed to analyze the mesiodistal(MD)measurements at two levels of maxillary central incisor,to determine its crown form.The study was conducted on 100 dental plaster models(50 males and 50 females).The MD dimensions at the contact area level MD_incisal(MD_I)and at the gingival papilla level(MD_G)and the gingivo‑incisal height of the crown were measured in the dental models using digital Vernier caliper.The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 statistical software.The mean values of all the three parameters measured were slightly greater for males and also for the left central incisors.There were no significant differences in all the three variables when the right and left incisors were compared.Significant differences were noted when the parameters are compared between genders.The height/width ratio of crown showed a significant difference between male and female.The value of the ratio between the two MD dimensions(MD_I and MD_G)was used to determine the crown form.The ratio between the MD dimensions at incisal and gingival area showed a significant difference between genders and no such significance was found between right and left central incisors.There is a significant difference in the form of maxillary central incisors between male and female samples and not between right and left.The MD dimensions at incisal and gingival thirds decide the form of crown.展开更多
文摘AIM: To improve osteogenic differentiation and attachment of cells.METHODS: An electronic search was conducted inPub Med from January 2004 to December 2013. Studies which performed smart modifications on conventional bone scaffold materials were included. Scaffolds with controlled release or encapsulation of bioactive molecules were not included. Experiments which did not investigate response of cells toward the scaffold(cell attachment, proliferation or osteoblastic differentiation) were excluded. RESULTS: Among 1458 studies, 38 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main scaffold varied extensively among the included studies. Smart modifications included addition of growth factors(group Ⅰ-11 studies), extracellular matrix-like molecules(group Ⅱ-13 studies) and nanoparticles(nano-HA)(group Ⅲ-17 studies). In all groups, surface coating was the most commonly applied approach for smart modification of scaffolds. In group I, bone morphogenetic proteins were mainly used as growth factor stabilized on polycaprolactone(PCL). In group Ⅱ, collagen 1 in combination with PCL, hydroxyapatite(HA) and tricalcium phosphate were the most frequent scaffolds used. In the third group, nano-HA with PCL and chitosan were used the most. As variable methods were used, a thorough and comprehensible compare between the results and approaches was unattainable.CONCLUSION: Regarding the variability in methodology of these in vitro studies it was demonstrated that smart modification of scaffolds can improve tissue properties.
文摘AIM: To evaluate adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells(h DPSCs) on four commercially available scaffold biomaterials. METHODS: hD PSCs were isolated from human dental pulp tissues of extracted wisdom teeth and established in stem cell growth medium. h DPSCs at passage 3-5 were seeded on four commercially available scaffold biomaterials, SureO ss(Allograft), Cerabone(Xenograft), PLLA(Synthetic), and OSTEON Ⅱ Collagen(Composite), for 7 and 14 d in osteogenic medium. Cell adhesion and morphology to the scaffolds were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Cell proliferation and differentiation into osteogenic lineage were evaluated using DNA counting and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity assay, respectively. RESULTS: All scaffold biomaterials except Sure Oss(Allograft) supported h DPSC adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. hD PSCs seeded on PLLA(Synthetic) scaffold showed the highest cell proliferation and attachment as indicated with both SEM and DNA counting assay. Evaluating the osteogenic differentiation capability of hD PSCs on different scaffold biomaterials with ALP activity assay showed high level of ALP activity on cells cultured on PLLA(Synthetic) and OSTEON ⅡCollagen(Composite) scaffolds. SEM micrographs also showed that in the presence of Cerabone(Xenograft) and OSTEON Ⅱ Collagen(Composite) scaffolds, the h DPSCs demonstrated the fibroblastic phenotype with several cytoplasmic extension, while the cells on PLLA scaffold showed the osteoblastic-like morphology, round-like shape. CONCLUSION: PLLA scaffold supports adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hD PSCs. Hence, it may be useful in combination with hD PSCs for cell-based reconstructive therapy.
文摘Background:There is overwhelming evidence that periodontal disease and dental caries affect the majority of populations and that western culture and lifestyle may have a profound influence on oral health,especially in adults.The present study was performed to determine the effect of westernization on the oral health of college students of Udaipur City,Rajasthan.Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among students attending various professional and non-professional bachelor's degree colleges of Udaipur City,Rajasthan,India,from March 2013 to May 2013.Eight hundred students were selected based on a two-stage random sampling procedure.Westernization was assessed by a self-administered structured questionnaire.Periodontal status,dental caries status and malocclusion were assessed according to World Health Organization(WHO) criteria(1997).Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and Multivariate logistic regression.The confidence level and level of significance were set at 95% and 5%,respectively.Results:The present study suggested that adverse habits,listening to English music and preferring English food had a significant association with dental caries and periodontal diseases.Malocclusion also showed a significant relationship with consuming English food for snacks and desserts.Multivariate analysis revealed a significantly greater odds ratio(OR) for periodontal disease and dental caries among those who preferred English food for lunch.Conclusion:Based on the results of the present study,there is an association between westernization and oral health.
文摘The crown form of maxillary central incisor tooth is one of the vital phenomenon for a person’s esthetics.Its crown form has been compared with other anatomical parameters such as arch form and facial form.Three different classes of tooth forms which relate to square,tapered,and ovoid forms are identified.The aim of this study was to morphometrically evaluate the correlation between maxillary dental arch form and the maxillary central incisor crown form.Dentate cast models of fifty male and fifty female normal occlusion controls in the age group of 18-23 years were analyzed.The mesiodistal(MD)dimensions of the maxillary central incisors were measured at incisal(MD_I)and at gingival(MD_G)levels.The transverse widths of maxillary casts were measured at the first molar and at the first premolar levels.The measured data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS software.The MD dimensions of maxillary central incisor were significantly greater in males than females.The ratio between the two MD dimensions also varied significantly among genders.The intermolar width(IMW)and interfirst premolar width(IPmW)between males and females were highly significant(P<0.05),whereas the ratio between these two parameters in males and females was not significant(P=0.43).Eighty‑eight percentage of the participants were found to have an ovoid type of maxillary arch,while only 45%of them had the ovoid form of maxillary central incisors.The MD_I and the IMW were found to be in the ratio of 1:5.5 in both genders.The MD_G and the IPmW were in the ratio of 1:4.7 in males and 1:4.5 in females.There was a weak positive correlation between MD_I and IMW(r^(2)=0.146)and between MD_G and IPmW(r^(2)=0.05).No significant concordance between the maxillary central incisor crown form and the maxillary arch form was found in this study.
文摘The size and shape of tooth crowns are morphogenetically predetermined during embryogenesis.The maxillary central incisors have contributed to sexual dimorphism,and several classifications of the form of maxillary central incisors are available in the literature.We,in the present study,aimed to analyze the mesiodistal(MD)measurements at two levels of maxillary central incisor,to determine its crown form.The study was conducted on 100 dental plaster models(50 males and 50 females).The MD dimensions at the contact area level MD_incisal(MD_I)and at the gingival papilla level(MD_G)and the gingivo‑incisal height of the crown were measured in the dental models using digital Vernier caliper.The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 statistical software.The mean values of all the three parameters measured were slightly greater for males and also for the left central incisors.There were no significant differences in all the three variables when the right and left incisors were compared.Significant differences were noted when the parameters are compared between genders.The height/width ratio of crown showed a significant difference between male and female.The value of the ratio between the two MD dimensions(MD_I and MD_G)was used to determine the crown form.The ratio between the MD dimensions at incisal and gingival area showed a significant difference between genders and no such significance was found between right and left central incisors.There is a significant difference in the form of maxillary central incisors between male and female samples and not between right and left.The MD dimensions at incisal and gingival thirds decide the form of crown.
